Exam 37: Defenses Against Disease

As a doctor, you discover a new virus that prevents the body from creating memory cells. Based on what you know about human defenses against disease, you predict that this virus is infecting and destroying which type of white blood cell?

Fever is caused by

The proteins that must be matched as closely as possible between an organ donor and a recipient are the proteins.

are white blood cells that attack cancer cells.

Nonspecific internal defenses include

Which of the following is NOT part of the inflammatory response?

HIV weakens a person's ability to fight off other infections by infecting and destroying helper T cells.

Antibiotics are NOT effective against

The skin inhibits bacterial growth by releasing

This figure illustrates the structure of an antibody. Which part of the antibody binds to the antigen?

Macrophages

When Europeans first came to North America, one of the most disastrous impacts on native populations was the introduction of "Old World diseases." These diseases, such as smallpox, influenza, and plague, devastated the Native American population as the number of settlers grew steadily. One author has called this "the greatest human catastrophe in history, far exceeding . . . the Black Death of Medieval Europe." Based on this scenario and what you know about the immune system, what can you conclude about the Native American and European populations?

You are a forensic biologist and have been asked to review the files of an old, unsolved murder case. The autopsy report is missing a lot of important information, but you read that the victim had a thymus gland that was just starting to shrink. Based on this information alone, what can you conclude about the victim?

How does a cell "inform" the immune system that it is infected with a virus?

All B cells produce the same type of antibodies.

Most specialized immune cells are located in the

Triclosan is a common antibiotic used in antiperspirants, toothpastes, and antibacterial soaps. You are a doctor studying the evolution of bacterial resistance to triclosan. You need to find a population of nonresistant bacteria. Where should you look?

HIV may be transmitted from one individual to another by holding hands.

Individual B cells produce

Which of the following predictions is the most accurate about a person who has normal external barriers and specific internal defenses but lacks nonspecific internal defenses?