Question 1

What is the primary risk factor associated with spontaneous pneumothoraces?

Accepted Answer

A) cigarette smoking 
B) heavy exercise 
C) obesity 
D) urban living 
A) cigarette smoking 
B) heavy exercise 
C) obesity 
D) urban living A

Question 2

What are the functions of a chest tube in a patient with chest trauma that causes bleeding and pneumothorax?
I.to measure the rate of bleeding
II.to improve ventilation
III.to allow lung reexpansion

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III only 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III only 
D) I, II, and III D

Question 3

A quick diagnosis based on clinical presentation can significantly improve the survival rates in patients with tension pneumothorax.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

At what point is intrapleural pressure most negative?

Accepted Answer

A) end exhalation 
B) FRC 
C) inspiration 
D) maximal expiration 
A) end exhalation 
B) FRC 
C) inspiration 
D) maximal expiration

Question 5

Which of the following findings on a radiologic report would indicate the presence of a tension pneumothorax?

Accepted Answer

A) bilateral inversion of diaphragm, long narrow heart, flattened ribs 
B) blunting of costophrenic angles, marked interstitial infiltrates, apical free air 
C) contralateral mediastinal shift, diaphragmatic depression, flattening of ribs 
D) ipsilateral mediastinal shift, sail-shape noted right hemithorax, marked interstitial infiltrates right sided 
A) bilateral inversion of diaphragm, long narrow heart, flattened ribs 
B) blunting of costophrenic angles, marked interstitial infiltrates, apical free air 
C) contralateral mediastinal shift, diaphragmatic depression, flattening of ribs 
D) ipsilateral mediastinal shift, sail-shape noted right hemithorax, marked interstitial infiltrates right sided

Question 6

What is the most likely cause of a large unilateral pleural effusion in a 70 year old patient?

Accepted Answer

A) congestive heart failure 
B) malignancy 
C) pneumonia 
D) tuberculosis 
A) congestive heart failure 
B) malignancy 
C) pneumonia 
D) tuberculosis

Question 7

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in a patient with no previous underlying lung disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The pleural effusions associated with heart failure are rarely drained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When using a small-bore catheter with a one-way valve such as a Heimlich valve, how can you determine definitively that there is or is not a small air leak?

Accepted Answer

A) Connect to an underwater seal. 
B) Increase the FIO2 and note clinical changes. 
C) Listen for air movement. 
D) Watch the valve to see if it moves. 
A) Connect to an underwater seal. 
B) Increase the FIO2 and note clinical changes. 
C) Listen for air movement. 
D) Watch the valve to see if it moves.

Question 10

In what age group is a primary spontaneous pneumothorax most commonly seen?

Accepted Answer

A) under 15 years 
B) 18 to 25 years 
C) 35 to 45 years 
D) over 60 years 
A) under 15 years 
B) 18 to 25 years 
C) 35 to 45 years 
D) over 60 years

Question 11

What complication often occurs following rapid lung reexpansion due to the evacuation of air or fluid from the pleural space?

Accepted Answer

A) arrhythmias 
B) pulmonary edema 
C) pulmonary emboli 
D) systemic hypotension 
A) arrhythmias 
B) pulmonary edema 
C) pulmonary emboli 
D) systemic hypotension

Question 12

What diagnostic procedure or technique is most sensitive for the identification of pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

A) chest radiography 
B) computed tomography 
C) pleurodesis 
D) thoracoscopy 
A) chest radiography 
B) computed tomography 
C) pleurodesis 
D) thoracoscopy

Question 13

What is the primary tool used to diagnosis a pneumothorax?

Accepted Answer

A) chest radiography 
B) computed tomography 
C) PET scan 
D) ultrasonography 
A) chest radiography 
B) computed tomography 
C) PET scan 
D) ultrasonography

Question 14

Which of the following could be early warning signs that a pneumothorax is enlarging?
I.decreased pulse oximetryt reading
II.development of a fever
III.increased respiratory rate
IV.mental confusion

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I and III 
C) II only 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I and III 
C) II only 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 15

Which of the following statements about pleural fluid is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid can move easily between each hemithorax. 
B) Normal protein concentration is between 1.3 and 1.4 g/dl. 
C) The total volume is approximately 16 ml. 
D) Total protein concentration is similar to that of interstitial fluid elsewhere in the body. 
A) Fluid can move easily between each hemithorax. 
B) Normal protein concentration is between 1.3 and 1.4 g/dl. 
C) The total volume is approximately 16 ml. 
D) Total protein concentration is similar to that of interstitial fluid elsewhere in the body.

Question 16

What is the most common cause of hemothorax?

Accepted Answer

A) chest trauma 
B) malignancy 
C) pulmonary embolism 
D) surgery 
A) chest trauma 
B) malignancy 
C) pulmonary embolism 
D) surgery

Question 17

Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with exudative pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

A) cirrhosis of the liver 
B) congestive heart failure 
C) nephrotic syndrome 
D) tuberculosis 
A) cirrhosis of the liver 
B) congestive heart failure 
C) nephrotic syndrome 
D) tuberculosis

Question 18

What type of pleural problem is most likely to develop from rupture of the thoracic duct?

Accepted Answer

A) chylothorax 
B) hemothorax 
C) hydrothorax 
D) pneumothorax 
A) chylothorax 
B) hemothorax 
C) hydrothorax 
D) pneumothorax

Question 19

If accurate sizing on a pneumothorax is desired, what diagnostic technique would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) chest radiography 
B) computed tomography 
C) PET scan 
D) ultrasonography 
A) chest radiography 
B) computed tomography 
C) PET scan 
D) ultrasonography

Question 20

What is a common cause of persistent fever in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A) congestive heart failure 
B) most exudative effusions 
C) parapneumonic effusions 
D) transudative effusions 
A) congestive heart failure 
B) most exudative effusions 
C) parapneumonic effusions 
D) transudative effusions

Exam 25: Pleural Diseases

What is the primary risk factor associated with spontaneous pneumothoraces?

What are the functions of a chest tube in a patient with chest trauma that causes bleeding and pneumothorax? I.to measure the rate of bleeding II.to improve ventilation III.to allow lung reexpansion

A quick diagnosis based on clinical presentation can significantly improve the survival rates in patients with tension pneumothorax.

At what point is intrapleural pressure most negative?

Which of the following findings on a radiologic report would indicate the presence of a tension pneumothorax?

What is the most likely cause of a large unilateral pleural effusion in a 70 year old patient?

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in a patient with no previous underlying lung disease.

The pleural effusions associated with heart failure are rarely drained.

When using a small-bore catheter with a one-way valve such as a Heimlich valve, how can you determine definitively that there is or is not a small air leak?

In what age group is a primary spontaneous pneumothorax most commonly seen?

What complication often occurs following rapid lung reexpansion due to the evacuation of air or fluid from the pleural space?

What diagnostic procedure or technique is most sensitive for the identification of pleural effusion?

What is the primary tool used to diagnosis a pneumothorax?

Which of the following could be early warning signs that a pneumothorax is enlarging? I.decreased pulse oximetryt reading II.development of a fever III.increased respiratory rate IV.mental confusion

Which of the following statements about pleural fluid is FALSE?

What is the most common cause of hemothorax?

Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with exudative pleural effusion?

What type of pleural problem is most likely to develop from rupture of the thoracic duct?

If accurate sizing on a pneumothorax is desired, what diagnostic technique would be most appropriate?

What is a common cause of persistent fever in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with pneumonia?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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