Exam 43: Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Which of the following actions can you use to decrease compressed volume loss during mechanical ventilation? I.low-volume, low-compliance tubing II.ventilator with minimal internal volume III.low-volume humidifier or heat-moisture exchanger

Which of the following is the explanation for the increased $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ ratio when excessive positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used?

Which of the following lung units would be most prone to air-trapping?

Which of the following mechanisms explains the hepatic dysfunction in patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation (PPV)?

In which mode of ventilatory support does the patient breathe spontaneously at an elevated airway pressure, with short, intermittent decreases in pressure to a lower level?

Which of the following variables determine the level of support achieved with adaptive support ventilation? I.patient effort II.flow III.time constant

Which of the following are considered safe settings for a recruitment maneuver? I.pressures up to 50 cm H₂O II.pressures up to 35 cm H₂O III.pressures applied for 5 to 10 minutes IV.pressures applied for 1 to 3 minutes

Which of the following is the consequence of decreased resistance and compliance?

During volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation, should either compliance decrease or airway resistance (Raw) increase, what will happen?

Which of the following is a benefit of high inspiratory flows during positive-pressure ventilation?

Which of the following are potential effects of positive-pressure ventilation on the cardiovascular system? I.decreased venous return II.decreased cranial perfusion pressures III.increased pulmonary blood flow IV.decreased ventricular stroke volume

To prevent muscle fatigue or atrophy, the level of PSV should be adjusted to achieve what work load?

Which of the following is the best explanation for the decreased levels of atrial natriuretic hormone commonly observed among patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation?

Contraindications for using positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in conjunction with mechanical ventilation include which of the following? I.untreated bronchopleural fistula II.chronic airway obstruction III.untreated pneumothorax

What spontaneous pressure-controlled breath mode allows separate regulation of the inspiratory and expiratory pressures?

Ventricular dysfunction occurs in patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation for all of the following reasons except:

A patient switched from pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PC-IRV) shows a good improvement in PaO₂ but a decrease in tissue oxygenation. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Detrimental effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) include all of the following except:

What factors contribute to the development of auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)? I.high expiratory Raw II.high inspiratory flows III.inadequate expiratory time

During volume-assured pressure-supported ventilation, the breath will be pressure-limited under what conditions?