Question 1

Which of the following is the primary parameter used to alter the breath size in pressure controlled?

Accepted Answer

A) positive inspiratory pressure (PIP)- positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C) tidal volume 
D) flow 
A) positive inspiratory pressure (PIP)- positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C) tidal volume 
D) flow

Question 2

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 20/min. The inspiratory time is 0.75 second. What is the percentage inspiratory time?

Accepted Answer

A) 20% 
B) 25% 
C) 30% 
D) 33% 
A) 20% 
B) 25% 
C) 30% 
D) 33%

Question 3

Which of the closed-loop controllers is used by all ventilators?

Accepted Answer

A) setpoint 
B) auto setpoint 
C) adaptive 
D) servo 
A) setpoint 
B) auto setpoint 
C) adaptive 
D) servo

Question 4

What is the name of a breath where a patient is able to change the inspiratory time?

Accepted Answer

A) patient cycled 
B) patient triggered 
C) machine triggered 
D) machine cycled 
A) patient cycled 
B) patient triggered 
C) machine triggered 
D) machine cycled

Question 5

Flow serves as a limit variable whenever a ventilator controls what?

Accepted Answer

A) pressure 
B) flow 
C) time 
D) volume 
A) pressure 
B) flow 
C) time 
D) volume

Question 6

Types of output control valves used in modern ventilators include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) pneumatic diaphragm valve 
B) proportional valve 
C) electromagnetic poppet or plunger 
D) linear screw valve 
A) pneumatic diaphragm valve 
B) proportional valve 
C) electromagnetic poppet or plunger 
D) linear screw valve

Question 7

For which of the following uses might you consider the use of a purely pneumatically powered ventilator?
I.as a backup to electrically powered ventilators
II.when electrical device cannot be used (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging)III.during certain types of patient transport

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 8

A time-cycled constant flow generator is set up with a flow of 35 L/min and an inspiratory time of 1.7 seconds. What is the approximate VT?

Accepted Answer

A) 750 ml (0.75 L) 
B) 1000 ml (1.00 L) 
C) 1900 ml (1.90 L) 
D) 1200 ml (1.20 L) 
A) 750 ml (0.75 L) 
B) 1000 ml (1.00 L) 
C) 1900 ml (1.90 L) 
D) 1200 ml (1.20 L)

Question 9

During mechanical ventilation, what variable causes a breath to end?

Accepted Answer

A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline 
A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline

Question 10

In which of the following situations is volume-controlled ventilation sometimes used?
I.when a precise PaCO2 has to be maintained (some closed-head injuries)
II.when more even distribution of ventilation is required
III.when ventilating patients with severe, refractory hypoxemia
IV.when ventilating patients with unstable or changing ventilatory drives

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) III and IV 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I, III, and IV 
A) I and II 
B) III and IV 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I, III, and IV

Question 11

What is the application of pressure above atmospheric at the airway throughout expiration during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B) pressure support ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
A) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B) pressure support ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 12

Which of the following modes is a good example of adaptive control?

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) airway pressure release ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) pressure-regulated volume control (PRV
C)  
A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) airway pressure release ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) pressure-regulated volume control (PRV
C)

Question 13

Which of the following modes is commonly selected for patients with neuromuscular disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) PC-intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) 
B) VC-IMV 
C) airway pressure release ventilation 
D) pressure-regulated volume control 
A) PC-intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) 
B) VC-IMV 
C) airway pressure release ventilation 
D) pressure-regulated volume control

Question 14

If the pressure waveform of a ventilator remains the same when a patient's lung mechanics change, then what is the ventilator?

Accepted Answer

A) volume controller 
B) pressure controller 
C) time controller 
D) flow controller 
A) volume controller 
B) pressure controller 
C) time controller 
D) flow controller

Question 15

While observing a patient receiving ventilatory support, you notice that all delivered breaths are initiated or terminated by the machine. Which of the following modes of ventilatory support is in force?

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) partial ventilatory support 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) continuous spontaneous ventilation 
A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) partial ventilatory support 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) continuous spontaneous ventilation

Question 16

You observe that a ventilator reaches a preset pressure early in inspiration but holds it for a specific time, after which inspiration ends. What mode of ventilatory support is in force?

Accepted Answer

A) time cycled 
B) pressure limited 
C) pressure cycled 
D) volume limited 
A) time cycled 
B) pressure limited 
C) pressure cycled 
D) volume limited

Question 17

A ventilator providing pressure support ventilation to a patient is set to flow trigger on spontaneous breaths (base flow = 10 L/min; trigger = 3 L/min below base flow). While at the bedside, you observe that the ventilator trigger rate is much higher than the patient's spontaneous rate, causing noticeable patient discomfort. Which of the following could be causing this problem?
I.circuit leaks
II.inadequate base flow
III.circuit movement

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 18

What is the primary use of pressure support ventilation at low pressure levels?

Accepted Answer

A) decrease the ventilator circuit-imposed respiratory muscle work 
B) increase the functional residual capacity 
C) decrease the VD/VT 
D) restore tone to atrophied respiratory muscles 
A) decrease the ventilator circuit-imposed respiratory muscle work 
B) increase the functional residual capacity 
C) decrease the VD/VT 
D) restore tone to atrophied respiratory muscles

Question 19

During pressure-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine VT?
I.pressure difference
II.inspiratory time
III.time constant

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III only 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III only 
D) I, II, and III

Question 20

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the inspiratory time?
I.volume
II.flow
III.rate

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Exam 42: Mechanical Ventilators

Which of the following is the primary parameter used to alter the breath size in pressure controlled?

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 20/min. The inspiratory time is 0.75 second. What is the percentage inspiratory time?

Which of the closed-loop controllers is used by all ventilators?

What is the name of a breath where a patient is able to change the inspiratory time?

Flow serves as a limit variable whenever a ventilator controls what?

Types of output control valves used in modern ventilators include all of the following except:

For which of the following uses might you consider the use of a purely pneumatically powered ventilator? I.as a backup to electrically powered ventilators II.when electrical device cannot be used (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging)III.during certain types of patient transport

A time-cycled constant flow generator is set up with a flow of 35 L/min and an inspiratory time of 1.7 seconds. What is the approximate VT?

During mechanical ventilation, what variable causes a breath to end?

What is the application of pressure above atmospheric at the airway throughout expiration during mechanical ventilation?

Which of the following modes is a good example of adaptive control?

Which of the following modes is commonly selected for patients with neuromuscular disorders?

If the pressure waveform of a ventilator remains the same when a patient's lung mechanics change, then what is the ventilator?

While observing a patient receiving ventilatory support, you notice that all delivered breaths are initiated or terminated by the machine. Which of the following modes of ventilatory support is in force?

You observe that a ventilator reaches a preset pressure early in inspiration but holds it for a specific time, after which inspiration ends. What mode of ventilatory support is in force?

What is the primary use of pressure support ventilation at low pressure levels?

During pressure-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine VT? I.pressure difference II.inspiratory time III.time constant

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the inspiratory time? I.volume II.flow III.rate

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

A time-cycled constant flow generator is set up with a flow of 35 L/min and an inspiratory time of 1.7 seconds. What is the approximate V_T?

During pressure-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine V_T? I.pressure difference II.inspiratory time III.time constant