Exam 28: Community Interactions

A _ feeds on its host organism, but does not kill it immediately.

Insects that feed on plants without completely consuming them may be classified as

The Masai people of Kenya, in east Africa, regularly consume the blood and milk of their cattle. Based on this information alone, we might classify the relationship between the Masai and cattle as

Lichens represent a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.

An animal that only eats plants is a(n) .

The first organisms to colonize a disturbed ecosystem are the climax species.

Over the course of their evolutionary histories, the timing of flowering, the spacing of plants, and the nectar rewards of flowering plants have influenced the foraging behavior of bees, which in turn has influenced the morphology of flowers. This process is an example of

Humans contract bacterial infections such as tuberculosis or syphilis. What is this ecological relationship called?

If you find a brightly colored insect resting on a dead leaf, the insect is likely to

Ornithologists visiting an island find two species of birds that appear nearly identical except for bill size. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for their discovery?

In the process called , interactions between species can limit population size, but can also influence the physical characteristics and behaviors of the interacting populations.

What happens to the soil in an area as succession proceeds?

Earthworms live in many grass and forest ecosystems, and they aerate the soil as they burrow. They also may mix soil layers as they ingest organic matter and travel between layers. These traits, taken collectively, make up the of the earthworm.

Many plants are mycorrhizal: Their roots are infected with a specialized fungus. The plant supplies carbon to the fungus, and the fungus supplies nutrients to the plant. The relationship between these plants and the mycorrhizal fungi is an example of a _ association.

In the illustration above, the shrubby blueberry and juniper are classified as a community.

Clownfish live within the tentacles of sea anemones. The anemone protects the fish from predators, and the clownfish cleans the anemone. This relationship is an example of

A predator might use to enable it to catch its prey.

Fire is increasingly used as a management tool in both forest and grassland ecosystems to increase species diversity. How might fire influence the occurrence of a climax community and species diversity?

You suspect that the American alligator is a keystone species in specific habitats in Florida. How could you experimentally prove or disprove this hypothesis?

An effective, bright, and very distinct color pattern that a prey species can display suddenly to scare a predator is called