Question 1

What organism is most commonly associated with bacteremia due to acute pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A) Escherichia coli 
B) Enterobacter aerogenes 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
D) Staphylococcus aureus 
A) Escherichia coli 
B) Enterobacter aerogenes 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
D) Staphylococcus aureus A

Question 2

All of the following factors are associated with an unfavorable outcome in bacteremia except:

Accepted Answer

A) surface wound or abscess. 
B) polymicrobial bacteremia. 
C) presence of malignancy. 
D) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 
A) surface wound or abscess. 
B) polymicrobial bacteremia. 
C) presence of malignancy. 
D) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A

Question 3

Which of the following organisms are inhibited by the anticoagulant sodium polyanethole sulfonate (SPS)?

Accepted Answer

A) Enterobacter aerogenes 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes 
A) Enterobacter aerogenes 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes C

Question 4

Lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria and the lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria cause which of the following to be released in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) Tumor necrosis factor 
B) Interleukin (IL)-1 
C) IL-6 
D) All of the above 
A) Tumor necrosis factor 
B) Interleukin (IL)-1 
C) IL-6 
D) All of the above

Question 5

What condition results when there is a procedural manipulation of a body site containing normal flora, causing those bacteria to enter the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous bacteremia 
B) Intermittent bacteremia 
C) Septic shock 
D) Transient bacteremia 
A) Continuous bacteremia 
B) Intermittent bacteremia 
C) Septic shock 
D) Transient bacteremia

Question 6

What is the most common clinical manifestation associated with continuous bacteremia?

Accepted Answer

A) Meningitis 
B) Pleurisy 
C) Encephalitis 
D) Endocarditis 
A) Meningitis 
B) Pleurisy 
C) Encephalitis 
D) Endocarditis

Question 7

What can happen when a transient bacteremia is produced from a dental procedure or a superficial skin infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Hepatitis can result. 
B) Pneumonia can result. 
C) Deep vein thrombosis can result. 
D) Cardiac valves can be seeded with bacteria. 
A) Hepatitis can result. 
B) Pneumonia can result. 
C) Deep vein thrombosis can result. 
D) Cardiac valves can be seeded with bacteria.

Question 8

What is the principle of a continuous monitoring blood culture system?

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of 14CO2 produced is measured as a growth index and compared with a threshold. 
B) The amount of increased lipopolysaccharide is measured and compared against the null value. 
C) The pH of the media is continuously measured to check for bacterial metabolic by-products. 
D) An optical monitor records the number of bacteria and records the growth. 
A) The amount of 14CO2 produced is measured as a growth index and compared with a threshold. 
B) The amount of increased lipopolysaccharide is measured and compared against the null value. 
C) The pH of the media is continuously measured to check for bacterial metabolic by-products. 
D) An optical monitor records the number of bacteria and records the growth.

Question 9

SPS performs all the following functions in the blood culture bottles except:

Accepted Answer

A) anticoagulation. 
B) prevention of phagocytosis. 
C) act as a bacterial nutrient. 
D) inactivate certain antibiotics. 
A) anticoagulation. 
B) prevention of phagocytosis. 
C) act as a bacterial nutrient. 
D) inactivate certain antibiotics.

Question 10

Development of a vaccine has decreased which major cause of bacteremia in children?

Accepted Answer

A) Haemophilus influenzae 
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C) Escherichia coli 
D) Hepatitis A 
A) Haemophilus influenzae 
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C) Escherichia coli 
D) Hepatitis A

Question 11

The recommendation of three sets of blood culture drawn at 1-hour intervals is recommended to diagnose which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Meningitis 
B) Infective endocarditis 
C) Pneumonia 
D) Peritonitis 
A) Meningitis 
B) Infective endocarditis 
C) Pneumonia 
D) Peritonitis

Question 12

Separate venipunctures were performed to collect three sets of blood cultures from a patient with an artificial heart valve.The first and third sets grew a gram-positive pleomorphic rod in 1 of 2 bottles while the second set had no growth in either bottle.What is the most likely explanation for these findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient probably has an infection with Clostridium spp. 
B) The blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora. 
C) The blood cultures were probably contaminated in the laboratory. 
D) The patient probably has an infection with Bacillus spp. 
A) The patient probably has an infection with Clostridium spp. 
B) The blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora. 
C) The blood cultures were probably contaminated in the laboratory. 
D) The patient probably has an infection with Bacillus spp.

Question 13

When drawing blood for blood cultures in a child younger than age 10, how much blood should be drawn?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 mL for each year of life 
B) 5 mL 
C) 2 mL 
D) 1 mL for children younger than 2 years old, 3 mL for children younger than 7 years old, and 5 mL for children up to 10 years old 
A) 1 mL for each year of life 
B) 5 mL 
C) 2 mL 
D) 1 mL for children younger than 2 years old, 3 mL for children younger than 7 years old, and 5 mL for children up to 10 years old

Question 14

Which immunosuppressive agent can increase a patient's risk of bacteremia?

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer chemotherapy 
B) Corticosteroid therapy 
C) Transplant maintenance therapy 
D) All of the above 
A) Cancer chemotherapy 
B) Corticosteroid therapy 
C) Transplant maintenance therapy 
D) All of the above

Question 15

If a patient with a bacteremia is receiving appropriate antibiotics for a known infection but is not responding to treatment, how does the physician find out if another organism is causing the problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Redraw the blood cultures. 
B) Redraw the blood cultures using an antibiotic removal device (AR
D) . 
C) Switch the patient to another antibiotic that will resolve the clinical symptoms. 
D) Perform hemodialysis to remove the organisms from the patient's blood. 
A) Redraw the blood cultures. 
B) Redraw the blood cultures using an antibiotic removal device (AR
D) . 
C) Switch the patient to another antibiotic that will resolve the clinical symptoms. 
D) Perform hemodialysis to remove the organisms from the patient's blood.

Question 16

All of the following organisms are colonizers of indwelling catheters except:

Accepted Answer

A) coagulase-negative staphylococci. 
B) Streptococcus pyogenes. 
C) Staphylococcus aureus. 
D) Enterococcus spp. 
A) coagulase-negative staphylococci. 
B) Streptococcus pyogenes. 
C) Staphylococcus aureus. 
D) Enterococcus spp.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a primary bacteremia source?

Accepted Answer

A) An infected heart valve 
B) A case of pneumonia 
C) A patient with hepatitis 
D) A wound abscess 
A) An infected heart valve 
B) A case of pneumonia 
C) A patient with hepatitis 
D) A wound abscess

Question 18

Septi-Chek is which type of blood culture system?

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous-monitoring blood culture system 
B) Lysis-centrifugation blood culture system 
C) Aerobic-anaerobic blood culture system 
D) Biphasic broth-slide system 
A) Continuous-monitoring blood culture system 
B) Lysis-centrifugation blood culture system 
C) Aerobic-anaerobic blood culture system 
D) Biphasic broth-slide system

Question 19

A patient receiving chemotherapy for leukemia has developed a fever causing the physician to request blood cultures times three.Each set of cultures grows an a-hemolytic streptococcal organism? What is the most likely explanation for these results?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient probably has an infection with a-hemolytic strep. 
B) The blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora 
C) The blood cultures were probably contaminated in the laboratory. 
D) The patient probably has an infection with Bacillus spp. 
A) The patient probably has an infection with a-hemolytic strep. 
B) The blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora 
C) The blood cultures were probably contaminated in the laboratory. 
D) The patient probably has an infection with Bacillus spp.

Question 20

Bacteremia with which organism often leads to endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscess, or pyomyositis?

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Exam 36: Bacteremia and Sepsis

What organism is most commonly associated with bacteremia due to acute pyelonephritis?

All of the following factors are associated with an unfavorable outcome in bacteremia except:

Which of the following organisms are inhibited by the anticoagulant sodium polyanethole sulfonate (SPS)?

Lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria and the lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria cause which of the following to be released in the human body?

What condition results when there is a procedural manipulation of a body site containing normal flora, causing those bacteria to enter the bloodstream?

What is the most common clinical manifestation associated with continuous bacteremia?

What can happen when a transient bacteremia is produced from a dental procedure or a superficial skin infection?

What is the principle of a continuous monitoring blood culture system?

SPS performs all the following functions in the blood culture bottles except:

Development of a vaccine has decreased which major cause of bacteremia in children?

The recommendation of three sets of blood culture drawn at 1-hour intervals is recommended to diagnose which of the following conditions?

When drawing blood for blood cultures in a child younger than age 10, how much blood should be drawn?

Which immunosuppressive agent can increase a patient's risk of bacteremia?

If a patient with a bacteremia is receiving appropriate antibiotics for a known infection but is not responding to treatment, how does the physician find out if another organism is causing the problem?

All of the following organisms are colonizers of indwelling catheters except:

Which of the following is an example of a primary bacteremia source?

Septi-Chek is which type of blood culture system?

A patient receiving chemotherapy for leukemia has developed a fever causing the physician to request blood cultures times three.Each set of cultures grows an a-hemolytic streptococcal organism? What is the most likely explanation for these results?

Bacteremia with which organism often leads to endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscess, or pyomyositis?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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