Exam 28: Community Interactions

What kinds of plant species are likely to be pioneers in secondary succession? Explain why.

Which behavioral response to the threat of predation is most likely to be selected for in a species that uses camouflage for protection from predators?

What factor most determines the intensity of interspecific competition?

The tiny wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae lays its eggs inside the egg masses of gypsy moths. When the wasp larvae hatch, they burrow into the gypsy moth caterpillars and eat them from the inside. After they have completed their development, the adult wasps emerge from the bodies of the moth caterpillars, killing them in the process. This relationship is classified as

Over the past century, sagebrush has dramatically expanded its range over the Colorado plateau's grasslands. This development has been attributed to the overgrazing of the area's grasses by cattle and sheep. This example indicates that

Harmless king snakes mimic the color patterns of venomous coral snakes, which serve as models. If avoidance were based solely on prior predator experience with the model, what do you predict would happen in areas where coral snakes were never present?

A species that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is

Birds follow a herd of water buffalo to catch insects that are disturbed as the large herbivores walk through the grass. When large predators are near, the birds fly into the air and make warning calls. Who are the birds warning?

Bison are a species in the prairie, helping to maintain the grasses, opening water holes and wallows, and creating the ecological framework for the prairie ecosystem.

The next time you need to mow the grass, you can excuse yourself, saying that by mowing you are helping to maintain a man- made

The biologist who studies interactions at the community level investigates interactions among

The principle states that two species cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

Predation is similar to _ _ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while harming the other.

In his study of the foraging behavior of bumblebees, D. W. Inouye noted that both Bombus appositus and Bombus flavifrons feed from both larkspur and monkshood flowers when each is the only bumblebee species present. However, when both species are present, B. appositus feeds on only larkspur and B. flavifrons feeds on monkshood. This behavior is an example of

Birds follow a herd of water buffalo to catch insects that are disturbed as the large herbivores walk through the grass. When large predators are near, the birds fly into the air and make warning calls. What is the ecological relationship between the birds and the herbivores called?

In all symbiotic relationships, both species involved benefit from the association.

The first community that forms on bare rock often has organisms such as

Many plants produce chemicals that are used as medicines. For example, the drug digitalis, which stimulates the human heart, is derived from foxglove, a poisonous plant. What advantage does producing toxic compounds have for the plant?

Several ecology students were tracking the population ranges of two species of squirrels that live in the Cascade Range of Oregon. These students noted that when both species of squirrels were present in a region, species A could be found from sea level to about 900 feet above sea level, and species B could be found from about 900 feet to 1,500 feet above sea level. However, when species B was found alone, it had a range of about 500 feet to 1,500 feet above sea level. This is an example of

In mutualistic interactions, one species is harmed and one benefits.