Question 1

Where does ammonia play its most important role as a base buffer?

Accepted Answer

A) kidney 
B) liver 
C) lung 
D) vasculature 
A) kidney 
B) liver 
C) lung 
D) vasculature

Question 2

Which of the following are true regarding water in the human body?
I .The more fatty tissue there is, the greater is the percentage of body water.
II.Total body water depends on an individual's weight and sex.
III.Water constitutes about 45% to 80% of an individual's body weight.
IV.Water content is highest in the aged.

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and IV 
C) III and IV 
D) II and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and IV 
C) III and IV 
D) II and III

Question 3

Insensible water loss occurs through what organs?
I.gastrointestinal tract
II.kidneys
III.lungs
IV.skin

Accepted Answer

A) III and IV 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II and III 
D) II and IV 
A) III and IV 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II and III 
D) II and IV

Question 4

Which of the following factors contributes to reabsorption of tissue fluid in dependent regions of the body?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrostatic pressure of 100 mm Hg. 
B) low capillary permeability 
C) low interstitial osmotic pressure 
D) pumping action of skeletal muscles 
A) hydrostatic pressure of 100 mm Hg. 
B) low capillary permeability 
C) low interstitial osmotic pressure 
D) pumping action of skeletal muscles

Question 5

You prepare a solution by dissolving 5 g of glucose in 100 ml of solution. What type of solution are you making?

Accepted Answer

A) normal 
B) percent 
C) ratio 
D) weight/volume 
A) normal 
B) percent 
C) ratio 
D) weight/volume

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) Osmotic pressure depends on the number of particles in solution. 
B) Osmotic pressure varies inversely with temperature. 
C) Osmotic pressure is highest in dilute solutions. 
D) Osmotic pressure varies inversely with tonicity. 
A) Osmotic pressure depends on the number of particles in solution. 
B) Osmotic pressure varies inversely with temperature. 
C) Osmotic pressure is highest in dilute solutions. 
D) Osmotic pressure varies inversely with tonicity.

Question 7

Under normal circumstances, a small amount of fluid is filtered from the capillary in excess of that which is absorbed. What prevents edema from occurring under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) The lymphatic system absorbs it and returns it to the circulatory system. 
B) Tissue cells absorb this fluid and use it in the metabolic process. 
C) Wandering macrophages use this excess fluid in hydrolyzing invaders. 
D) Waste products dilute this, maintaining eutonic conditions. 
A) The lymphatic system absorbs it and returns it to the circulatory system. 
B) Tissue cells absorb this fluid and use it in the metabolic process. 
C) Wandering macrophages use this excess fluid in hydrolyzing invaders. 
D) Waste products dilute this, maintaining eutonic conditions.

Question 8

What are the main intracellular electrolytes?
I.K+
II.Na+
III.phosphate
IV.sulfate

Accepted Answer

A) I, III, and IV 
B) II, III, and IV 
C) I and II 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I, III, and IV 
B) II, III, and IV 
C) I and II 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 9

If airway humidification is inadequate, a patient with a tracheostomy can have additional water losses as high as what level?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 ml/day 
B) 300 ml/day 
C) 500 ml/day 
D) 700 ml/day 
A) 100 ml/day 
B) 300 ml/day 
C) 500 ml/day 
D) 700 ml/day

Question 10

A 3% NaCl solution is called what?

Accepted Answer

A) hypertonic 
B) hypotonic 
C) isotonic 
D) normotonic 
A) hypertonic 
B) hypotonic 
C) isotonic 
D) normotonic

Question 11

Pick the correct statement as it relates to hemoglobin and acid-base buffering.

Accepted Answer

A) Deoxygenated hemoglobin acts as an acid at the tissue level. 
B) Deoxygenated hemoglobin is a fairly strong base. 
C) Hemoglobin contributes more H+ in the face of increased histidine. 
D) In an alkaline environment, hemoglobin becomes an ineffective base. 
A) Deoxygenated hemoglobin acts as an acid at the tissue level. 
B) Deoxygenated hemoglobin is a fairly strong base. 
C) Hemoglobin contributes more H+ in the face of increased histidine. 
D) In an alkaline environment, hemoglobin becomes an ineffective base.

Question 12

What affect do metabolic acidosis and aldosterone have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They both result in renal loss of K+. 
B) There is a loss of HCO3-and Cl-in the renal tubules. 
C) There is retention of CO2 and Cl-. 
D) They both cause renal retention of HCO3-. 
A) They both result in renal loss of K+. 
B) There is a loss of HCO3-and Cl-in the renal tubules. 
C) There is retention of CO2 and Cl-. 
D) They both cause renal retention of HCO3-.

Question 13

What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac arrest 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) renal failure 
D) respiratory acidosis 
A) cardiac arrest 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) renal failure 
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 14

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A) corticosteroids 
B) insulin 
C) K-sparing diuretics 
D) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 
A) corticosteroids 
B) insulin 
C) K-sparing diuretics 
D) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Question 15

Which of the following is a facet of blood proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood proteins are composed of amino acids held together by fatty acids. 
B) Deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) is unable to accept H+ ions. 
C) In an alkaline environment, blood proteins can act as bases. 
D) The imidazole group on amino acids is the key binding site for other amino acids. 
A) Blood proteins are composed of amino acids held together by fatty acids. 
B) Deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) is unable to accept H+ ions. 
C) In an alkaline environment, blood proteins can act as bases. 
D) The imidazole group on amino acids is the key binding site for other amino acids.

Question 16

Supply the definition for a base substance.

Accepted Answer

A) compound that will donate a H+ ion 
B) any compound that will accept a proton 
C) only substances that contain a hydroxyl group 
D) substances that contain Na+ ions 
A) compound that will donate a H+ ion 
B) any compound that will accept a proton 
C) only substances that contain a hydroxyl group 
D) substances that contain Na+ ions

Question 17

Which of the following describes an aspect of pH?

Accepted Answer

A) Any solution with a pH of 7 is neutral. 
B) A pH of 7 describes an acidotic solution. 
C) A pH change from 7 to 8 equals a 2-fold increase in H+ ion concentration. 
D) The pH is the log of the OH- ion concentration. 
A) Any solution with a pH of 7 is neutral. 
B) A pH of 7 describes an acidotic solution. 
C) A pH change from 7 to 8 equals a 2-fold increase in H+ ion concentration. 
D) The pH is the log of the OH- ion concentration.

Question 18

What establishes the capillary colloidal osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of electrolytes in plasma 
B) presence of plasma proteins in blood 
C) presence of RBCs in whole blood 
D) presence of WBCs in whole blood 
A) presence of electrolytes in plasma 
B) presence of plasma proteins in blood 
C) presence of RBCs in whole blood 
D) presence of WBCs in whole blood

Question 19

What is the average urine output in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

A) 600 to 800 ml/day 
B) 800 to 1000 ml/day 
C) 1000 to 1200 ml/day 
D) 1200 to 1400 ml/day 
A) 600 to 800 ml/day 
B) 800 to 1000 ml/day 
C) 1000 to 1200 ml/day 
D) 1200 to 1400 ml/day

Question 20

Which of following is NOT a nonhydroxide base?

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia 
B) carbonates 
C) certain proteins 
D) ammonium 
A) ammonia 
B) carbonates 
C) certain proteins 
D) ammonium

Exam 12: Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Where does ammonia play its most important role as a base buffer?

Insensible water loss occurs through what organs? I.gastrointestinal tract II.kidneys III.lungs IV.skin

Which of the following factors contributes to reabsorption of tissue fluid in dependent regions of the body?

You prepare a solution by dissolving 5 g of glucose in 100 ml of solution. What type of solution are you making?

Which of the following is true regarding osmotic pressure?

Under normal circumstances, a small amount of fluid is filtered from the capillary in excess of that which is absorbed. What prevents edema from occurring under these conditions?

What are the main intracellular electrolytes? I.K+ II.Na+ III.phosphate IV.sulfate

If airway humidification is inadequate, a patient with a tracheostomy can have additional water losses as high as what level?

A 3% NaCl solution is called what?

Pick the correct statement as it relates to hemoglobin and acid-base buffering.

What affect do metabolic acidosis and aldosterone have in common?

What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia?

Which of the following is a facet of blood proteins?

Supply the definition for a base substance.

Which of the following describes an aspect of pH?

What establishes the capillary colloidal osmotic pressure?

What is the average urine output in a healthy adult?

Which of following is NOT a nonhydroxide base?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

What are the main intracellular electrolytes? I.K⁺ II.Na⁺ III.phosphate IV.sulfate

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K⁺ in severe hyperkalemia?