Question 1

The rejection of a transplanted kidney is due to a humoral immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

List the human body's three lines of defense against disease.

Accepted Answer

Nonspecific external barriers

Question 3

The constant region of an antibody

Accepted Answer

A)  recognizes and binds to the antigen. 
B)  determines where the antibody is located and its role in the immune response. 
C)  has no function. 
D)  stimulates the production of macrophages and T- cells. 
A)  recognizes and binds to the antigen. 
B)  determines where the antibody is located and its role in the immune response. 
C)  has no function. 
D)  stimulates the production of macrophages and T- cells.

Question 4

Which type of cell secretes antibodies into the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory 
B)  Helper T 
C)  Cytotoxic T 
D)  Plasma 
A)  Memory 
B)  Helper T 
C)  Cytotoxic T 
D)  Plasma

Question 5

Which of the following is a consequence of histamine release?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood flow 
B)  Constriction of the smooth muscle that surrounds arterioles 
C)  Initiation of blood clotting 
D)  Leaky capillary walls 
A)  Decreased blood flow 
B)  Constriction of the smooth muscle that surrounds arterioles 
C)  Initiation of blood clotting 
D)  Leaky capillary walls

Question 6

The recent appearance of antibiotic- resistant strains of bacteria is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the action of memory cells. 
B)  natural immunity. 
C)  inflammation. 
D)  evolution by natural selection. 
A)  the action of memory cells. 
B)  natural immunity. 
C)  inflammation. 
D)  evolution by natural selection.

Question 7

Last summer a bee stung you for the first time. You developed only a small area of redness and swelling at the site. However, if you are stung again and have a severe reaction that occurs more rapidly, you know that this is due to the activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  helper T cells. 
C)  tissue macrophages. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  memory cells. 
A)  complement. 
B)  helper T cells. 
C)  tissue macrophages. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  memory cells.

Question 8

How does the extra mucus in a runny nose protect against microbial infection?

Accepted Answer

Airborne microbes are trapped

Question 9

Briefly describe how a fever develops in response to infection.

Accepted Answer

Certain types of bacteria and phagocytic

Question 10

Pyrogens are produced by phagocytic white blood cells in response to infection. Pyrogens

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate an increase in body temperature. 
B)  kill bacteria by digesting their cell walls. 
C)  increase the concentration of iron in the blood. 
D)  are the chemicals that triggers an inflammatory response. 
E)  relax the smooth muscle of arterioles delivering blood to the site of infection. 
A)  initiate an increase in body temperature. 
B)  kill bacteria by digesting their cell walls. 
C)  increase the concentration of iron in the blood. 
D)  are the chemicals that triggers an inflammatory response. 
E)  relax the smooth muscle of arterioles delivering blood to the site of infection.

Question 11

Pus, a thick white substance that sometimes accumulates at the site of an infection, is a mixture of dead bacteria, debris, and white blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

As shown in this figure, upon re- exposure to pollen, the pollen binds to

Accepted Answer

A)  free antibodies within the capillaries. 
B)  T cells. 
C)  antibodies on mast cells. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  plasma cells. 
A)  free antibodies within the capillaries. 
B)  T cells. 
C)  antibodies on mast cells. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  plasma cells.

Question 13

Which of the following antibody types is the most common in the blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgA 
A)  IgE 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgA

Question 14

How does histamine contribute to the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decreases blood flow to the injured area. 
B)  It causes fever. 
C)  It increases warmth at the site of infection. 
D)  It makes capillaries less leaky. 
E)  It attracts macrophages to the site of infection. 
A)  It decreases blood flow to the injured area. 
B)  It causes fever. 
C)  It increases warmth at the site of infection. 
D)  It makes capillaries less leaky. 
E)  It attracts macrophages to the site of infection.

Question 15

Antibodies are

Accepted Answer

A)  protein molecules. 
B)  produced by T cells. 
C)  derived from vitamins. 
D)  carbohydrate molecules. 
E)  amino acid molecules. 
A)  protein molecules. 
B)  produced by T cells. 
C)  derived from vitamins. 
D)  carbohydrate molecules. 
E)  amino acid molecules.

Question 16

What are the functions of helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate production and

Question 17

When AIDS patients die, it is because

Accepted Answer

A)  they lack HIV antibodies. 
B)  the AIDS virus has a high rate of mutation. 
C)  their immune systems cannot defend them from other infections. 
D)  HIV destroys the internal organs. 
E)  there are no treatments to slow the progress of the disease. 
A)  they lack HIV antibodies. 
B)  the AIDS virus has a high rate of mutation. 
C)  their immune systems cannot defend them from other infections. 
D)  HIV destroys the internal organs. 
E)  there are no treatments to slow the progress of the disease.

Question 18

Interferon

Accepted Answer

A)  causes inflammation. 
B)  kills bacteria. 
C)  causes fever. 
D)  helps cells resist viral infection. 
A)  causes inflammation. 
B)  kills bacteria. 
C)  causes fever. 
D)  helps cells resist viral infection.

Question 19

Why do inflamed tissues appear red, swollen, and warm?

Accepted Answer

Affected cells release histami

Question 20

Inflammation occurs in response to chemicals, such as histamine, secreted by

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma cells. 
B)  neutrophils. 
C)  natural killer cells. 
D)  T cells. 
E)  mast cells. 
A)  plasma cells. 
B)  neutrophils. 
C)  natural killer cells. 
D)  T cells. 
E)  mast cells.

Exam 37: Defenses Against Disease

The rejection of a transplanted kidney is due to a humoral immune response.

List the human body's three lines of defense against disease.

The constant region of an antibody

Which type of cell secretes antibodies into the blood?

Which of the following is a consequence of histamine release?

The recent appearance of antibiotic- resistant strains of bacteria is an example of

Last summer a bee stung you for the first time. You developed only a small area of redness and swelling at the site. However, if you are stung again and have a severe reaction that occurs more rapidly, you know that this is due to the activation of

How does the extra mucus in a runny nose protect against microbial infection?

Briefly describe how a fever develops in response to infection.

Pyrogens are produced by phagocytic white blood cells in response to infection. Pyrogens

Pus, a thick white substance that sometimes accumulates at the site of an infection, is a mixture of dead bacteria, debris, and white blood cells.

As shown in this figure, upon re- exposure to pollen, the pollen binds to

Which of the following antibody types is the most common in the blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid?

How does histamine contribute to the inflammatory response?

Antibodies are

What are the functions of helper T cells?

When AIDS patients die, it is because

Interferon

Why do inflamed tissues appear red, swollen, and warm?

Inflammation occurs in response to chemicals, such as histamine, secreted by

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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