Question 1

What major modification from adult methods should be used when applying postural drainage to infants or small children?

Accepted Answer

A) Use longer drainage times for each lobe or segment. 
B) Always administer supplemental oxygen during drainage. 
C) Drain only the lower lobes and segments of the lung. 
D) Drain only the upper lobes and segments of the lung. 
A) Use longer drainage times for each lobe or segment. 
B) Always administer supplemental oxygen during drainage. 
C) Drain only the lower lobes and segments of the lung. 
D) Drain only the upper lobes and segments of the lung. B

Question 2

What is the normal arterial PO2 in healthy infants?

Accepted Answer

A) >50 mm Hg 
B) >60 mm Hg 
C) >70 mm Hg 
D) >80 mm Hg 
A) >50 mm Hg 
B) >60 mm Hg 
C) >70 mm Hg 
D) >80 mm Hg B

Question 3

Which of the following is a common role of the respiratory therapist on a transport team?
I.mechanical ventilation
II.ECMO
III.intubation and airway management

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II only 
C) I and III only 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I only 
B) I and II only 
C) I and III only 
D) I, II, and III C

Question 4

What positive end-expiratory pressure level is commonly used in pediatric patients during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 to 3 cm H2O 
B) 3 to 5 cm H2O 
C) 5 to 8 cm H2O 
D) 10 to 12 cm H2O 
A) 1 to 3 cm H2O 
B) 3 to 5 cm H2O 
C) 5 to 8 cm H2O 
D) 10 to 12 cm H2O

Question 5

Which of the following is not an inclusion criterion for neonatal ECMO?

Accepted Answer

A) reversible lung disease 
B) gestational age less than 35 weeks 
C) pulmonary barotrauma 
D) persistent acidosis 
A) reversible lung disease 
B) gestational age less than 35 weeks 
C) pulmonary barotrauma 
D) persistent acidosis

Question 6

Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the outcomes of pregnancy?
I.maternal age
II.prior maternal disease
III.maternal drug use
IV.maternal birth history

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) I, II, III, and IV 
D) III and IV 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) I, II, III, and IV 
D) III and IV

Question 7

In high-frequency ventilation (HFV), CO2 elimination depends mainly on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) pressure amplitude 
B) mean airway pressure 
C) high-frequency rate 
D) sinusoidal waveform 
A) pressure amplitude 
B) mean airway pressure 
C) high-frequency rate 
D) sinusoidal waveform

Question 8

Which of the following vacuum settings would you use to perform nasopharyngeal or nasotracheal suctioning of a 5-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

A) -100 to -120 mm Hg 
B) -80 to -100 mm Hg 
C) -40 to -60 mm Hg 
D) -60 to -80 mm Hg 
A) -100 to -120 mm Hg 
B) -80 to -100 mm Hg 
C) -40 to -60 mm Hg 
D) -60 to -80 mm Hg

Question 9

Which of the following aerosol devices would you recommend to administer a bronchodilator to a 15-day-old baby who is spontaneously breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) SVN 
B) MDI 
C) DPI 
D) MDI with spacer 
A) SVN 
B) MDI 
C) DPI 
D) MDI with spacer

Question 10

Which of the following is not a common indication for ECMO?

Accepted Answer

A) persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) 
B) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 
C) meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) 
D) congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) 
A) persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) 
B) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 
C) meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) 
D) congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)

Question 11

Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary maturity before birth?

Accepted Answer

A) blood gas analysis 
B) ultrasonography 
C) maternal history 
D) amniocentesis 
A) blood gas analysis 
B) ultrasonography 
C) maternal history 
D) amniocentesis

Question 12

Which of the following may indicate a decrease in systemic vascular blood flow during high-frequency ventilation?
I.high central venous pressure (CVP)II.low CVP
III.decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP)IV.increased MAP

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 13

You notice in drawing (retractions) of chest-wall muscle and tissue between the ribs, and above and below the sternum, all occurring during inspiration. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

Accepted Answer

A) airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B) lung compliance (CL) is decreased. 
C) work of breathing is decreased. 
D) chest-wall compliance is decreased. 
A) airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B) lung compliance (CL) is decreased. 
C) work of breathing is decreased. 
D) chest-wall compliance is decreased.

Question 14

Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?

Accepted Answer

A) <7.1 
B) <7.2 
C) <7.3 
D) <7.4 
A) <7.1 
B) <7.2 
C) <7.3 
D) <7.4

Question 15

Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions?
I.uteroplacental insufficiency
II.umbilical cord compression
III.normal contraction
IV.maternal bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 16

You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation "preterm, AGA." Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 10th and 90th percentiles. 
B) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 10th and 50th percentiles. 
C) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 50th and 90th percentiles. 
D) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 10th and 20th percentiles. 
A) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 10th and 90th percentiles. 
B) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 10th and 50th percentiles. 
C) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 50th and 90th percentiles. 
D) This is an infant whose weight falls between the 10th and 20th percentiles.

Question 17

Venoarterial is the preferred method for use of ECMO when cardiovascular support is not required.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What physiologic effect does inhaled nitric oxide have on the lung?

Accepted Answer

A) pulmonary vasoconstriction 
B) pulmonary vasodilation 
C) smooth muscle dilation 
D) improved mucociliary clearance 
A) pulmonary vasoconstriction 
B) pulmonary vasodilation 
C) smooth muscle dilation 
D) improved mucociliary clearance

Question 19

Which of the following oxygen modalities would you recommend for a toddler needing a low FIO2?

Accepted Answer

A) mist tent 
B) cannula 
C) Oxy-Hood 
D) mask 
A) mist tent 
B) cannula 
C) Oxy-Hood 
D) mask

Question 20

The most probable explanation for the flip-flop phenomenon in the newborn is:

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen toxicity 
B) right-to-left shunting 
C) cardiac disease 
D) reactive pulmonary vasoconstriction 
A) oxygen toxicity 
B) right-to-left shunting 
C) cardiac disease 
D) reactive pulmonary vasoconstriction

Exam 48: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

What major modification from adult methods should be used when applying postural drainage to infants or small children?

What is the normal arterial PO2 in healthy infants?

Which of the following is a common role of the respiratory therapist on a transport team? I.mechanical ventilation II.ECMO III.intubation and airway management

What positive end-expiratory pressure level is commonly used in pediatric patients during mechanical ventilation?

Which of the following is not an inclusion criterion for neonatal ECMO?

Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the outcomes of pregnancy? I.maternal age II.prior maternal disease III.maternal drug use IV.maternal birth history

In high-frequency ventilation (HFV), CO2 elimination depends mainly on which of the following?

Which of the following vacuum settings would you use to perform nasopharyngeal or nasotracheal suctioning of a 5-year-old child?

Which of the following aerosol devices would you recommend to administer a bronchodilator to a 15-day-old baby who is spontaneously breathing?

Which of the following is not a common indication for ECMO?

Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary maturity before birth?

Which of the following may indicate a decrease in systemic vascular blood flow during high-frequency ventilation? I.high central venous pressure (CVP)II.low CVP III.decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP)IV.increased MAP

You notice in drawing (retractions) of chest-wall muscle and tissue between the ribs, and above and below the sternum, all occurring during inspiration. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?

Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions? I.uteroplacental insufficiency II.umbilical cord compression III.normal contraction IV.maternal bradycardia

You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation "preterm, AGA." Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?

Venoarterial is the preferred method for use of ECMO when cardiovascular support is not required.

What physiologic effect does inhaled nitric oxide have on the lung?

Which of the following oxygen modalities would you recommend for a toddler needing a low FIO2?

The most probable explanation for the flip-flop phenomenon in the newborn is:

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

What is the normal arterial PO₂ in healthy infants?

In high-frequency ventilation (HFV), CO₂ elimination depends mainly on which of the following?

Which of the following oxygen modalities would you recommend for a toddler needing a low FIO₂?