Question 1

During mechanical ventilation, a mandatory breath is defined as one that is:

Accepted Answer

A) initiated or terminated by the machine 
B) initiated and terminated by the machine 
C) initiated and terminated by the patient 
D) begun according to a preset time interval 
A) initiated or terminated by the machine 
B) initiated and terminated by the machine 
C) initiated and terminated by the patient 
D) begun according to a preset time interval A

Question 2

A ventilator that controls pressure and delivers a rectangular pressure waveform will also exhibit what waveform?

Accepted Answer

A) exponential (rise) volume 
B) rectangular flow 
C) ascending ramp pressure 
D) sinusoidal flow 
A) exponential (rise) volume 
B) rectangular flow 
C) ascending ramp pressure 
D) sinusoidal flow A

Question 3

During volume control ventilation, the clinician has control over which of the following?
I.pressure waveform
II.volume waveform
III.flow waveform

Accepted Answer

A) I or II 
B) II or III 
C) II 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I or II 
B) II or III 
C) II 
D) I, II, and III B

Question 4

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the total cycle time?
I.volume
II.flow
III.rate

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III only 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) III only 
D) I, II, and III

Question 5

A ventilator's pressure waveform changes when a patient's lung mechanics change, but its volume waveform remains the same. The device does not directly control the delivered volume. What is this ventilator?

Accepted Answer

A) volume controller 
B) pressure controller 
C) time controller 
D) flow controller 
A) volume controller 
B) pressure controller 
C) time controller 
D) flow controller

Question 6

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine I:E ratio?
I.volume
II.flow
III.rate

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 7

Which of the following ventilators is the simplest example of a true flow controller?

Accepted Answer

A) Newport Wave 
B) Bear 1 
C) Emerson 3-PV 
D) Sechrist 
A) Newport Wave 
B) Bear 1 
C) Emerson 3-PV 
D) Sechrist

Question 8

A patient receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode has an inspiratory time of 1.5 seconds and an expiratory time of 2.5 seconds. What is the frequency of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) 10/min 
B) 12/min 
C) 15/min 
D) 18/min 
A) 10/min 
B) 12/min 
C) 15/min 
D) 18/min

Question 9

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 12/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 33%. What is the expiratory time?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.65 seconds 
B) 2.45 seconds 
C) 3.35 seconds 
D) 3.85 seconds 
A) 1.65 seconds 
B) 2.45 seconds 
C) 3.35 seconds 
D) 3.85 seconds

Question 10

A ventilator that controls flow and delivers a rectangular flow waveform will also exhibit what waveform?

Accepted Answer

A) exponential (rise) volume 
B) rectangular pressure 
C) ascending ramp pressure 
D) descending ramp volume 
A) exponential (rise) volume 
B) rectangular pressure 
C) ascending ramp pressure 
D) descending ramp volume

Question 11

Compared to using pressure as the trigger variable, what is the major advantage of flow-triggering?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased work of breathing 
B) improved minute ventilation (V
E)  
C) decreased physiologic dead space 
D) improved arterial oxygenation 
A) decreased work of breathing 
B) improved minute ventilation (V
E)  
C) decreased physiologic dead space 
D) improved arterial oxygenation

Question 12

When using pressure as the trigger variable, where do you typically set the trigger level?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 to 1.5 cm H2O below the baseline expiratory pressure 
B) 0.5 to 1.5 cm H2O above the baseline expiratory pressure 
C) 2.0 to 3.5 cm H2O below the baseline expiratory pressure 
D) 2.0 to 3.5 cm H2O above the baseline expiratory pressure 
A) 0.5 to 1.5 cm H2O below the baseline expiratory pressure 
B) 0.5 to 1.5 cm H2O above the baseline expiratory pressure 
C) 2.0 to 3.5 cm H2O below the baseline expiratory pressure 
D) 2.0 to 3.5 cm H2O above the baseline expiratory pressure

Question 13

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the machine-delivered minute volume?
I.volume
II.flow
III.rate

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 14

Primary drive mechanisms used by modern ventilators include which of the following?
I. compressed gas or reducing valve
II. hydraulic or fluidic compressor
III. electrical motor or compressor

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 15

A ventilator can derive its input power from which of the following sources?
I.alternating current (AC) electricity
II.battery
III.pneumatic

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 16

Which of the following types of ventilators would you select for use during an MRI procedure?
I.electronically controlled
II.pneumatically controlled
III.fluidically controlled
IV.electrically controlled

Accepted Answer

A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 17

What ventilatory variable reaches and maintains a preset level before inspiration ends?

Accepted Answer

A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline 
A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline

Question 18

Spontaneous breath modes include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) pressure support ventilation (PSV) 
B) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C) bilevel CPAP (BiPAP) 
D) continuous mandatory ventilation assist-control 
A) pressure support ventilation (PSV) 
B) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C) bilevel CPAP (BiPAP) 
D) continuous mandatory ventilation assist-control

Question 19

A mode that allows spontaneously breathing patients to breathe at a positive-pressure level, but drops briefly to a reduced pressure level for CO2 elimination during each breathing cycle is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) airway pressure release ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) continuous spontaneous ventilation 
A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) airway pressure release ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) continuous spontaneous ventilation

Question 20

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation through a constant flow generator in the control mode at a rate of 20/min with a VT of 750 mL. The inspiratory time is 1 second. What is the flow?

Accepted Answer

A) 15 L/min 
B) 30 L/min 
C) 45 L/min 
D) 60 L/min 
A) 15 L/min 
B) 30 L/min 
C) 45 L/min 
D) 60 L/min

Exam 42: Mechanical Ventilators

During mechanical ventilation, a mandatory breath is defined as one that is:

A ventilator that controls pressure and delivers a rectangular pressure waveform will also exhibit what waveform?

During volume control ventilation, the clinician has control over which of the following? I.pressure waveform II.volume waveform III.flow waveform

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the total cycle time? I.volume II.flow III.rate

A ventilator's pressure waveform changes when a patient's lung mechanics change, but its volume waveform remains the same. The device does not directly control the delivered volume. What is this ventilator?

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine I:E ratio? I.volume II.flow III.rate

Which of the following ventilators is the simplest example of a true flow controller?

A patient receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode has an inspiratory time of 1.5 seconds and an expiratory time of 2.5 seconds. What is the frequency of breathing?

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 12/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 33%. What is the expiratory time?

A ventilator that controls flow and delivers a rectangular flow waveform will also exhibit what waveform?

Compared to using pressure as the trigger variable, what is the major advantage of flow-triggering?

When using pressure as the trigger variable, where do you typically set the trigger level?

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the machine-delivered minute volume? I.volume II.flow III.rate

Primary drive mechanisms used by modern ventilators include which of the following? I. compressed gas or reducing valve II. hydraulic or fluidic compressor III. electrical motor or compressor

A ventilator can derive its input power from which of the following sources? I.alternating current (AC) electricity II.battery III.pneumatic

Which of the following types of ventilators would you select for use during an MRI procedure? I.electronically controlled II.pneumatically controlled III.fluidically controlled IV.electrically controlled

What ventilatory variable reaches and maintains a preset level before inspiration ends?

Spontaneous breath modes include all of the following except:

A mode that allows spontaneously breathing patients to breathe at a positive-pressure level, but drops briefly to a reduced pressure level for CO2 elimination during each breathing cycle is also known as:

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation through a constant flow generator in the control mode at a rate of 20/min with a VT of 750 mL. The inspiratory time is 1 second. What is the flow?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

A mode that allows spontaneously breathing patients to breathe at a positive-pressure level, but drops briefly to a reduced pressure level for CO₂ elimination during each breathing cycle is also known as:

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation through a constant flow generator in the control mode at a rate of 20/min with a V_T of 750 mL. The inspiratory time is 1 second. What is the flow?