Question 1

How can the body effectively compensate for an increased VDphy?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased drive to breath 
B) decreased respiratory rate 
C) increased respiratory rate 
D) increased tidal volume 
A) decreased drive to breath 
B) decreased respiratory rate 
C) increased respiratory rate 
D) increased tidal volume

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the equal pressure point (EPP) is true?

Accepted Answer

A) As gas travels from the EPP to the mouth, greater expiratory effort increases flow. 
B) At the EPP, pressure inside the airway exceeds Ppl. 
C) The EPP normally occurs at volumes greatly below the FRC. 
D) Upstream from the EPP (toward the alveoli), Ppl exceeds pressure in the airway. 
A) As gas travels from the EPP to the mouth, greater expiratory effort increases flow. 
B) At the EPP, pressure inside the airway exceeds Ppl. 
C) The EPP normally occurs at volumes greatly below the FRC. 
D) Upstream from the EPP (toward the alveoli), Ppl exceeds pressure in the airway.

Question 3

Which of the following lung units would empty and fill most slowly?

Accepted Answer

A) a unit with high resistance and high compliance 
B) a unit with high resistance and low compliance 
C) a unit with low resistance and high compliance 
D) a unit with low resistance and low compliance 
A) a unit with high resistance and high compliance 
B) a unit with high resistance and low compliance 
C) a unit with low resistance and high compliance 
D) a unit with low resistance and low compliance

Question 4

Blockage of the pulmonary arterial circulation to a portion of the lung would cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) decrease in anatomical dead space 
B) decrease in physiologic dead space 
C) increase in alveolar dead space 
D) increase in anatomical dead space 
A) decrease in anatomical dead space 
B) decrease in physiologic dead space 
C) increase in alveolar dead space 
D) increase in anatomical dead space

Question 5

The presence of surfactant in the alveoli tends to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) decrease compliance 
B) decrease surface tension 
C) increase elastance 
D) increase resistance 
A) decrease compliance 
B) decrease surface tension 
C) increase elastance 
D) increase resistance

Question 6

What is the normal increase in ventilation that occurs with increased metabolic rates called?

Accepted Answer

A) hyperpnea 
B) hyperventilation 
C) hypopnea 
D) hypoventilation 
A) hyperpnea 
B) hyperventilation 
C) hypopnea 
D) hypoventilation

Question 7

What is ventilation that is insufficient to meet metabolic needs called?

Accepted Answer

A) hypoventilation 
B) hyperventilation 
C) hyperpnea 
D) hypopnea 
A) hypoventilation 
B) hyperventilation 
C) hyperpnea 
D) hypopnea

Question 8

A lung that loses elastic fibers (as in emphysema) would exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased airways resistance 
B) decreased pulmonary vascular resistance 
C) increased airway resistance 
D) increased pulmonary compliance 
A) decreased airways resistance 
B) decreased pulmonary vascular resistance 
C) increased airway resistance 
D) increased pulmonary compliance

Question 9

All of the following will cause an increase in the pressure energy required for inspiration EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A) increased compliance 
B) increased flow 
C) increased resistance 
D) increased volume 
A) increased compliance 
B) increased flow 
C) increased resistance 
D) increased volume

Question 10

A patient has a VT of 625 ml and a physiological dead space of 275 ml and is breathing at a frequency of 16 per minute. What is the alveolar ventilation (VA)?

Accepted Answer

A) 3000 ml/min 
B) 4400 ml/min 
C) 5600 ml/min 
D) 7000 ml/min 
A) 3000 ml/min 
B) 4400 ml/min 
C) 5600 ml/min 
D) 7000 ml/min

Question 11

Total lung-thorax compliance in normal subjects is about what level?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 L/cm H2O 
B) 0.2 L/cm H2O 
C) 1.0 L/cm H2O 
D) 2.0 L/cm H2O 
A) 0.1 L/cm H2O 
B) 0.2 L/cm H2O 
C) 1.0 L/cm H2O 
D) 2.0 L/cm H2O

Question 12

Normal Raw is approximately which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 to 0.2 cm H2O/L/sec 
B) 0.5 to 2.5 cm H2O/L/sec 
C) 15.0 to 20.0 cm H2O/L/sec 
D) 20.0 to 25.0 cm H2O/L/sec 
A) 0.1 to 0.2 cm H2O/L/sec 
B) 0.5 to 2.5 cm H2O/L/sec 
C) 15.0 to 20.0 cm H2O/L/sec 
D) 20.0 to 25.0 cm H2O/L/sec

Question 13

What happens during normal inspiration?
I.The Ppl decreases further below atmospheric.
II.The transpulmonary pressure gradient widens.
III.Palv drops below that at the airway opening.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I only 
D) I and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I only 
D) I and III

Question 14

Which of the following statements about alveolar pressure (Palv) during normal quiet breathing is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration. 
B) It is the same as intrapleural pressure (Ppl). 
C) It is negative during inspiration and positive during expiration. 
D) It always remains less than atmospheric pressure. 
A) It is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration. 
B) It is the same as intrapleural pressure (Ppl). 
C) It is negative during inspiration and positive during expiration. 
D) It always remains less than atmospheric pressure.

Question 15

A patient has a PCO2 of 56 mm Hg. Based on this information, what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient is hyperventilating. 
B) The patient is hypoventilating. 
C) The patient's breathing rate is fast. 
D) The patient's VT is low. 
A) The patient is hyperventilating. 
B) The patient is hypoventilating. 
C) The patient's breathing rate is fast. 
D) The patient's VT is low.

Question 16

During normal inspiration, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Alveoli at the apexes expand less than those at the bases. 
B) Alveoli at the apexes expand more than those at the bases. 
C) Alveoli at the bases expand less than those at the apexes. 
D) Central alveoli expand more than those at the periphery. 
A) Alveoli at the apexes expand less than those at the bases. 
B) Alveoli at the apexes expand more than those at the bases. 
C) Alveoli at the bases expand less than those at the apexes. 
D) Central alveoli expand more than those at the periphery.

Question 17

According to Poiseuille's law, which of the following statements are true if we wish to maintain a constant flow of gases?

Accepted Answer

A) Alveolar recruitment has its greatest affect on flow. 
B) Halving the tube radius will require a 16-time increase in driving pressure. 
C) Large jumps in driving pressure are needed to overcome airway narrowing. 
D) The driving pressure varies directly with the airway circumference. 
A) Alveolar recruitment has its greatest affect on flow. 
B) Halving the tube radius will require a 16-time increase in driving pressure. 
C) Large jumps in driving pressure are needed to overcome airway narrowing. 
D) The driving pressure varies directly with the airway circumference.

Question 18

What is gas that is wasted during normal ventilation called?

Accepted Answer

A) alveolar ventilation 
B) bronchial ventilation 
C) conducting ventilation 
D) dead space ventilation 
A) alveolar ventilation 
B) bronchial ventilation 
C) conducting ventilation 
D) dead space ventilation

Question 19

During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) mid-inspiration 
B) end-expiration 
C) end-inspiration 
D) mid-expiration 
A) mid-inspiration 
B) end-expiration 
C) end-inspiration 
D) mid-expiration

Question 20

Which of the following diseases or disorders is most likely to result in an increased VD/VT ratio?

Accepted Answer

A) atelectasis 
B) pneumonia 
C) pulmonary embolus 
D) pulmonary fibrosis 
A) atelectasis 
B) pneumonia 
C) pulmonary embolus 
D) pulmonary fibrosis

Exam 10: Ventilation

How can the body effectively compensate for an increased VDphy?

Which of the following statements about the equal pressure point (EPP) is true?

Which of the following lung units would empty and fill most slowly?

Blockage of the pulmonary arterial circulation to a portion of the lung would cause which of the following?

The presence of surfactant in the alveoli tends to do which of the following?

What is the normal increase in ventilation that occurs with increased metabolic rates called?

What is ventilation that is insufficient to meet metabolic needs called?

A lung that loses elastic fibers (as in emphysema) would exhibit which of the following characteristics?

All of the following will cause an increase in the pressure energy required for inspiration EXCEPT which one?

A patient has a VT of 625 ml and a physiological dead space of 275 ml and is breathing at a frequency of 16 per minute. What is the alveolar ventilation (VA)?

Total lung-thorax compliance in normal subjects is about what level?

Normal Raw is approximately which of the following?

What happens during normal inspiration? I.The Ppl decreases further below atmospheric. II.The transpulmonary pressure gradient widens. III.Palv drops below that at the airway opening.

Which of the following statements about alveolar pressure (Palv) during normal quiet breathing is true?

A patient has a PCO2 of 56 mm Hg. Based on this information, what can be concluded?

During normal inspiration, which of the following occurs?

According to Poiseuille's law, which of the following statements are true if we wish to maintain a constant flow of gases?

What is gas that is wasted during normal ventilation called?

During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle?

Which of the following diseases or disorders is most likely to result in an increased VD/VT ratio?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

How can the body effectively compensate for an increased V_Dphy?

A patient has a V_T of 625 ml and a physiological dead space of 275 ml and is breathing at a frequency of 16 per minute. What is the alveolar ventilation (V_A)?

What happens during normal inspiration? I.The P_pl decreases further below atmospheric. II.The transpulmonary pressure gradient widens. III.P_alv drops below that at the airway opening.

Which of the following statements about alveolar pressure (P_alv) during normal quiet breathing is true?

A patient has a PCO₂ of 56 mm Hg. Based on this information, what can be concluded?

During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (P_alv - P_pl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle?

Which of the following diseases or disorders is most likely to result in an increased V_D/V_T ratio?