Question 1

Why is the travel history of the patient important when evaluating a person with acute diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Travel to different countries puts one at risk for various infections. 
B) Some countries are dirtier than others. 
C) The United States is clean, and usually bad infections cannot be contracted here. 
D) All of the above. 
A) Travel to different countries puts one at risk for various infections. 
B) Some countries are dirtier than others. 
C) The United States is clean, and usually bad infections cannot be contracted here. 
D) All of the above. A

Question 2

How does the small intestine try to prevent infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Caustic secretions 
B) Acidic secretions 
C) Anatomic structure 
D) Peristalsis 
A) Caustic secretions 
B) Acidic secretions 
C) Anatomic structure 
D) Peristalsis D

Question 3

Which of the following is an opportunistic virus that can lead to diarrhea in an immunocompromised host?

Accepted Answer

A) Rubella 
B) Parvo B19 
C) Cytomegalovirus 
D) Filovirus 
A) Rubella 
B) Parvo B19 
C) Cytomegalovirus 
D) Filovirus C

Question 4

How is diarrhea disease usually contracted?

Accepted Answer

A) By air 
B) By blood 
C) By contaminated food or water 
D) By respiratory droplet 
A) By air 
B) By blood 
C) By contaminated food or water 
D) By respiratory droplet

Question 5

What virus causes an acute self-limited diarrheal illness that is highly contagious through contaminated food, water, fomites, or person-to-person contact and is associated with vomiting and low-grade fever?

Accepted Answer

A) Astroviruses 
B) Rotaviruses 
C) Enteric arenaviruses 
D) Norovirus 
A) Astroviruses 
B) Rotaviruses 
C) Enteric arenaviruses 
D) Norovirus

Question 6

What condition caused by acute diarrheal disease can significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of the disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Volume depletion 
D) Starvation 
A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Volume depletion 
D) Starvation

Question 7

What defense mechanism does the colon have to guard against infection?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA antibody is produced. 
B) IgE antibody is produced. 
C) Nonspecific immune defenses are resident here and take care of pathogens. 
D) The anatomic structure makes it tough for organisms to adhere. 
A) IgA antibody is produced. 
B) IgE antibody is produced. 
C) Nonspecific immune defenses are resident here and take care of pathogens. 
D) The anatomic structure makes it tough for organisms to adhere.

Question 8

Disease caused by which of the following organisms has fever, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and stools with gross blood and pus?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Clostridium difficile 
C) Campylobacter jejuni 
D) Bacillus cereus 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Clostridium difficile 
C) Campylobacter jejuni 
D) Bacillus cereus

Question 9

What is the most common cause of death among patients with diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Sepsis 
B) Septic shock 
C) Dehydration 
D) Secondary bacterial infections 
A) Sepsis 
B) Septic shock 
C) Dehydration 
D) Secondary bacterial infections

Question 10

What toxin does Shigella spp.produce?

Accepted Answer

A) Typhi 
B) Enterotoxin 
C) Shiga 
D) Campy 
A) Typhi 
B) Enterotoxin 
C) Shiga 
D) Campy

Question 11

What organism grows best at 42° C and in a reduced oxygen atmosphere (5% to 10%)?

Accepted Answer

A) Shigella sonnei 
B) Clostridium difficile 
C) Campylobacter jejuni 
D) Escherichia coli 
A) Shigella sonnei 
B) Clostridium difficile 
C) Campylobacter jejuni 
D) Escherichia coli

Question 12

What organism that causes gastroenteritis can be found in aquaculture-farmed fish?

Accepted Answer

A) Salmonella 
B) Campylobacter 
C) Vibrio 
D) Shigella 
A) Salmonella 
B) Campylobacter 
C) Vibrio 
D) Shigella

Question 13

All of the following organisms are commonly implicated in a foodborne outbreak except:

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus. 
B) Salmonella spp. 
C) Clostridium botulinum. 
D) Vibrio cholerae. 
A) Staphylococcus aureus. 
B) Salmonella spp. 
C) Clostridium botulinum. 
D) Vibrio cholerae.

Question 14

What type of diarrheal illness has a rapid onset of symptoms after food ingestion (usually less than 12 hours)?

Accepted Answer

A) Diarrhea where the mucosal surface is invaded 
B) Diarrhea where the full bowel thickness is invaded 
C) Diarrhea caused by endotoxins 
D) Diarrhea caused by enterotoxins 
A) Diarrhea where the mucosal surface is invaded 
B) Diarrhea where the full bowel thickness is invaded 
C) Diarrhea caused by endotoxins 
D) Diarrhea caused by enterotoxins

Question 15

What is the environmental reservoir of Campylobacter?

Accepted Answer

A) Lakes and rivers 
B) Fish 
C) Arthropod vector 
D) Wild and domestic animals 
A) Lakes and rivers 
B) Fish 
C) Arthropod vector 
D) Wild and domestic animals

Question 16

What organ is colonized in a patient that carries Salmonella typhi?

Accepted Answer

A) Colon 
B) Gallbladder 
C) Rectum 
D) Small intestine 
A) Colon 
B) Gallbladder 
C) Rectum 
D) Small intestine

Question 17

A microbiologist is reading a Gram stain and observes gram-negative, curved rods with a seagull-wing appearance.What organism could this be?

Accepted Answer

A) Campylobacter or Vibrio 
B) Shigella or Vibrio 
C) Campylobacter or Shigella 
D) All of the above 
A) Campylobacter or Vibrio 
B) Shigella or Vibrio 
C) Campylobacter or Shigella 
D) All of the above

Question 18

What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world?

Accepted Answer

A) Salmonella typhi 
B) Campylobacter jejuni 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Yersinia enterocolitica 
A) Salmonella typhi 
B) Campylobacter jejuni 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 19

A man and his family drive to the coast and have an oyster dinner.A couple of days later, the man arrives at the emergency department with a fever, bullous skin lesions, and diarrhea.He is extremely ill and the physician questions whether he is septic.Blood and stool specimens are collected.The microbiologist notices curved gram-negative rods on the stool Gram stain.What is the most probable organism causing this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Yersinia enterocolitica 
B) Cryptosporidium jejuni 
C) Vibrio vulnificus 
D) Vibrio cholerae 
A) Yersinia enterocolitica 
B) Cryptosporidium jejuni 
C) Vibrio vulnificus 
D) Vibrio cholerae

Question 20

What type of diarrheal illness has no fever and no blood or pus in the stool?

Accepted Answer

A) Diarrhea where the mucosal surface is invaded 
B) Diarrhea where the full bowel thickness is invaded 
C) Diarrhea caused by endotoxins 
D) Diarrhea caused by enterotoxins 
A) Diarrhea where the mucosal surface is invaded 
B) Diarrhea where the full bowel thickness is invaded 
C) Diarrhea caused by endotoxins 
D) Diarrhea caused by enterotoxins

Exam 34: Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Why is the travel history of the patient important when evaluating a person with acute diarrhea?

How does the small intestine try to prevent infection?

Which of the following is an opportunistic virus that can lead to diarrhea in an immunocompromised host?

How is diarrhea disease usually contracted?

What virus causes an acute self-limited diarrheal illness that is highly contagious through contaminated food, water, fomites, or person-to-person contact and is associated with vomiting and low-grade fever?

What condition caused by acute diarrheal disease can significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of the disease?

What defense mechanism does the colon have to guard against infection?

Disease caused by which of the following organisms has fever, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and stools with gross blood and pus?

What is the most common cause of death among patients with diarrhea?

What toxin does Shigella spp.produce?

What organism grows best at 42° C and in a reduced oxygen atmosphere (5% to 10%)?

What organism that causes gastroenteritis can be found in aquaculture-farmed fish?

All of the following organisms are commonly implicated in a foodborne outbreak except:

What type of diarrheal illness has a rapid onset of symptoms after food ingestion (usually less than 12 hours)?

What is the environmental reservoir of Campylobacter?

What organ is colonized in a patient that carries Salmonella typhi?

A microbiologist is reading a Gram stain and observes gram-negative, curved rods with a seagull-wing appearance.What organism could this be?

What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world?

What type of diarrheal illness has no fever and no blood or pus in the stool?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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