Question 1

Vaccinations involve injecting _ into the person or animal.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics 
B)  weakened or killed microbes 
C)  antibodies against similar diseases 
D)  the disease itself 
E)  antibodies against the disease 
A)  antibiotics 
B)  weakened or killed microbes 
C)  antibodies against similar diseases 
D)  the disease itself 
E)  antibodies against the disease

Question 2

Foreign proteins that bind to an antibody are called

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens. 
B)  histamines. 
C)  interferons. 
D)  cytotoxins. 
A)  antigens. 
B)  histamines. 
C)  interferons. 
D)  cytotoxins.

Question 3

Would you expect someone with AIDS to have inflammation and/or a fever in response to an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, because HIV weakens or destroys the nonspecific defenses. 
B)  No, because HIV weakens or destroys the specific immune response. 
C)  Yes, because HIV does not destroy the nonspecific defenses. 
D)  Yes, because HIV does not affect the specific immune response. 
A)  No, because HIV weakens or destroys the nonspecific defenses. 
B)  No, because HIV weakens or destroys the specific immune response. 
C)  Yes, because HIV does not destroy the nonspecific defenses. 
D)  Yes, because HIV does not affect the specific immune response.

Question 4

Which of the following is a harmless bacterium, in which mutated strains may cause toxic shock syndrome, inhabits your skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aeromonas hydrophila 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Clostridium tetani 
E)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
A)  Aeromonas hydrophila 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Clostridium tetani 
E)  Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 5

The primary function of cell- mediated immunity is to

Accepted Answer

A)  promote the production of antibodies. 
B)  decrease the amount of complement. 
C)  protect the body against extracellular parasites. 
D)  increase the number of macrophages. 
E)  destroy cancerous or virus- infected host cells. 
A)  promote the production of antibodies. 
B)  decrease the amount of complement. 
C)  protect the body against extracellular parasites. 
D)  increase the number of macrophages. 
E)  destroy cancerous or virus- infected host cells.

Question 6

Complement is a collection of

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies. 
B)  blood proteins that assist antibodies. 
C)  antibiotics. 
D)  nonspecific antigens. 
E)  phagocytic cells that consume virus- infected body cells. 
A)  antibodies. 
B)  blood proteins that assist antibodies. 
C)  antibiotics. 
D)  nonspecific antigens. 
E)  phagocytic cells that consume virus- infected body cells.

Question 7

_ immunity deals with microbes circulating in your bloodstream, whereas immunity deals with microbes hiding within body cells.

Accepted Answer

Humoral; c

Question 8

Natural killer cells

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy body cells that have been invaded by viruses. 
B)  produce secretions that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes. 
C)  are a type of lymphocyte. 
D)  are located on the surface of the skin. 
E)  engulf and destroy invading bacteria. 
A)  destroy body cells that have been invaded by viruses. 
B)  produce secretions that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes. 
C)  are a type of lymphocyte. 
D)  are located on the surface of the skin. 
E)  engulf and destroy invading bacteria.

Question 9

Which of the following defense cells are able to squeeze through the intact walls of capillaries into the tissues to attack and ingest invading microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Mast cells 
C)  B cells 
D)  Natural killer cells 
E)  Phagocytes 
A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Mast cells 
C)  B cells 
D)  Natural killer cells 
E)  Phagocytes

Question 10

B cells and T cells cannot design and build antibodies or T- cell receptors to fit specific invading antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Your immune system has identified some body cells infected with an influenza (flu) virus. Which of the following will the immune system use to destroy these infected cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytes 
B)  Antibodies 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  Antigens 
A)  Phagocytes 
B)  Antibodies 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  Antigens

Question 12

In the body, infections are often associated with , a whitish mixture of dead bacteria, damaged tissue, and white blood cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the body, infections are often associated...

Question 13

Briefly explain why children born with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) often do not experience infection for several months after birth.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies from the

Question 14

How does the skin act as a barrier to microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It releases B cells and T cells to fight infections. 
B)  Dendritic cells patrol the skin's surface, producing secretions that inhibit microbe growth. 
C)  Sweat and sebaceous gland secretions inhibit bacterial growth. 
D)  Dead skin cells are packed with keratin, an antibacterial protein that punches holes in bacterial membranes. 
A)  It releases B cells and T cells to fight infections. 
B)  Dendritic cells patrol the skin's surface, producing secretions that inhibit microbe growth. 
C)  Sweat and sebaceous gland secretions inhibit bacterial growth. 
D)  Dead skin cells are packed with keratin, an antibacterial protein that punches holes in bacterial membranes.

Question 15

Natural killer cells prevent viral infection by

Accepted Answer

A)  secreting proteins that punch holes in viral plasma membranes. 
B)  ingesting the viruses and digesting them. 
C)  enzymatically destroying virus- infected cells. 
D)  phagocytizing cells that are infected with a virus. 
A)  secreting proteins that punch holes in viral plasma membranes. 
B)  ingesting the viruses and digesting them. 
C)  enzymatically destroying virus- infected cells. 
D)  phagocytizing cells that are infected with a virus.

Question 16

Viruses are known to cause certain cancers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Type 1 diabetes is considered an autoimmune disease because the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin- producing cells in the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Antibodies are nonspecific.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific response to infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of memory B cells 
B)  Fever 
C)  Production of antibodies 
D)  Activation of T cells 
A)  Formation of memory B cells 
B)  Fever 
C)  Production of antibodies 
D)  Activation of T cells

Question 20

Aspirin reduces fevers; however, many physicians do NOT recommend aspirin to patients with a low- grade fever. Why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fevers decrease the amount of interferon produced by the body. 
B)  Aspirin increases the release of pyrogens. 
C)  Fevers reduce bacterial reproduction rates. 
D)  Aspirin increases the activity of phagocytic white blood cells. 
A)  Fevers decrease the amount of interferon produced by the body. 
B)  Aspirin increases the release of pyrogens. 
C)  Fevers reduce bacterial reproduction rates. 
D)  Aspirin increases the activity of phagocytic white blood cells.

Exam 37: Defenses Against Disease

Vaccinations involve injecting _ into the person or animal.

Foreign proteins that bind to an antibody are called

Would you expect someone with AIDS to have inflammation and/or a fever in response to an infection?

Which of the following is a harmless bacterium, in which mutated strains may cause toxic shock syndrome, inhabits your skin?

The primary function of cell- mediated immunity is to

Complement is a collection of

_ immunity deals with microbes circulating in your bloodstream, whereas immunity deals with microbes hiding within body cells.

Natural killer cells

Which of the following defense cells are able to squeeze through the intact walls of capillaries into the tissues to attack and ingest invading microbes?

B cells and T cells cannot design and build antibodies or T- cell receptors to fit specific invading antigens.

Your immune system has identified some body cells infected with an influenza (flu) virus. Which of the following will the immune system use to destroy these infected cells?

In the body, infections are often associated with , a whitish mixture of dead bacteria, damaged tissue, and white blood cells

Briefly explain why children born with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) often do not experience infection for several months after birth.

How does the skin act as a barrier to microbial invasion?

Natural killer cells prevent viral infection by

Viruses are known to cause certain cancers.

Type 1 diabetes is considered an autoimmune disease because the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin- producing cells in the pancreas.

Antibodies are nonspecific.

Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific response to infection?

Aspirin reduces fevers; however, many physicians do NOT recommend aspirin to patients with a low- grade fever. Why not?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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