Question 1

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 10/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 25%. What is the I:E ratio?

Accepted Answer

A) 1:3 
B) 1:2 
C) 1:4 
D) 1:1 
A) 1:3 
B) 1:2 
C) 1:4 
D) 1:1

Question 2

Which of the following is false about the application of flow triggering on a mechanical ventilator?

Accepted Answer

A) The ventilator measures both input and output flow. 
B) Between patient breaths, input flow exceeds output flow. 
C) A relative drop in output flow triggers the machine to turn on. 
D) Gas flows continuously through the ventilator circuit. 
A) The ventilator measures both input and output flow. 
B) Between patient breaths, input flow exceeds output flow. 
C) A relative drop in output flow triggers the machine to turn on. 
D) Gas flows continuously through the ventilator circuit.

Question 3

What is the default baseline value during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B) zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) 
C) negative end-expiratory pressure (NEEP) 
D) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
A) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B) zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) 
C) negative end-expiratory pressure (NEEP) 
D) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 4

Mean airway pressure is lowest with what waveform?

Accepted Answer

A) sinusoidal flow 
B) rectangular flow 
C) ascending ramp flow 
D) descending ramp flow 
A) sinusoidal flow 
B) rectangular flow 
C) ascending ramp flow 
D) descending ramp flow

Question 5

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 15/min. The inspiratory time is 0.8 second. What is the expiratory time?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.2 seconds 
B) 2.8 seconds 
C) 2.4 seconds 
D) 4.2 seconds 
A) 3.2 seconds 
B) 2.8 seconds 
C) 2.4 seconds 
D) 4.2 seconds

Question 6

What parameter serves as the baseline variable on all modern ventilators?

Accepted Answer

A) pressure 
B) flow 
C) time 
D) volume 
A) pressure 
B) flow 
C) time 
D) volume

Question 7

Which of the following can be used by a ventilator as a conditional variable?
I.volume
II.pressure
III.flow
IV.time

Accepted Answer

A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 8

Which of the following ventilator control systems is NOT considered closed loop?

Accepted Answer

A) orientation based 
B) servo 
C) adaptive 
D) optimal 
A) orientation based 
B) servo 
C) adaptive 
D) optimal

Question 9

A patient receiving time-triggered continuous mechanical ventilation at a preset rate of 10/min stops breathing. Which of the following will occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The high-pressure limit alarm will sound (if properly set). 
B) The patient will continue to receive 10 breaths/min. 
C) The low tidal volume (VT) alarm will sound (if properly set). 
D) Ventilation will drop to zero and the apnea alarm will sound. 
A) The high-pressure limit alarm will sound (if properly set). 
B) The patient will continue to receive 10 breaths/min. 
C) The low tidal volume (VT) alarm will sound (if properly set). 
D) Ventilation will drop to zero and the apnea alarm will sound.

Question 10

What is the primary physiological effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

Accepted Answer

A) increase the functional residual capacity (FR
C)  
B) increase the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 
C) decrease the compliance of the lung (CL) 
D) increase the length of expiration 
A) increase the functional residual capacity (FR
C)  
B) increase the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 
C) decrease the compliance of the lung (CL) 
D) increase the length of expiration

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the relationship between flow and volume?
I.	Volume is the integral of flow.
II.	Volume is the derivative of flow.
III.	Flow is the derivative of volume.

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 12

Which of the following is an advantage of intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) over continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)?

Accepted Answer

A) IMV does not encourage activity of the ventilatory muscles. 
B) CMV allows the patient to set the ventilatory pattern. 
C) IMV results in lower pleural pressures for a given VE. 
D) IMV results in a much faster weaning. 
A) IMV does not encourage activity of the ventilatory muscles. 
B) CMV allows the patient to set the ventilatory pattern. 
C) IMV results in lower pleural pressures for a given VE. 
D) IMV results in a much faster weaning.

Question 13

In which of the following modes inspiration ends when flow decays to some preset value?

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) pressure support ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) airway pressure release ventilation 
A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) pressure support ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) airway pressure release ventilation

Question 14

Which of the following major categories of ventilator function are useful in classifying ventilators?
I.control scheme
II.power conversion
III.ventilator output

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 15

During mechanical ventilation, what variable causes a breath to begin?

Accepted Answer

A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline 
A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline

Question 16

According to the equation of motion of the respiratory system, a ventilator can control all of the following variables except:

Accepted Answer

A) volume 
B) resistance 
C) pressure 
D) flow 
A) volume 
B) resistance 
C) pressure 
D) flow

Question 17

Which of the following are characteristic of a ventilator that functions as a true volume controller?
I.	Its pressure waveform changes with changes in lung mechanics.
II.	It measures and uses volume to control the volume waveform.
III.	Its volume waveform stays constant with changes in lung mechanics.

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 18

In which of the following situations is pressure-controlled ventilation sometimes used?
I.when a precise PaCO2 has to be maintained (some closed-head injuries)
II.when more even distribution of ventilation is required
III.when ventilating patients with severe, refractory hypoxemia
IV.when tidal volume in unstable due to leaks

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) III and IV 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I, III, and IV 
A) I and II 
B) III and IV 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I, III, and IV

Question 19

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the expiratory time?
I.volume
II.flow
III.rate

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 20

Which of the following parameters can serve as the cycle variable during ventilatory support?
I.volume
II.pressure
III.flow
IV.time

Accepted Answer

A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Exam 42: Mechanical Ventilators

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 10/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 25%. What is the I:E ratio?

Which of the following is false about the application of flow triggering on a mechanical ventilator?

What is the default baseline value during mechanical ventilation?

Mean airway pressure is lowest with what waveform?

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 15/min. The inspiratory time is 0.8 second. What is the expiratory time?

What parameter serves as the baseline variable on all modern ventilators?

Which of the following can be used by a ventilator as a conditional variable? I.volume II.pressure III.flow IV.time

Which of the following ventilator control systems is NOT considered closed loop?

A patient receiving time-triggered continuous mechanical ventilation at a preset rate of 10/min stops breathing. Which of the following will occur?

What is the primary physiological effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

Which of the following is true of the relationship between flow and volume? I. Volume is the integral of flow. II. Volume is the derivative of flow. III. Flow is the derivative of volume.

Which of the following is an advantage of intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) over continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)?

In which of the following modes inspiration ends when flow decays to some preset value?

Which of the following major categories of ventilator function are useful in classifying ventilators? I.control scheme II.power conversion III.ventilator output

During mechanical ventilation, what variable causes a breath to begin?

According to the equation of motion of the respiratory system, a ventilator can control all of the following variables except:

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine the expiratory time? I.volume II.flow III.rate

Which of the following parameters can serve as the cycle variable during ventilatory support? I.volume II.pressure III.flow IV.time

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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