Question 1

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is common among infants of less than 37 weeks' gestational age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following findings is not typical for infants with bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

A) stridor 
B) wheezing 
C) dyspnea 
D) tachypnea 
A) stridor 
B) wheezing 
C) dyspnea 
D) tachypnea A

Question 3

Which of the following ventilatory modalities has been associated with a lesser rate of air leak in MAS?
I.IMV
II.SIMV
III.HFV
IV.CPAP

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III C

Question 4

Treatment of the premature infant with apnea includes all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) tactile stimulation 
B) theophylline 
C) transfusion 
D) bronchial hygiene 
A) tactile stimulation 
B) theophylline 
C) transfusion 
D) bronchial hygiene

Question 5

Which of the following treatments is the least useful for the treatment of RDS?

Accepted Answer

A) CPAP 
B) surfactant replacement therapy 
C) high-frequency ventilation 
D) bronchial hygiene techniques 
A) CPAP 
B) surfactant replacement therapy 
C) high-frequency ventilation 
D) bronchial hygiene techniques

Question 6

Which of the following is the most common defect of the abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

A) inguinal hernia 
B) omphalocele 
C) gastroschisis 
D) agenesis of abdominal muscles 
A) inguinal hernia 
B) omphalocele 
C) gastroschisis 
D) agenesis of abdominal muscles

Question 7

You are caring for an infant with RDS. Nasal CPAP has been used; however, the infant suddenly deteriorates and is demonstrating severe hypoxemia on an FIO2 of 0.60. What should be done next?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase the CPAP. 
B) Intubate the infant and begin mechanical ventilation. 
C) Switch to nasal CPAP. 
D) Increase the FIO2. 
A) Increase the CPAP. 
B) Intubate the infant and begin mechanical ventilation. 
C) Switch to nasal CPAP. 
D) Increase the FIO2.

Question 8

What is the maximum PIP that should be used with mechanical ventilation of larger premature infants to prevent volutrauma?

Accepted Answer

A) 25 cm H2O 
B) 30 cm H2O 
C) 40 cm H2O 
D) 50 cm H2O 
A) 25 cm H2O 
B) 30 cm H2O 
C) 40 cm H2O 
D) 50 cm H2O

Question 9

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in the incidence of RDS?

Accepted Answer

A) maternal heart disease 
B) maternal diabetes 
C) maternal asthma 
D) long labor 
A) maternal heart disease 
B) maternal diabetes 
C) maternal asthma 
D) long labor

Question 10

What treatment is indicated for infants with transient tachypnea requiring higher FIO2?

Accepted Answer

A) frequent turning of the infant 
B) oxygen 
C) mechanical ventilation 
D) CPAP 
A) frequent turning of the infant 
B) oxygen 
C) mechanical ventilation 
D) CPAP

Question 11

Most infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome do not need to be supported with mechanical ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following clinical findings is NOT typically seen in patients with epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

A) high fever 
B) stridor 
C) croupy barking cough 
D) drooling 
A) high fever 
B) stridor 
C) croupy barking cough 
D) drooling

Question 13

The following diseases are commonly associated with bronchiolitis most likely to result in respiratory failure except:

Accepted Answer

A) infant with congenital heart failure 
B) infant with BPD 
C) child with cystic fibrosis 
D) pneumonia 
A) infant with congenital heart failure 
B) infant with BPD 
C) child with cystic fibrosis 
D) pneumonia

Question 14

Which of the following is the most common radiographic finding that suggests the presence of croup?

Accepted Answer

A) thumb sign 
B) flail chest 
C) sail sign 
D) steeple sign 
A) thumb sign 
B) flail chest 
C) sail sign 
D) steeple sign

Question 15

The pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) malformation of the left ventricle 
B) lung hypoplasia 
C) pulmonary hypertension 
D) unusual anatomy of the inferior vena cava 
A) malformation of the left ventricle 
B) lung hypoplasia 
C) pulmonary hypertension 
D) unusual anatomy of the inferior vena cava

Question 16

Patients with cystic fibrosis often have trouble with the digestion of fats and have deficiency of the fat-soluble vitamins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What clinical finding is typically seen with BPD infants?

Accepted Answer

A) areas of air-trapping on the chest film 
B) areas of consolidation on the chest film 
C) hypoxemia and hypercapnia 
D) hypocapnia 
A) areas of air-trapping on the chest film 
B) areas of consolidation on the chest film 
C) hypoxemia and hypercapnia 
D) hypocapnia

Question 18

Treatment of the infant with persistent pulmonary hypertension may include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) ECMO 
B) high-frequency ventilation 
C) nitric oxide 
D) theophylline 
A) ECMO 
B) high-frequency ventilation 
C) nitric oxide 
D) theophylline

Question 19

What modality is believed to be the cause of a decrease in the reported incidence of epiglottitis over the past decade?

Accepted Answer

A) vaccine 
B) better diet 
C) improved epidemiology reporting 
D) better quality of air 
A) vaccine 
B) better diet 
C) improved epidemiology reporting 
D) better quality of air

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an internal obstruction to the infant's airway?

Accepted Answer

A) hemangiomas 
B) neck mass 
C) tracheoesophageal fistula 
D) laryngomalacia 
A) hemangiomas 
B) neck mass 
C) tracheoesophageal fistula 
D) laryngomalacia

Exam 31: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is common among infants of less than 37 weeks' gestational age.

Which of the following findings is not typical for infants with bronchiolitis?

Which of the following ventilatory modalities has been associated with a lesser rate of air leak in MAS? I.IMV II.SIMV III.HFV IV.CPAP

Treatment of the premature infant with apnea includes all the following except:

Which of the following treatments is the least useful for the treatment of RDS?

Which of the following is the most common defect of the abdominal wall?

You are caring for an infant with RDS. Nasal CPAP has been used; however, the infant suddenly deteriorates and is demonstrating severe hypoxemia on an FIO2 of 0.60. What should be done next?

What is the maximum PIP that should be used with mechanical ventilation of larger premature infants to prevent volutrauma?

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in the incidence of RDS?

What treatment is indicated for infants with transient tachypnea requiring higher FIO2?

Most infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome do not need to be supported with mechanical ventilation.

Which of the following clinical findings is NOT typically seen in patients with epiglottitis?

The following diseases are commonly associated with bronchiolitis most likely to result in respiratory failure except:

Which of the following is the most common radiographic finding that suggests the presence of croup?

The pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia include all the following except:

Patients with cystic fibrosis often have trouble with the digestion of fats and have deficiency of the fat-soluble vitamins.

What clinical finding is typically seen with BPD infants?

Treatment of the infant with persistent pulmonary hypertension may include all the following except:

What modality is believed to be the cause of a decrease in the reported incidence of epiglottitis over the past decade?

Which of the following is an example of an internal obstruction to the infant's airway?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

You are caring for an infant with RDS. Nasal CPAP has been used; however, the infant suddenly deteriorates and is demonstrating severe hypoxemia on an FIO₂ of 0.60. What should be done next?

What treatment is indicated for infants with transient tachypnea requiring higher FIO₂?