Question 1

Pressure-controlled (PC) modes of ventilatory support include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
B) pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) volume-assured pressure-supported ventilation (VAPSV) 
A) pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
B) pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) volume-assured pressure-supported ventilation (VAPSV)

Question 2

In which of the following patients is positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) most indicated? 
$\begin{array}{ll}&\underline{\mathrm{FIO}_{2}}&\underline{\mathrm{PaO}_{2}}\
A.&0.70 & 185 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg} \
B.&0.40 & 65 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg} \
C.&0.55 & 48 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg} \
D.&0.21 & 45 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following patients is...

Question 3

Ventilatory support strategies likely to result in auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) assist-control 
B) inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) 
C) low-rate intermittent mandatory ventilation 
D) low inspiratory flows 
A) continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) assist-control 
B) inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) 
C) low-rate intermittent mandatory ventilation 
D) low inspiratory flows

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE about pressure-limited modes of ventilatory?

Accepted Answer

A) The volume delivered at a given pressure must decrease as compliance falls. 
B) The inspiratory flow varies with patient effort and lung mechanics. 
C) Active effort by the patient against inspiration will decrease delivered volume. 
D) The volume delivered at a given pressure must decrease as Raw rises. 
A) The volume delivered at a given pressure must decrease as compliance falls. 
B) The inspiratory flow varies with patient effort and lung mechanics. 
C) Active effort by the patient against inspiration will decrease delivered volume. 
D) The volume delivered at a given pressure must decrease as Raw rises.

Question 5

Compared with a square wave flow pattern, a decelerating flow waveform has all of the following potential benefits except:

Accepted Answer

A) reduced peak pressure 
B) improved cardiac output 
C) less inspiratory work 
D) decreased volume of dead space-to-tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) 
A) reduced peak pressure 
B) improved cardiac output 
C) less inspiratory work 
D) decreased volume of dead space-to-tidal volume ratio (VD/VT)

Question 6

What patients are at greatest risk for auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?
I.those supported by spontaneous breath modes
II.those with high airway resistance
III.those with high expiratory flow resistance

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 7

In which of the following modes does the clinician have the most control over the patient's ventilatory pattern, PaO2, PaCO2, and acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
B) volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) pressure-supported ventilation 
D) pressure-controlled inspiratory reserve volume 
A) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
B) volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) pressure-supported ventilation 
D) pressure-controlled inspiratory reserve volume

Question 8

The volume of gas actually delivered to a patient by most positive-pressure ventilation is always less than that expelled from the machine. Which of the following factors help to explain this finding?
I.gas compression under pressure
II.presence of built-in leaks
III.expansion of the ventilator circuitry

Accepted Answer

A) II and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I and III 
A) II and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I and III

Question 9

The magnitude of WOBpt depends on which of the following?
I.compliance
II.resistance
III.ventilatory drive
IV.trigger sensitivity
V.peak flow

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) I, II, III, IV, and V 
D) I, II, and V 
A) I and III 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) I, II, III, IV, and V 
D) I, II, and V

Question 10

All of the following factors would tend to increase mean airway pressure except:

Accepted Answer

A) short inspiratory times 
B) increased mandatory breaths 
C) increased levels of positive inspiratory pressure (PIP) 
D) increased levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
A) short inspiratory times 
B) increased mandatory breaths 
C) increased levels of positive inspiratory pressure (PIP) 
D) increased levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Question 11

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support is used to help decrease airway and alveolar pressures?

Accepted Answer

A) pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
B) pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) volume-assured pressure-supported ventilation 
A) pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
B) pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
D) volume-assured pressure-supported ventilation

Question 12

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would result in the highest mean airway pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) (volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation) + pressure-supported ventilation 
C) pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
D) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 
A) volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
B) (volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation) + pressure-supported ventilation 
C) pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 
D) volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation

Question 13

Which level of FIO2 and what time of exposure have been associated with oxygen toxicity?
I. $\quad \mathrm { FIO } _ { 2 } \geq 0.5$
II. $\quad \mathrm { FIO } _ { 2 } \geq 0.7$
III. $\quad \mathrm { FIO } _ { 2 } \geq 0.6$
IV. $\quad$24 to 48 hours
V. $\quad$48 to 96 hours

Accepted Answer

A) I and V 
B) III and IV 
C) III and V 
D) I and IV 
A) I and V 
B) III and IV 
C) III and V 
D) I and IV

Question 14

What does pressure-supported ventilation consist of?

Accepted Answer

A) patient-triggered, pressure-limited, flow-cycled breaths 
B) machine-triggered, pressure-limited, flow-cycled breaths 
C) patient-triggered, pressure-limited, time-cycled breaths 
D) machine-triggered, flow-limited, pressure-cycled breaths 
A) patient-triggered, pressure-limited, flow-cycled breaths 
B) machine-triggered, pressure-limited, flow-cycled breaths 
C) patient-triggered, pressure-limited, time-cycled breaths 
D) machine-triggered, flow-limited, pressure-cycled breaths

Question 15

Which of the following groups of patients are primarily affected by ventilator-associated pneumonia?
I.infants
II.adults older than 65 years
III.immunosuppressed
IV.thoracoabdominal surgery
V.depressed sensorium

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, III and V 
B) I, II, III, IV, and V 
C) III and V 
D) I and IV 
A) I, II, III and V 
B) I, II, III, IV, and V 
C) III and V 
D) I and IV

Question 16

Mean airway pressure may be increased by all of the following adjustments, except increasing the:

Accepted Answer

A) inspiratory time 
B) frequency 
C) positive end-expiratory pressure level 
D) FIO2 
A) inspiratory time 
B) frequency 
C) positive end-expiratory pressure level 
D) FIO2

Question 17

Hyperventilation should generally be avoided during mechanical ventilatory support. Exceptions to this rule include:
I.trying to calm an agitated patient.II.failure of other methods to reduce intracranial pressure
III.hypokalemia causing cardiac arrhythmias

Accepted Answer

A) II and III 
B) I and III 
C) II 
D) I and II 
A) II and III 
B) I and III 
C) II 
D) I and II

Question 18

Which of the following is FALSE about permissive hypercapnia?

Accepted Answer

A) It lowers intrathoracic and alveolar pressures. 
B) It can reduce the incidence of barotrauma. 
C) It does not reduce systemic oxygenation. 
D) It increases pulmonary vascular resistance. 
A) It lowers intrathoracic and alveolar pressures. 
B) It can reduce the incidence of barotrauma. 
C) It does not reduce systemic oxygenation. 
D) It increases pulmonary vascular resistance.

Question 19

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support combines the advantages of pressure-controlled and volume-controlled ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) volume-assured pressure-supported ventilation 
B) pressure-supported ventilation 
C) bilevel positive airway pressure 
D) airway pressure release ventilation 
A) volume-assured pressure-supported ventilation 
B) pressure-supported ventilation 
C) bilevel positive airway pressure 
D) airway pressure release ventilation

Question 20

What factor primarily determines the effect of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) on the cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A) peak airway pressure 
B) mean pleural pressure 
C) CO2 
D) expiratory time 
A) peak airway pressure 
B) mean pleural pressure 
C) CO2 
D) expiratory time

Exam 43: Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Pressure-controlled (PC) modes of ventilatory support include all of the following except:

In which of the following patients is positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) most indicated? A. 0.70 185 B. 0.40 65 C. 0.55 48 D. 0.21 45

Ventilatory support strategies likely to result in auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) include all of the following except:

Which of the following is FALSE about pressure-limited modes of ventilatory?

Compared with a square wave flow pattern, a decelerating flow waveform has all of the following potential benefits except:

What patients are at greatest risk for auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)? I.those supported by spontaneous breath modes II.those with high airway resistance III.those with high expiratory flow resistance

In which of the following modes does the clinician have the most control over the patient's ventilatory pattern, PaO2, PaCO2, and acid-base balance?

The magnitude of WOBpt depends on which of the following? I.compliance II.resistance III.ventilatory drive IV.trigger sensitivity V.peak flow

All of the following factors would tend to increase mean airway pressure except:

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support is used to help decrease airway and alveolar pressures?

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would result in the highest mean airway pressure?

What does pressure-supported ventilation consist of?

Which of the following groups of patients are primarily affected by ventilator-associated pneumonia? I.infants II.adults older than 65 years III.immunosuppressed IV.thoracoabdominal surgery V.depressed sensorium

Mean airway pressure may be increased by all of the following adjustments, except increasing the:

Hyperventilation should generally be avoided during mechanical ventilatory support. Exceptions to this rule include: I.trying to calm an agitated patient.II.failure of other methods to reduce intracranial pressure III.hypokalemia causing cardiac arrhythmias

Which of the following is FALSE about permissive hypercapnia?

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support combines the advantages of pressure-controlled and volume-controlled ventilation?

What factor primarily determines the effect of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) on the cardiac output?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

In which of the following modes does the clinician have the most control over the patient's ventilatory pattern, PaO₂, PaCO₂, and acid-base balance?

The magnitude of WOB_pt depends on which of the following? I.compliance II.resistance III.ventilatory drive IV.trigger sensitivity V.peak flow