Question 1

Given a constant carbon dioxide production, how will changing the level of VA affect the PaCO2?

Accepted Answer

A) A decrease in $\dot { V }$ A will decrease PaCO2. 
B) An increase in $\dot { V }$ A will decrease PaCO2. 
C) An increase in $\dot { V }$ A will increase PaCO2. 
D) PaCO2 is unaffected by changes in $\dot { V }$ A. 
A) A decrease in $\dot { V }$ A will decrease PaCO2. 
B) An increase in $\dot { V }$ A will decrease PaCO2. 
C) An increase in $\dot { V }$ A will increase PaCO2. 
D) PaCO2 is unaffected by changes in $\dot { V }$ A. B

Question 2

Which of the following statements apply to a lung unit with higher resistance than normal?

Accepted Answer

A) A given volume change will require less of a pressure change. 
B) It will fill and empty more rapidly than a normal lung unit. 
C) There will be less volume change for a given pressure change. 
D) Volume to this area will remain the same under all conditions. 
A) A given volume change will require less of a pressure change. 
B) It will fill and empty more rapidly than a normal lung unit. 
C) There will be less volume change for a given pressure change. 
D) Volume to this area will remain the same under all conditions. C

Question 3

How is airway resistance (Raw) computed?

Accepted Answer

A) change in pressure/change in volume 
B) change in pressure/flow 
C) change in volume / change in pressure 
D) change in volume/change in pressure 
A) change in pressure/change in volume 
B) change in pressure/flow 
C) change in volume / change in pressure 
D) change in volume/change in pressure B

Question 4

Hypoventilation is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased tidal volume 
B) low blood oxygen level 
C) very slow respiratory rate 
D) elevated blood carbon dioxide level 
A) decreased tidal volume 
B) low blood oxygen level 
C) very slow respiratory rate 
D) elevated blood carbon dioxide level

Question 5

In what portion of the lungs does alveolar dead space normally occur?

Accepted Answer

A) apices 
B) bases 
C) middle portions of the lungs 
D) terminal respiratory units 
A) apices 
B) bases 
C) middle portions of the lungs 
D) terminal respiratory units

Question 6

Under resting metabolic conditions, how much carbon dioxide does a normal adult produce per minute?

Accepted Answer

A) 150 ml/min 
B) 200 ml/min 
C) 250 ml/min 
D) 300 ml/min 
A) 150 ml/min 
B) 200 ml/min 
C) 250 ml/min 
D) 300 ml/min

Question 7

If a patient has a VT of 370 ml and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, what is the minute ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.40 L/min 
B) 3.70 L/min 
C) 6.45 L/min 
D) 7.40 L/min 
A) 2.40 L/min 
B) 3.70 L/min 
C) 6.45 L/min 
D) 7.40 L/min

Question 8

Compared to a normal individual, when a patient with a severe obstructive impairment such as emphysema increases ventilation, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbon dioxide production falls as anaerobic metabolism increases. 
B) Oxygen consumption increases at a faster rate than normal. 
C) Oxygen consumption rises faster than carbon dioxide production. 
D) The anaerobic threshold is reached later than normal. 
A) Carbon dioxide production falls as anaerobic metabolism increases. 
B) Oxygen consumption increases at a faster rate than normal. 
C) Oxygen consumption rises faster than carbon dioxide production. 
D) The anaerobic threshold is reached later than normal.

Question 9

Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for maintaining alveolar inflation?

Accepted Answer

A) transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) 
B) transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl -Pbs) 
C) transcanadian pressure gradient (Pca - Pks) 
D) transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv - Pao) 
A) transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) 
B) transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl -Pbs) 
C) transcanadian pressure gradient (Pca - Pks) 
D) transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv - Pao)

Question 10

During expiration, why does gas flow out from the lungs to the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) Palv is less than at the airway opening. 
B) Palv is the same as at the airway opening. 
C) Palv is greater than at the airway opening. 
D) Airway pressure is greater than Palv. 
A) Palv is less than at the airway opening. 
B) Palv is the same as at the airway opening. 
C) Palv is greater than at the airway opening. 
D) Airway pressure is greater than Palv.

Question 11

A patient in the pulmonary lab has the following test results: compliance of the lung (CL) = 0.20 L/cm H2O; compliance of the lung and thorax = 0.04 L/cm H2O. What is the patient's chest wall compliance?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.05 L/cm H2O 
B) 0.08 L/cm H2O 
C) 0.24 L/cm H2O 
D) 0.70 L/cm H2O 
A) 0.05 L/cm H2O 
B) 0.08 L/cm H2O 
C) 0.24 L/cm H2O 
D) 0.70 L/cm H2O

Question 12

In patients with small-airway disease breathing at higher than normal frequencies, what will NOT happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Dynamic compliance drops. 
B) Oxygen consumption decreases. 
C) The distribution of ventilation worsens. 
D) The work of breathing increases. 
A) Dynamic compliance drops. 
B) Oxygen consumption decreases. 
C) The distribution of ventilation worsens. 
D) The work of breathing increases.

Question 13

Exhalation below the resting level requires active muscular effort in order to overcome what tendency?

Accepted Answer

A) the airways to collapse 
B) the alveoli to expand 
C) the chest wall to expand 
D) the lungs to expand 
A) the airways to collapse 
B) the alveoli to expand 
C) the chest wall to expand 
D) the lungs to expand

Question 14

A fibrotic lung would exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased airway resistance 
B) decreased lung compliance 
C) decreased PVR 
D) decreased surface tension 
A) decreased airway resistance 
B) decreased lung compliance 
C) decreased PVR 
D) decreased surface tension

Question 15

During each cycle of normal resting ventilation, a volume of gas is moved into and out of the respiratory tract. This cyclical volume is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 
B) vital capacity (V
C)  
C) residual volume (RV) 
D) tidal volume (VT) 
A) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 
B) vital capacity (V
C)  
C) residual volume (RV) 
D) tidal volume (VT)

Question 16

For a given transpulmonary pressure gradient and inflation time, which of the following lung units would exhibit the greatest change in volume?

Accepted Answer

A) a unit with high resistance and low compliance 
B) a unit with high resistance and normal compliance 
C) a unit with normal resistance and low compliance 
D) a unit with normal resistance and normal compliance 
A) a unit with high resistance and low compliance 
B) a unit with high resistance and normal compliance 
C) a unit with normal resistance and low compliance 
D) a unit with normal resistance and normal compliance

Question 17

In health, about what proportion of the total work of breathing is attributable to frictional resistance to gas and tissue movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  $1 / 3$ 
B)  $1 / 2$ 
C)  $2 / 3$ 
D)  $3 / 4$ 
A)  $1 / 3$ 
B)  $1 / 2$ 
C)  $2 / 3$ 
D)  $3 / 4$

Question 18

Which of the following factors would tend to increase the elastic component of the work of breathing?
I.decreased compliance of the lungs or thorax
II.high frequencies of breathing
III.increased VT

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) I, II, and III 
C) II and III 
D) I and II 
A) I and III 
B) I, II, and III 
C) II and III 
D) I and II

Question 19

In clinical practice measuring the physiologic dead space ventilation is achieved by using which formula?

Accepted Answer

A) Bernoulli's equation 
B) modified Bohr equation 
C) modified Shunt equation 
D) Reynold's equation 
A) Bernoulli's equation 
B) modified Bohr equation 
C) modified Shunt equation 
D) Reynold's equation

Question 20

What is the primary function of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
B) filter pulmonary blood 
C) gas exchange 
D) remove carbon monoxide (CO) 
A) convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
B) filter pulmonary blood 
C) gas exchange 
D) remove carbon monoxide (CO)

Exam 10: Ventilation

Given a constant carbon dioxide production, how will changing the level of VA affect the PaCO2?

Which of the following statements apply to a lung unit with higher resistance than normal?

How is airway resistance (Raw) computed?

Hypoventilation is defined as:

In what portion of the lungs does alveolar dead space normally occur?

Under resting metabolic conditions, how much carbon dioxide does a normal adult produce per minute?

If a patient has a VT of 370 ml and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, what is the minute ventilation?

Compared to a normal individual, when a patient with a severe obstructive impairment such as emphysema increases ventilation, which of the following occurs?

Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for maintaining alveolar inflation?

During expiration, why does gas flow out from the lungs to the atmosphere?

A patient in the pulmonary lab has the following test results: compliance of the lung (CL) = 0.20 L/cm H2O; compliance of the lung and thorax = 0.04 L/cm H2O. What is the patient's chest wall compliance?

In patients with small-airway disease breathing at higher than normal frequencies, what will NOT happen?

Exhalation below the resting level requires active muscular effort in order to overcome what tendency?

A fibrotic lung would exhibit which of the following characteristics?

During each cycle of normal resting ventilation, a volume of gas is moved into and out of the respiratory tract. This cyclical volume is called the:

For a given transpulmonary pressure gradient and inflation time, which of the following lung units would exhibit the greatest change in volume?

In health, about what proportion of the total work of breathing is attributable to frictional resistance to gas and tissue movement?

Which of the following factors would tend to increase the elastic component of the work of breathing? I.decreased compliance of the lungs or thorax II.high frequencies of breathing III.increased VT

In clinical practice measuring the physiologic dead space ventilation is achieved by using which formula?

What is the primary function of the lungs?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Given a constant carbon dioxide production, how will changing the level of V_A affect the PaCO₂?

If a patient has a V_T of 370 ml and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, what is the minute ventilation?

A patient in the pulmonary lab has the following test results: compliance of the lung (C_L) = 0.20 L/cm H₂O; compliance of the lung and thorax = 0.04 L/cm H₂O. What is the patient's chest wall compliance?

Which of the following factors would tend to increase the elastic component of the work of breathing? I.decreased compliance of the lungs or thorax II.high frequencies of breathing III.increased V_T