Question 1

Which of the following sizes (internal diameter) of endotracheal tubes would you select to intubate a 4-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 mm 
B) 4 mm 
C) 5 mm 
D) 7 mm 
A) 3 mm 
B) 4 mm 
C) 5 mm 
D) 7 mm

Question 2

Tachypnea in the newborn is defined as a respiratory rate greater than what level?

Accepted Answer

A) 40/min 
B) 50/min 
C) 60/min 
D) 70/min 
A) 40/min 
B) 50/min 
C) 60/min 
D) 70/min

Question 3

Which of the following is considered a limitation of the high-flow nasal cannula?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not meet patient's flow needs. 
B) The amount of airway positive pressure cannot be measured. 
C) It does not provide for appropriate CO2 clearance. 
D) It does not reduce the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. 
A) It does not meet patient's flow needs. 
B) The amount of airway positive pressure cannot be measured. 
C) It does not provide for appropriate CO2 clearance. 
D) It does not reduce the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation.

Question 4

What is the recommended dose of inhaled NO?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 parts per million (ppm) 
B) 20 ppm 
C) 30 ppm 
D) 40 ppm 
A) 10 parts per million (ppm) 
B) 20 ppm 
C) 30 ppm 
D) 40 ppm

Question 5

Signs of infant respiratory distress that indicate a potential need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) include which of the following?
I.cyanosis
II.radiograph indicating hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome
III.grunting
IV.severe retractions

Accepted Answer

A) III and IV 
B) I, II, and III 
C) II and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) III and IV 
B) I, II, and III 
C) II and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 6

You detect a "bounding" peripheral pulse on a newborn infant. Based on this finding, what should you suspect?

Accepted Answer

A) patent ductus arteriosus 
B) peripheral vasoconstriction 
C) coarctation of the aorta 
D) peripheral vasodilation 
A) patent ductus arteriosus 
B) peripheral vasoconstriction 
C) coarctation of the aorta 
D) peripheral vasodilation

Question 7

Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A) Dubowitz 
B) Adams 
C) Apgar 
D) Perkinson 
A) Dubowitz 
B) Adams 
C) Apgar 
D) Perkinson

Question 8

Which of the following mean airway pressures is considered potentially deleterious when applying positive airway pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 cm H2O 
B) 5 cm H2O 
C) 10 cm H2O 
D) 15 cm H2O 
A) 2 cm H2O 
B) 5 cm H2O 
C) 10 cm H2O 
D) 15 cm H2O

Question 9

What initial inspiratory time range would you suggest for a term newborn infant being placed on time-cycled, pressure-limited ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.25 to 0.30 second 
B) 0.30 to 0.50 second 
C) 0.50 to 0.70 second 
D) 0.70 to 1.00 second 
A) 0.25 to 0.30 second 
B) 0.30 to 0.50 second 
C) 0.50 to 0.70 second 
D) 0.70 to 1.00 second

Question 10

In which of the following conditions may bronchial hygiene therapy be considered for infants or children?
I.hyaline membrane disease
II.foreign body aspiration
III.cystic fibrosis
IV.bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Accepted Answer

A) II and IV 
B) I, III, and IV 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) II and IV 
B) I, III, and IV 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 11

What VT range should be used for mechanical ventilation of a neonate?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 7 ml/kg 
B) 6 to 8 ml/kg 
C) 8 to 10 ml/kg 
D) 10 to 12 ml/kg 
A) 5 to 7 ml/kg 
B) 6 to 8 ml/kg 
C) 8 to 10 ml/kg 
D) 10 to 12 ml/kg

Question 12

Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:

Accepted Answer

A) fetal stress 
B) decelerations 
C) primary apnea 
D) secondary bradycardia 
A) fetal stress 
B) decelerations 
C) primary apnea 
D) secondary bradycardia

Question 13

Research has shown that the growing lung is more sensitive to oxygen toxicity than the adult lung.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

At 1 minute after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the infant's 1-minute Apgar score?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6

Question 15

You notice paradoxical breathing. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

Accepted Answer

A) airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B) lung compliance (CL) is increased. 
C) work of breathing is increased. 
D) chest-wall compliance is decreased. 
A) airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B) lung compliance (CL) is increased. 
C) work of breathing is increased. 
D) chest-wall compliance is decreased.

Question 16

During resuscitation of a newborn, after 15 to 30 seconds of positive-pressure ventilation, what should the clinician do?

Accepted Answer

A) Evaluate the heart rate. 
B) Suction the mouth, then the nose. 
C) Begin chest compressions. 
D) Initiate medications. 
A) Evaluate the heart rate. 
B) Suction the mouth, then the nose. 
C) Begin chest compressions. 
D) Initiate medications.

Question 17

What FIO2 should be used in neonates prior to endotracheal suctioning?

Accepted Answer

A) same FIO2 on the ventilator 
B) always 100% 
C) FIO2 10% to 15% higher than FIO2 set in the ventilator 
D) low FIO2 to prevent retinopathy of prematurity 
A) same FIO2 on the ventilator 
B) always 100% 
C) FIO2 10% to 15% higher than FIO2 set in the ventilator 
D) low FIO2 to prevent retinopathy of prematurity

Exam 48: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Which of the following sizes (internal diameter) of endotracheal tubes would you select to intubate a 4-year-old child?

Tachypnea in the newborn is defined as a respiratory rate greater than what level?

Which of the following is considered a limitation of the high-flow nasal cannula?

What is the recommended dose of inhaled NO?

Signs of infant respiratory distress that indicate a potential need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) include which of the following? I.cyanosis II.radiograph indicating hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome III.grunting IV.severe retractions

You detect a "bounding" peripheral pulse on a newborn infant. Based on this finding, what should you suspect?

Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?

Which of the following mean airway pressures is considered potentially deleterious when applying positive airway pressure?

What initial inspiratory time range would you suggest for a term newborn infant being placed on time-cycled, pressure-limited ventilation?

In which of the following conditions may bronchial hygiene therapy be considered for infants or children? I.hyaline membrane disease II.foreign body aspiration III.cystic fibrosis IV.bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

What VT range should be used for mechanical ventilation of a neonate?

Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:

Research has shown that the growing lung is more sensitive to oxygen toxicity than the adult lung.

At 1 minute after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the infant's 1-minute Apgar score?

You notice paradoxical breathing. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

During resuscitation of a newborn, after 15 to 30 seconds of positive-pressure ventilation, what should the clinician do?

What FIO2 should be used in neonates prior to endotracheal suctioning?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

What V_T range should be used for mechanical ventilation of a neonate?

What FIO₂ should be used in neonates prior to endotracheal suctioning?