Question 1

If a ventilator, not the patient, initiates a breath, what is the trigger variable?

Accepted Answer

A) time 
B) pressure 
C) flow 
D) volume 
A) time 
B) pressure 
C) flow 
D) volume

Question 2

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 10/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 40%. What is the inspiratory time?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.60 seconds 
B) 1.85 seconds 
C) 2.40 seconds 
D) 3.50 seconds 
A) 1.60 seconds 
B) 1.85 seconds 
C) 2.40 seconds 
D) 3.50 seconds

Question 3

A volume-cycled ventilator has a rate knob for setting the controlled frequency of breathing. If this control is set to 12/min, which of the following other settings will determine the inspiratory and expiratory times?
I.FIO2
II.flow
III.volume

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 4

To describe what happens during the expiratory phase of mechanical ventilation, you must know the value of which variable?

Accepted Answer

A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline 
A) limit 
B) cycle 
C) trigger 
D) baseline

Question 5

The volume waveform generated by a ventilator remains the same against changing lung mechanics. Which of the following parameters might this device be controlling?
I.volume
II.flow
III.pressure

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 6

Peak airway pressure is highest with what waveform?

Accepted Answer

A) sinusoidal flow 
B) rectangular flow 
C) ascending ramp flow 
D) descending ramp flow 
A) sinusoidal flow 
B) rectangular flow 
C) ascending ramp flow 
D) descending ramp flow

Question 7

Pure time-triggered ventilation is the same as what type of ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) assist 
B) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) assist and control 
D) proportional assist 
A) assist 
B) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) assist and control 
D) proportional assist

Question 8

Mean airway pressure is highest with what waveform?

Accepted Answer

A) rectangular flow 
B) rectangular pressure 
C) ascending ramp flow 
D) sinusoidal flow 
A) rectangular flow 
B) rectangular pressure 
C) ascending ramp flow 
D) sinusoidal flow

Question 9

Which of the following ventilators is controlled by fluidic logic systems?

Accepted Answer

A) Siemens 300 
B) Sechrist IV-100B 
C) Bird 8400ST 
D) Bear 1000 
A) Siemens 300 
B) Sechrist IV-100B 
C) Bird 8400ST 
D) Bear 1000

Question 10

How would a ventilatory support device that uses pressure regulators, needle valves, and balloon valves to regulate most or all of the parameters of ventilation be classified?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanically controlled 
B) electronically controlled 
C) fluidically controlled 
D) pneumatically controlled 
A) mechanically controlled 
B) electronically controlled 
C) fluidically controlled 
D) pneumatically controlled

Question 11

Which of the following equations best describes the pressure (P) necessary to drive gas into the airway and inflate the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) P = (Elastance * Volume) + (Resistance * Flow) 
B) P = (Elastance - Volume) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
C) P = (Volume + Compliance) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
D) P = (Volume ÷ Compliance) - (Resistance * Flow) 
A) P = (Elastance * Volume) + (Resistance * Flow) 
B) P = (Elastance - Volume) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
C) P = (Volume + Compliance) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
D) P = (Volume ÷ Compliance) - (Resistance * Flow)

Question 12

If a patient initiates a ventilator breath, the trigger variable could be all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) pressure 
B) flow 
C) time 
D) volume 
A) pressure 
B) flow 
C) time 
D) volume

Question 13

A physician requests that you switch from pressure-triggering a patient to flow-triggering. Which of the following new settings would be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
B) Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at -2 cm H2O 
C) Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
D) Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 10 cm H2O 
A) Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
B) Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at -2 cm H2O 
C) Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
D) Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 10 cm H2O

Question 14

During mechanical ventilation, a spontaneous breath is defined as one that:

Accepted Answer

A) initiated and terminated by the machine 
B) begun by the patient and ended by the machine 
C) initiated and terminated by the patient 
D) begun by the machine and ended by the patient 
A) initiated and terminated by the machine 
B) begun by the patient and ended by the machine 
C) initiated and terminated by the patient 
D) begun by the machine and ended by the patient

Question 15

A volume-cycled ventilator provides gas under positive pressure during inspiration until what point?

Accepted Answer

A) A preselected volume of gas is received by the patient. 
B) An adjustable, preselected airway pressure is reached. 
C) The inspiratory time equals or exceeds the expiratory time. 
D) A preselected volume of gas is expelled from the device. 
A) A preselected volume of gas is received by the patient. 
B) An adjustable, preselected airway pressure is reached. 
C) The inspiratory time equals or exceeds the expiratory time. 
D) A preselected volume of gas is expelled from the device.

Question 16

What is the mode of ventilatory support in which patient's inspiratory efforts are augmented with a set amount of positive airway pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
C) pressure support ventilation (PSV) 
D) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
A) intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
C) pressure support ventilation (PSV) 
D) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Question 17

When you adjust the pressure drop necessary to trigger a breath on a ventilator, what are you adjusting on the machine?

Accepted Answer

A) sensitivity 
B) pressure limit 
C) mode setting 
D) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level 
A) sensitivity 
B) pressure limit 
C) mode setting 
D) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level

Question 18

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 15/min. The expiratory time is 2.9 seconds. What is the inspiratory time?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.1 seconds 
B) 1.3 seconds 
C) 1.5 seconds 
D) 1.7 seconds 
A) 1.1 seconds 
B) 1.3 seconds 
C) 1.5 seconds 
D) 1.7 seconds

Question 19

While observing a patient receiving ventilatory support, you notice that some delivered breaths are begun or ended by the machine, whereas others are begun and ended by the patient. Which of the following modes of ventilatory support is in force?

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) 
B) pressure support ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) airway pressure release ventilation 
A) intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) 
B) pressure support ventilation 
C) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) 
D) airway pressure release ventilation

Question 20

A complete ventilatory cycle or breath consists of which of the following phases?
I.expiration
II.initiation of inspiration
III.inspiration
IV.end of inspiration

Accepted Answer

A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I and IV 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Exam 42: Mechanical Ventilators

If a ventilator, not the patient, initiates a breath, what is the trigger variable?

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 10/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 40%. What is the inspiratory time?

A volume-cycled ventilator has a rate knob for setting the controlled frequency of breathing. If this control is set to 12/min, which of the following other settings will determine the inspiratory and expiratory times? I.FIO2 II.flow III.volume

To describe what happens during the expiratory phase of mechanical ventilation, you must know the value of which variable?

The volume waveform generated by a ventilator remains the same against changing lung mechanics. Which of the following parameters might this device be controlling? I.volume II.flow III.pressure

Peak airway pressure is highest with what waveform?

Pure time-triggered ventilation is the same as what type of ventilation?

Mean airway pressure is highest with what waveform?

Which of the following ventilators is controlled by fluidic logic systems?

How would a ventilatory support device that uses pressure regulators, needle valves, and balloon valves to regulate most or all of the parameters of ventilation be classified?

Which of the following equations best describes the pressure (P) necessary to drive gas into the airway and inflate the lungs?

If a patient initiates a ventilator breath, the trigger variable could be all of the following except:

A physician requests that you switch from pressure-triggering a patient to flow-triggering. Which of the following new settings would be appropriate?

During mechanical ventilation, a spontaneous breath is defined as one that:

A volume-cycled ventilator provides gas under positive pressure during inspiration until what point?

What is the mode of ventilatory support in which patient's inspiratory efforts are augmented with a set amount of positive airway pressure?

When you adjust the pressure drop necessary to trigger a breath on a ventilator, what are you adjusting on the machine?

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 15/min. The expiratory time is 2.9 seconds. What is the inspiratory time?

While observing a patient receiving ventilatory support, you notice that some delivered breaths are begun or ended by the machine, whereas others are begun and ended by the patient. Which of the following modes of ventilatory support is in force?

A complete ventilatory cycle or breath consists of which of the following phases? I.expiration II.initiation of inspiration III.inspiration IV.end of inspiration

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

A volume-cycled ventilator has a rate knob for setting the controlled frequency of breathing. If this control is set to 12/min, which of the following other settings will determine the inspiratory and expiratory times? I.FIO₂ II.flow III.volume