Question 1

Where is most of the Mg2+ found in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) bound to phosphate 
B) bound to proteins 
C) in the cells 
D) ionized 
A) bound to phosphate 
B) bound to proteins 
C) in the cells 
D) ionized C

Question 2

What is hypercalcemia most often associated with?

Accepted Answer

A) hypoparathyroidism 
B) kidney failure 
C) pancreatitis 
D) trauma 
A) hypoparathyroidism 
B) kidney failure 
C) pancreatitis 
D) trauma A

Question 3

Which of the following describe roles played by HCO3-?
I.HCO3-levels vary directly with Cl- levels.
II.It is the primary vehicle for blood carbon dioxide transport.
III.It plays a key role in acid-base homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I and III 
C) II only 
D) II and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I and III 
C) II only 
D) II and III D

Question 4

What is the smallest fluid subcompartment of extracellular water?

Accepted Answer

A) interstitial 
B) intraorganelle 
C) intravascular 
D) transcellular 
A) interstitial 
B) intraorganelle 
C) intravascular 
D) transcellular

Question 5

What is the attractive force of solute particles in a concentrated solution?

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion pressure 
B) gas pressure 
C) hydrostatic pressure 
D) osmotic pressure 
A) diffusion pressure 
B) gas pressure 
C) hydrostatic pressure 
D) osmotic pressure

Question 6

Which patients are prone to K+ depletion and hypokalemia?
I.postsurgical patients
II.those with renal disease
III.trauma victims

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 7

What type of solution could have 1 mol of solute per L of solution?

Accepted Answer

A) molal 
B) molar 
C) normal 
D) weight/volume 
A) molal 
B) molar 
C) normal 
D) weight/volume

Question 8

Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia would NOT include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) abdominal cramps 
B) depressed tendon reflexes 
C) electrocardiogram abnormalities 
D) muscular twitching and spasm 
A) abdominal cramps 
B) depressed tendon reflexes 
C) electrocardiogram abnormalities 
D) muscular twitching and spasm

Question 9

A serum value of 140 mEq/L of Na is equivalent to how many mg/dl?

Accepted Answer

A) 14 mg/dl 
B) 70 mg/dl 
C) 280 mg/dl 
D) 322 mg/dl 
A) 14 mg/dl 
B) 70 mg/dl 
C) 280 mg/dl 
D) 322 mg/dl

Question 10

What best describes an aspect of the movement of fluid and solutes between the capillaries and the interstitial space?

Accepted Answer

A) At the tissue level, osmotic pressure tends to draw water into the interstitial space. 
B) Electrolytes move freely across the capillary wall into the interstitium. 
C) The capillary and interstitial hydrostatic pressures are approximately equal. 
D) The interstitial fluid has a relatively high protein concentration. 
A) At the tissue level, osmotic pressure tends to draw water into the interstitial space. 
B) Electrolytes move freely across the capillary wall into the interstitium. 
C) The capillary and interstitial hydrostatic pressures are approximately equal. 
D) The interstitial fluid has a relatively high protein concentration.

Question 11

If your objective were to draw water out of cells or tissues, you would expose them to what type of solution?

Accepted Answer

A) hypertonic 
B) hypotonic 
C) isotonic 
D) normotonic 
A) hypertonic 
B) hypotonic 
C) isotonic 
D) normotonic

Question 12

What is a uniform distribution of large molecules that attract and hold water?

Accepted Answer

A) colloid 
B) mixture 
C) solution 
D) suspension 
A) colloid 
B) mixture 
C) solution 
D) suspension

Question 13

In which of the following types of solutions is the relationship of solute to solvent expressed as a proportion?

Accepted Answer

A) normal 
B) percent 
C) ratio 
D) weight/volume 
A) normal 
B) percent 
C) ratio 
D) weight/volume

Question 14

Symptoms of hypercalcemia would include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) depression 
B) diarrhea 
C) hyperactive tendon reflexes 
D) muscle fasciculation 
A) depression 
B) diarrhea 
C) hyperactive tendon reflexes 
D) muscle fasciculation

Question 15

What can cause hypochloremia?
I.diuretics
II.gastrointestinal loss
III.metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 16

By what process is water replenished?
I.absorption
II.ingestion
III.metabolism

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 17

What is a common cause for pulmonary edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) alveolar-capillary damage 
B) chronic liver disease 
C) failing left ventricle 
D) failing right ventricle 
A) alveolar-capillary damage 
B) chronic liver disease 
C) failing left ventricle 
D) failing right ventricle

Question 18

Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys is governed mainly by the level of what hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) angiotensin 
D) insulin 
A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) angiotensin 
D) insulin

Question 19

What is a normal K+ blood level?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. 
B) 7.8 to 10.2 mEq/L 
C) 22 to 26 mEq/L 
D) 35 to 42 mEq/L 
A) 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. 
B) 7.8 to 10.2 mEq/L 
C) 22 to 26 mEq/L 
D) 35 to 42 mEq/L

Question 20

Clinical signs of hypokalemia would NOT include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) convulsions 
B) electrocardiogram abnormalities 
C) muscle weakness 
D) paralysis 
A) convulsions 
B) electrocardiogram abnormalities 
C) muscle weakness 
D) paralysis

Exam 12: Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Where is most of the Mg2+ found in the body?

What is hypercalcemia most often associated with?

Which of the following describe roles played by HCO3-? I.HCO3-levels vary directly with Cl- levels. II.It is the primary vehicle for blood carbon dioxide transport. III.It plays a key role in acid-base homeostasis.

What is the smallest fluid subcompartment of extracellular water?

What is the attractive force of solute particles in a concentrated solution?

Which patients are prone to K+ depletion and hypokalemia? I.postsurgical patients II.those with renal disease III.trauma victims

What type of solution could have 1 mol of solute per L of solution?

Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia would NOT include which of the following?

A serum value of 140 mEq/L of Na is equivalent to how many mg/dl?

What best describes an aspect of the movement of fluid and solutes between the capillaries and the interstitial space?

If your objective were to draw water out of cells or tissues, you would expose them to what type of solution?

What is a uniform distribution of large molecules that attract and hold water?

In which of the following types of solutions is the relationship of solute to solvent expressed as a proportion?

Symptoms of hypercalcemia would include which of the following?

What can cause hypochloremia? I.diuretics II.gastrointestinal loss III.metabolic acidosis

By what process is water replenished? I.absorption II.ingestion III.metabolism

What is a common cause for pulmonary edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure?

Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys is governed mainly by the level of what hormone?

What is a normal K+ blood level?

Clinical signs of hypokalemia would NOT include which of the following?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Where is most of the Mg²⁺ found in the body?

Which of the following describe roles played by HCO₃^-? I.HCO₃^-levels vary directly with Cl^- levels. II.It is the primary vehicle for blood carbon dioxide transport. III.It plays a key role in acid-base homeostasis.

Which patients are prone to K⁺ depletion and hypokalemia? I.postsurgical patients II.those with renal disease III.trauma victims

Na⁺ reabsorption in the kidneys is governed mainly by the level of what hormone?

What is a normal K⁺ blood level?