Question 1

What is ventilation in excess of metabolic needs called?

Accepted Answer

A) hyperpnea 
B) hyperventilation 
C) hypopnea 
D) hypoventilation 
A) hyperpnea 
B) hyperventilation 
C) hypopnea 
D) hypoventilation

Question 2

What is the term for the impedance to ventilation caused by the movement of gas through the conducting system of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) airway resistance 
B) lung compliance 
C) surface tension 
D) tissue elastance 
A) airway resistance 
B) lung compliance 
C) surface tension 
D) tissue elastance

Question 3

In a normal individual lying on the right side (right side down), which of the following conditions would be true?

Accepted Answer

A) Both lungs would receive nearly equal ventilation. 
B) The left lung would receive the most ventilation. 
C) The right lung would receive the most ventilation. 
D) There is inadequate information to make a decision. 
A) Both lungs would receive nearly equal ventilation. 
B) The left lung would receive the most ventilation. 
C) The right lung would receive the most ventilation. 
D) There is inadequate information to make a decision.

Question 4

At approximately what point during a maximum inspiration does the chest wall reach its natural resting level?

Accepted Answer

A) about 30% of the VC 
B) about 40% of the total lung capacity (TL
C)  
C) about 70% of the VC 
D) about 90% of the VC 
A) about 30% of the VC 
B) about 40% of the total lung capacity (TL
C)  
C) about 70% of the VC 
D) about 90% of the VC

Question 5

Which of the following factors affects Raw?
I.pattern of gas flow (e.g., laminar versus turbulent)II.characteristics of the gas being breathed
III.diameter and length of the airways
IV.variations in lung compliance

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) IV only 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) IV only 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true about pressure differences in the upright lung?
I.Ppl increases from lung apex to base.
II.The apical alveoli resting volume is less than at the base.
III.The transpulmonary pressure gradient is greatest at the apex.

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) I, II, and III 
C) II and III 
D) I and II 
A) I and III 
B) I, II, and III 
C) II and III 
D) I and II

Question 7

Given a constant resistance, how will increasing the compliance of a lung unit alter gas movement into and out of the alveolus?

Accepted Answer

A) Both filling and emptying will be slower. 
B) The alveolus will fill and empty more quickly. 
C) The alveolus will fill more quickly but empty more slowly. 
D) The alveolus will fill more slowly but empty more quickly. 
A) Both filling and emptying will be slower. 
B) The alveolus will fill and empty more quickly. 
C) The alveolus will fill more quickly but empty more slowly. 
D) The alveolus will fill more slowly but empty more quickly.

Question 8

What occurs at a lung volume equivalent to the functional residual capacity (FRC)?
I.The forces of the chest wall and lungs are in balance.
II.Chest wall expansion is offset by lung contraction.
III.Opposing chest wall-lung forces generate negative Ppl.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) I and III 
D) II and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) I and III 
D) II and III

Question 9

What term is used to note the difference between inspiratory lung volume and expiratory lung volume at any given pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) alveolar aphasia 
B) hysteresis 
C) pleural pressure variance 
D) transpulmonary pressures 
A) alveolar aphasia 
B) hysteresis 
C) pleural pressure variance 
D) transpulmonary pressures

Question 10

Regional factors affecting the distribution of gas in the normal lung result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) More ventilation goes to the apexes and lung periphery. 
B) More ventilation goes to the apexes and lung core. 
C) More ventilation goes to the bases and lung core. 
D) More ventilation goes to the bases and lung periphery. 
A) More ventilation goes to the apexes and lung periphery. 
B) More ventilation goes to the apexes and lung core. 
C) More ventilation goes to the bases and lung core. 
D) More ventilation goes to the bases and lung periphery.

Question 11

Which of the following ventilatory patterns would result in the MOST wasted ventilation per minute (assume constant physiologic dead space)? Frequency
Tidal Volume

Accepted Answer

A)  $8 \quad 800$ 
B)  $16 \quad 220$ 
C)  $25 \quad 200$ 
D)  $30 \quad 170$ 
A)  $8 \quad 800$ 
B)  $16 \quad 220$ 
C)  $25 \quad 200$ 
D)  $30 \quad 170$

Question 12

In individuals with disorders characterized by an increased frictional work of breathing, such as emphysema, which of the following breathing patterns results in the minimum work?

Accepted Answer

A) rapid and deep breathing 
B) rapid and shallow breathing 
C) slow and deep breathing 
D) slow and shallow breathing 
A) rapid and deep breathing 
B) rapid and shallow breathing 
C) slow and deep breathing 
D) slow and shallow breathing

Question 13

How is compliance computed?

Accepted Answer

A) change in pressure/change in flow 
B) change in pressure/change in volume 
C) change in volume/change in flow 
D) change in volume/change in pressure 
A) change in pressure/change in flow 
B) change in pressure/change in volume 
C) change in volume/change in flow 
D) change in volume/change in pressure

Question 14

Which is the correct formula to calculate the alveolar minute ventilation of a spontaneously breathing subject?

Accepted Answer

A) f * VDS/VT 
B) f * VT 
C) f * (VT - VDSphys) 
D) f * (VT + VDSphys) 
A) f * VDS/VT 
B) f * VT 
C) f * (VT - VDSphys) 
D) f * (VT + VDSphys)

Question 15

For healthy individuals at rest, which of the following statements about exhalation is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Exhalation will be passive, due to inspiratory stored potential energy. 
B) Exhalation will only require 40% of the energy expended for inspiration. 
C) Exhalation will be the result of accessory respiratory muscle use. 
D) Exhalation will generally take half the time of inspiration. 
A) Exhalation will be passive, due to inspiratory stored potential energy. 
B) Exhalation will only require 40% of the energy expended for inspiration. 
C) Exhalation will be the result of accessory respiratory muscle use. 
D) Exhalation will generally take half the time of inspiration.

Question 16

A normal 150-lb man is breathing at a rate of 17 with a tidal volume of 450 ml. By estimation, what is his approximate alveolar ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) 7.65 L/min 
B) 5.10 L/min 
C) 3.85 L/min 
D) 2.60 L/min 
A) 7.65 L/min 
B) 5.10 L/min 
C) 3.85 L/min 
D) 2.60 L/min

Question 17

Which of the following ventilatory patterns would result in the greatest $\dot { V }$ A per minute (assume constant dead space)?  $\underline {Frequency}~~~~ \underline { { Tidal~ Volume } }$
$\begin{array}{lll}
\text { A. } 8 &&& 840 \
\text { B. } 18 &&& 220 \
\text { C. } 24 &&& 250 \
\text { D. } 30 &&& 160
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

Question 18

Which of the following pressures normally remains negative (relative to atmospheric pressure) during quiet breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) Palv 
B) Ppl 
C) Pao 
D) Pbs 
A) Palv 
B) Ppl 
C) Pao 
D) Pbs

Exam 10: Ventilation

What is ventilation in excess of metabolic needs called?

What is the term for the impedance to ventilation caused by the movement of gas through the conducting system of the lungs?

In a normal individual lying on the right side (right side down), which of the following conditions would be true?

At approximately what point during a maximum inspiration does the chest wall reach its natural resting level?

Which of the following factors affects Raw? I.pattern of gas flow (e.g., laminar versus turbulent)II.characteristics of the gas being breathed III.diameter and length of the airways IV.variations in lung compliance

Which of the following statements are true about pressure differences in the upright lung? I.Ppl increases from lung apex to base. II.The apical alveoli resting volume is less than at the base. III.The transpulmonary pressure gradient is greatest at the apex.

Given a constant resistance, how will increasing the compliance of a lung unit alter gas movement into and out of the alveolus?

What occurs at a lung volume equivalent to the functional residual capacity (FRC)? I.The forces of the chest wall and lungs are in balance. II.Chest wall expansion is offset by lung contraction. III.Opposing chest wall-lung forces generate negative Ppl.

What term is used to note the difference between inspiratory lung volume and expiratory lung volume at any given pressure?

Regional factors affecting the distribution of gas in the normal lung result in which of the following?

Which of the following ventilatory patterns would result in the MOST wasted ventilation per minute (assume constant physiologic dead space)? Frequency Tidal Volume

In individuals with disorders characterized by an increased frictional work of breathing, such as emphysema, which of the following breathing patterns results in the minimum work?

How is compliance computed?

Which is the correct formula to calculate the alveolar minute ventilation of a spontaneously breathing subject?

For healthy individuals at rest, which of the following statements about exhalation is true?

A normal 150-lb man is breathing at a rate of 17 with a tidal volume of 450 ml. By estimation, what is his approximate alveolar ventilation?

Which of the following ventilatory patterns would result in the greatest V˙\dot { V }V˙ A per minute (assume constant dead space)? Frequency‾ Tidal Volume‾\underline {Frequency}~~~~ \underline { { Tidal~ Volume } }Frequency​ Tidal Volume​ A. 8 840 B. 18 220 C. 24 250 D. 30 160

Which of the following pressures normally remains negative (relative to atmospheric pressure) during quiet breathing?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Which of the following statements are true about pressure differences in the upright lung? I.P_pl increases from lung apex to base. II.The apical alveoli resting volume is less than at the base. III.The transpulmonary pressure gradient is greatest at the apex.

What occurs at a lung volume equivalent to the functional residual capacity (FRC)? I.The forces of the chest wall and lungs are in balance. II.Chest wall expansion is offset by lung contraction. III.Opposing chest wall-lung forces generate negative P_pl.

Which of the following ventilatory patterns would result in the greatest $\dot { V }$ _A per minute (assume constant dead space)? $\underline {Frequency}~~~~ \underline { { Tidal~ Volume } }$ A. 8 840 B. 18 220 C. 24 250 D. 30 160