Question 1

What physiologic abnormality is believed to be the cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN)?

Accepted Answer

A) right-to-left shunting 
B) high cardiac output 
C) high pulmonary vascular resistance 
D) metabolic acidosis 
A) right-to-left shunting 
B) high cardiac output 
C) high pulmonary vascular resistance 
D) metabolic acidosis

Question 2

What is the best strategy in the management of BPD?

Accepted Answer

A) adequate fluid management 
B) prevention 
C) aggressive mechanical ventilation 
D) PEEP 
A) adequate fluid management 
B) prevention 
C) aggressive mechanical ventilation 
D) PEEP

Question 3

Which of the following clinical signs is NOT common with croup?

Accepted Answer

A) stridor 
B) murmur 
C) coughing 
D) cyanosis 
A) stridor 
B) murmur 
C) coughing 
D) cyanosis

Question 4

Which of the following groups of infants should receive passive immunization for RSV?
I.chronic lung disease
II.infants born less than 32 weeks' gestational age
III.infants with congenital heart disease
IV.infants with retinopathy of prematurity

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I, II, and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, III, and IV 
A) I only 
B) I, II, and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, III, and IV

Question 5

What percentage of births will present with meconium-stained amniotic fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) 2% 
B) 12% 
C) 25% 
D) 50% 
A) 2% 
B) 12% 
C) 25% 
D) 50%

Question 6

In which of the following defects is heart transplantation an accepted option for treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) interrupted aortic arch 
B) coarctation of the aorta 
C) hypoplastic left heart syndrome 
D) none of the above 
A) interrupted aortic arch 
B) coarctation of the aorta 
C) hypoplastic left heart syndrome 
D) none of the above

Question 7

Bronchiolitis is an acute infection of the lower respiratory tract usually caused by bacterial organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be placed in either the supine or the side-lying position for the first 6 months of life to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following treatments is least likely to be needed in the treatment of the child with croup?

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen 
B) mechanical ventilation 
C) aerosolized racemic epinephrine 
D) budesonide 
A) oxygen 
B) mechanical ventilation 
C) aerosolized racemic epinephrine 
D) budesonide

Question 10

Normally, meconium is not passed by the infant until after birth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is believed to be the cause of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

Accepted Answer

A) persistent hypoxemia 
B) immature surfactant 
C) delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid 
D) persistent fetal circulation 
A) persistent hypoxemia 
B) immature surfactant 
C) delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid 
D) persistent fetal circulation

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common radiographic finding that suggests the presence of epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

A) thumb sign 
B) flail chest 
C) sail sign 
D) steeple sign 
A) thumb sign 
B) flail chest 
C) sail sign 
D) steeple sign

Question 13

Infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension usually have hypoxemia out of proportion to the lung disease detected by radiography.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following are common neuromuscular defect that affect infants?
I.spinal muscular atrophy
II.congenital myasthenia gravis
III.myotonic dystrophy
IV.poliomyelitis

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I, II, and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and IV 
A) I only 
B) I, II, and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and IV

Question 15

Which of the following therapies is considered controversial in the management of the infant with severe bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

A) hydration 
B) oxygen 
C) bronchodilator therapy 
D) CPAP 
A) hydration 
B) oxygen 
C) bronchodilator therapy 
D) CPAP

Question 16

What treatment usually causes improvement in the initial treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical ventilation with PEEP 
B) oxygen with low FIO2 
C) bronchodilators 
D) mucolytics 
A) mechanical ventilation with PEEP 
B) oxygen with low FIO2 
C) bronchodilators 
D) mucolytics

Question 17

Children with tetralogy of Fallot are at risk for sudden death from arrhythmia later in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What are the three fundamental pathophysiologic events that explain PPHN?
I.vascular spasm
II.hypoxemia
III.increased muscle wall thickness
IV.decreased cross-sectional area

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 19

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in the newborn with severe cyanosis at birth?

Accepted Answer

A) persistent pulmonary hypertension 
B) tetralogy of Fallot 
C) transposition of the great vessels 
D) ventricular septal defect 
A) persistent pulmonary hypertension 
B) tetralogy of Fallot 
C) transposition of the great vessels 
D) ventricular septal defect

Question 20

Which of the following therapies is LEAST likely to be needed in the child with epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

A) intubation 
B) pressure support with low-level CPAP 
C) high FIO2 
D) humidity therapy 
A) intubation 
B) pressure support with low-level CPAP 
C) high FIO2 
D) humidity therapy

Exam 31: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

What physiologic abnormality is believed to be the cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN)?

What is the best strategy in the management of BPD?

Which of the following clinical signs is NOT common with croup?

Which of the following groups of infants should receive passive immunization for RSV? I.chronic lung disease II.infants born less than 32 weeks' gestational age III.infants with congenital heart disease IV.infants with retinopathy of prematurity

What percentage of births will present with meconium-stained amniotic fluid?

In which of the following defects is heart transplantation an accepted option for treatment?

Bronchiolitis is an acute infection of the lower respiratory tract usually caused by bacterial organisms.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be placed in either the supine or the side-lying position for the first 6 months of life to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Which of the following treatments is least likely to be needed in the treatment of the child with croup?

Normally, meconium is not passed by the infant until after birth.

What is believed to be the cause of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

Which of the following is the most common radiographic finding that suggests the presence of epiglottitis?

Infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension usually have hypoxemia out of proportion to the lung disease detected by radiography.

Which of the following are common neuromuscular defect that affect infants? I.spinal muscular atrophy II.congenital myasthenia gravis III.myotonic dystrophy IV.poliomyelitis

Which of the following therapies is considered controversial in the management of the infant with severe bronchiolitis?

What treatment usually causes improvement in the initial treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn?

Children with tetralogy of Fallot are at risk for sudden death from arrhythmia later in life.

What are the three fundamental pathophysiologic events that explain PPHN? I.vascular spasm II.hypoxemia III.increased muscle wall thickness IV.decreased cross-sectional area

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in the newborn with severe cyanosis at birth?

Which of the following therapies is LEAST likely to be needed in the child with epiglottitis?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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