Question 1

The alveolar interstitial region of the lungs remains relatively "dry" primarily because of what?

Accepted Answer

A) low capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) low capillary osmotic pressure 
C) low capillary permeability 
D) low interstitial osmotic pressure 
A) low capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) low capillary osmotic pressure 
C) low capillary permeability 
D) low interstitial osmotic pressure

Question 2

If a patient's pH were to drop from 7.40 to 7.10, the H+ concentration will increase by how much?

Accepted Answer

A) *2 
B) *3 
C) *5 
D) *10 
A) *2 
B) *3 
C) *5 
D) *10

Question 3

In which of the following solutions do the molecules of solute remain intact?

Accepted Answer

A) electrolytic 
B) electrovalent 
C) nonpolar covalent 
D) polar covalent 
A) electrolytic 
B) electrovalent 
C) nonpolar covalent 
D) polar covalent

Question 4

Which of the following is termed a physiologic solution?

Accepted Answer

A) isotonic 
B) noncovalent 
C) nonpolar covalent 
D) polar electrovalent 
A) isotonic 
B) noncovalent 
C) nonpolar covalent 
D) polar electrovalent

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT cause an abnormal loss of Na+ (hyponatremia)?

Accepted Answer

A) ascites 
B) excessive sweating or fever 
C) use of certain diuretics 
D) steroid therapy 
A) ascites 
B) excessive sweating or fever 
C) use of certain diuretics 
D) steroid therapy

Question 6

What is the relation between pure water and acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A) A solution with an OH- concentration greater than that of water acts as an acid. 
B) Pure water is slightly acidic solution. 
C) The concentrations of both H+ and OH- ions are equal. 
D) The H+ concentration of water can be designated as 1 nmol/L. 
A) A solution with an OH- concentration greater than that of water acts as an acid. 
B) Pure water is slightly acidic solution. 
C) The concentrations of both H+ and OH- ions are equal. 
D) The H+ concentration of water can be designated as 1 nmol/L.

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia would NOT include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac arrest 
B) electrocardiogram abnormalities 
C) metabolic alkalosis 
D) ventricular arrhythmias 
A) cardiac arrest 
B) electrocardiogram abnormalities 
C) metabolic alkalosis 
D) ventricular arrhythmias

Question 8

What is a normal range for serum Cl---?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.5 to 4.8 mEq/L 
B) 98.0 to 106.0 mEq/L 
C) 137.0 to147.0 mEq/L 
D) 150.0 to 220.0 mEq/L 
A) 3.5 to 4.8 mEq/L 
B) 98.0 to 106.0 mEq/L 
C) 137.0 to147.0 mEq/L 
D) 150.0 to 220.0 mEq/L

Question 9

Intracellular water represents about what proportion of total body water?

Accepted Answer

A)  $1 / 4$ 
B)  $1 / 3$ 
C)  $1 / 2$ 
D)  $2 / 3$ 
A)  $1 / 4$ 
B)  $1 / 3$ 
C)  $1 / 2$ 
D)  $2 / 3$

Question 10

Which answer best describes the relationship between K+ movement and acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A) Excess extracellular H+ ions are exchanged for intracellular K+. 
B) Extracellular acidosis results in serum hypokalemia. 
C) Low-K+ diets are required following nasogastric suctioning. 
D) When the extracellular pH rises, K+ moves out of the cells. 
A) Excess extracellular H+ ions are exchanged for intracellular K+. 
B) Extracellular acidosis results in serum hypokalemia. 
C) Low-K+ diets are required following nasogastric suctioning. 
D) When the extracellular pH rises, K+ moves out of the cells.

Question 11

The combination of red blood cells in plasma is a good example of what?

Accepted Answer

A) colloid 
B) mixture 
C) solution 
D) suspension 
A) colloid 
B) mixture 
C) solution 
D) suspension

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a major extracellular electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A) Cl- 
B) HCO3- 
C) K+ 
D) Na+ 
A) Cl- 
B) HCO3- 
C) K+ 
D) Na+

Question 13

An adult's insensible water through the lungs averages what level?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 ml/day 
B) 200 ml/day 
C) 300 ml/day 
D) 400 ml/day 
A) 100 ml/day 
B) 200 ml/day 
C) 300 ml/day 
D) 400 ml/day

Question 14

What are normal values for serum Mg2+?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L. 
B) 3.5 to 4.8 mEq/L 
C) 9.0 to 10.5 mEq/L 
D) 98.0 to 105.0 mEq/L 
A) 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L. 
B) 3.5 to 4.8 mEq/L 
C) 9.0 to 10.5 mEq/L 
D) 98.0 to 105.0 mEq/L

Question 15

Patients with what condition are prone to evaporative water loss through the lungs?
I.artificial airways
II.hypothermia
III.increased ventilation

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 16

Water can be lost from the body through what organ systems?
I.gastrointestinal tract
II.liver
III.lungs
IV.skin

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I, III, and IV 
C) II and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I, III, and IV 
C) II and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 17

What is the role of kidneys when a patient experiences acute respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Cl- shift enhances the body's compensatory mechanisms. 
B) HCO3- is eliminated in the urine. 
C) It dumps Cl- so as to retain HCO3-. 
D) The Hamburger phenomenon occurs. 
A) Cl- shift enhances the body's compensatory mechanisms. 
B) HCO3- is eliminated in the urine. 
C) It dumps Cl- so as to retain HCO3-. 
D) The Hamburger phenomenon occurs.

Question 18

What is a stable mixture of two or more evenly dispersed substances?

Accepted Answer

A) colloid 
B) mixture 
C) solution 
D) suspension 
A) colloid 
B) mixture 
C) solution 
D) suspension

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true regarding solubility? 1.Nature of the solute. The ease with which substances go into a solution in a given solvent depends on the forces of the solute-solute molecules and varies widely.2.Nature of the solvent. A solvent's ability to dissolve a solute depends on the bonds of the solvent-solvent molecules, and also varies widely.3.Temperature. Solubility of most solids increases with increased temperature. However, the solubility of gases varies inversely with temperature.4.Pressure. The solubility of solids and liquids is not greatly affected by pressure. The solubility of gases in liquids, however, varies directly with pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) Gas solubility varies directly with pressure. 
B) Gas solubility varies directly with temperature. 
C) Solvents vary in their ability to dissolve substances. 
D) The solubility of solids increases with temperature. 
A) Gas solubility varies directly with pressure. 
B) Gas solubility varies directly with temperature. 
C) Solvents vary in their ability to dissolve substances. 
D) The solubility of solids increases with temperature.

Question 20

The ease with which a gas dissolves into a solvent is at least partially determined by which of the following? 1.Nature of the solute. The ease with which substances go into a solution in a given solvent depends on the forces of the solute-solute molecules and varies widely.2.Nature of the solvent. A solvent's ability to dissolve a solute depends on the bonds of the solvent-solvent molecules, and also varies widely.3.Temperature. Solubility of most solids increases with increased temperature. However, the solubility of gases varies inversely with temperature.4.Pressure. The solubility of solids and liquids is not greatly affected by pressure. The solubility of gases in liquids, however, varies directly with pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) gas conductivity 
B) gas temperature 
C) level of 2,3-DPG 
D) solvent conductivity 
A) gas conductivity 
B) gas temperature 
C) level of 2,3-DPG 
D) solvent conductivity

Exam 12: Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

The alveolar interstitial region of the lungs remains relatively "dry" primarily because of what?

If a patient's pH were to drop from 7.40 to 7.10, the H+ concentration will increase by how much?

In which of the following solutions do the molecules of solute remain intact?

Which of the following is termed a physiologic solution?

Which of the following would NOT cause an abnormal loss of Na+ (hyponatremia)?

What is the relation between pure water and acid-base balance?

Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia would NOT include which of the following?

What is a normal range for serum Cl---?

Intracellular water represents about what proportion of total body water?

Which answer best describes the relationship between K+ movement and acid-base balance?

The combination of red blood cells in plasma is a good example of what?

Which of the following is NOT a major extracellular electrolyte?

An adult's insensible water through the lungs averages what level?

What are normal values for serum Mg2+?

Patients with what condition are prone to evaporative water loss through the lungs? I.artificial airways II.hypothermia III.increased ventilation

Water can be lost from the body through what organ systems? I.gastrointestinal tract II.liver III.lungs IV.skin

What is the role of kidneys when a patient experiences acute respiratory alkalosis?

What is a stable mixture of two or more evenly dispersed substances?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

If a patient's pH were to drop from 7.40 to 7.10, the H⁺ concentration will increase by how much?

Which of the following would NOT cause an abnormal loss of Na⁺ (hyponatremia)?

What is a normal range for serum Cl-^--?

Which answer best describes the relationship between K⁺ movement and acid-base balance?

What are normal values for serum Mg²⁺?