Question 1

What are the benefits of using membranes to perform enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) They improve specificity and signal strength. 
B) They enhance speed and signal strength. 
C) They enhance speed and sensitivity. 
D) They improve specificity and sensitivity. 
A) They improve specificity and signal strength. 
B) They enhance speed and signal strength. 
C) They enhance speed and sensitivity. 
D) They improve specificity and sensitivity.

Question 2

All of the following are antigens present in a hepatitis B infection except:

Accepted Answer

A) HBsAg. 
B) HBcAg. 
C) HBeAg. 
D) VCNA. 
A) HBsAg. 
B) HBcAg. 
C) HBeAg. 
D) VCNA.

Question 3

What can cause a false-positive IgM serologic test?

Accepted Answer

A) The presence of IgG antibodies 
B) The presence of rheumatoid factors 
C) The presence of Rh factor 
D) The presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies 
A) The presence of IgG antibodies 
B) The presence of rheumatoid factors 
C) The presence of Rh factor 
D) The presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies

Question 4

What is ASO used for?

Accepted Answer

A) To demonstrate serologic response to streptococcal antigen 
B) To determine if a strep has been lysogenized 
C) To determine if a strep produces a hemolysin 
D) To demonstrate serologic response to Streptococcus pyogenes 
A) To demonstrate serologic response to streptococcal antigen 
B) To determine if a strep has been lysogenized 
C) To determine if a strep produces a hemolysin 
D) To demonstrate serologic response to Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 5

All of the following are identifiable viral agents of gastroenteritis except:

Accepted Answer

A) Norwalk. 
B) rotavirus. 
C) enteric adenoviruses. 
D) cytomegalovirus (CMV). 
A) Norwalk. 
B) rotavirus. 
C) enteric adenoviruses. 
D) cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Question 6

What is the principle of the flocculation test?

Accepted Answer

A) The antigen is incorporated into the agar and the test wells hold the antibody.The antibody and antigen combine at a specific concentration and produce a zone of equivalence. 
B) Antibodies are mixed with a labeled antigen, and a sandwich reaction occurs. 
C) Antibodies and antigens combine then precipitate out of a solution to the bottom of the tube. 
D) The antigen-antibody reaction forms a macroscopically visible clump that remains in solution. 
A) The antigen is incorporated into the agar and the test wells hold the antibody.The antibody and antigen combine at a specific concentration and produce a zone of equivalence. 
B) Antibodies are mixed with a labeled antigen, and a sandwich reaction occurs. 
C) Antibodies and antigens combine then precipitate out of a solution to the bottom of the tube. 
D) The antigen-antibody reaction forms a macroscopically visible clump that remains in solution.

Question 7

Indirect agglutination is also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) passive agglutination. 
B) incomplete agglutination. 
C) active agglutination. 
D) flocculation. 
A) passive agglutination. 
B) incomplete agglutination. 
C) active agglutination. 
D) flocculation.

Question 8

A false-negative test may be caused by all the following immune system-mediated reasons except:

Accepted Answer

A) allergic reaction. 
B) no immune response. 
C) immunodeficiency disease. 
D) immunosuppression. 
A) allergic reaction. 
B) no immune response. 
C) immunodeficiency disease. 
D) immunosuppression.

Question 9

What tests are performed on newborns to detect congenital infections?

Accepted Answer

A) TORCH 
B) TWAR 
C) CMV 
D) HIV 
A) TORCH 
B) TWAR 
C) CMV 
D) HIV

Question 10

How can one determine if a person has had a previous illness with an organism?

Accepted Answer

A) Perform acute and convalescent IgM levels. 
B) Perform acute and convalescent IgG levels. 
C) Perform an IgM level 1 week after the symptoms start. 
D) Perform an IgG level 1 week after the symptoms start. 
A) Perform acute and convalescent IgM levels. 
B) Perform acute and convalescent IgG levels. 
C) Perform an IgM level 1 week after the symptoms start. 
D) Perform an IgG level 1 week after the symptoms start.

Question 11

For which organism is DFA used for detection, despite the test having a low sensitivity (25% to 75%)?

Accepted Answer

A) Neisseria 
B) Streptococcus 
C) Legionella 
D) Klebsiella 
A) Neisseria 
B) Streptococcus 
C) Legionella 
D) Klebsiella

Question 12

The advantages of latex agglutination include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) availability of good quality reagents in complete kit form. 
B) good sensitivity. 
C) ease of performance. 
D) cost of reagents. 
A) availability of good quality reagents in complete kit form. 
B) good sensitivity. 
C) ease of performance. 
D) cost of reagents.

Question 13

Antibodies for many antigens can be passively acquired in:

Accepted Answer

A) vaccinations. 
B) flu shots. 
C) intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. 
D) all of the above. 
A) vaccinations. 
B) flu shots. 
C) intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. 
D) all of the above.

Question 14

Which test is a confirmatory test of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HIV?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A)  
B) Northern blot 
C) Southern blot 
D) Western blot 
A) Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A)  
B) Northern blot 
C) Southern blot 
D) Western blot

Question 15

All of the following controls must accompany the patient specimens in a latex agglutination test for antigen detection except _____ control.

Accepted Answer

A) positive antigen 
B) negative antigen 
C) latex suspension 
D) positive antibody 
A) positive antigen 
B) negative antigen 
C) latex suspension 
D) positive antibody

Question 16

What is the earliest serologic marker detected in hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

A) HAV 
B) HBsAg 
C) HBcAg 
D) HBeAg 
A) HAV 
B) HBsAg 
C) HBcAg 
D) HBeAg

Exam 10: Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

What are the benefits of using membranes to perform enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactions?

All of the following are antigens present in a hepatitis B infection except:

What can cause a false-positive IgM serologic test?

What is ASO used for?

All of the following are identifiable viral agents of gastroenteritis except:

What is the principle of the flocculation test?

Indirect agglutination is also referred to as:

A false-negative test may be caused by all the following immune system-mediated reasons except:

What tests are performed on newborns to detect congenital infections?

How can one determine if a person has had a previous illness with an organism?

For which organism is DFA used for detection, despite the test having a low sensitivity (25% to 75%)?

The advantages of latex agglutination include all the following except:

Antibodies for many antigens can be passively acquired in:

Which test is a confirmatory test of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HIV?

All of the following controls must accompany the patient specimens in a latex agglutination test for antigen detection except _____ control.

What is the earliest serologic marker detected in hepatitis B?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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