Question 1

An untreated patient develops tertiary syphilis _____ after the initial infection.

Accepted Answer

A) decades 
B) 2 to 3 years 
C) 1 year 
D) 5 years 
A) decades 
B) 2 to 3 years 
C) 1 year 
D) 5 years A

Question 2

What is a Leptospira infection called when it becomes a severe systemic disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Niemann-Pick 
B) Bordet-Gengou 
C) Gaucher's disease 
D) Weil's disease 
A) Niemann-Pick 
B) Bordet-Gengou 
C) Gaucher's disease 
D) Weil's disease D

Question 3

All of the following symptoms are characteristic of Weil's disease except:

Accepted Answer

A) pneumonia. 
B) renal failure. 
C) hepatic failure. 
D) intravascular disease. 
A) pneumonia. 
B) renal failure. 
C) hepatic failure. 
D) intravascular disease. A

Question 4

A man is taking a shower and notices this lesion on his penis that is not tender but is firm with a clean surface and raised edges.He is quite dismayed, so he goes to his physician.The physician does a rapid plasmin reagin (RPR) and a darkfield microscopy.Both tests are positive.What is the physician's probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Gonorrhea 
B) Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) 
C) Syphilis 
D) Human papillomavirus (HPV) 
A) Gonorrhea 
B) Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) 
C) Syphilis 
D) Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 5

Early-onset congenital syphilis is characterized by all the following symptoms except:

Accepted Answer

A) osteochondritis. 
B) anemia. 
C) hepatosplenomegaly. 
D) encephalitis. 
A) osteochondritis. 
B) anemia. 
C) hepatosplenomegaly. 
D) encephalitis.

Question 6

Once infected with Borrelia recurrentis, a 2- to 15-day incubation period follows where high numbers of organisms are found in the blood.The infected individual experiences high fever, rigors, severe headache, muscle pains, and weakness.This febrile period lasts for about 3 to 7 days, but ends quickly with the induction of an immune response.However, a similar but less severe course of symptoms recurs several days to weeks later.What causes this relapse?

Accepted Answer

A) The organism systematically changes its surface antigens during the course of a single infection. 
B) The organism produces extracellular toxins that cause the symptoms. 
C) This organism survives inside infected cells and once the cell dies, the organism is released into the blood, causing this relapse. 
D) This relapse occurs as the host is trying to mount the secondary antibody response. 
A) The organism systematically changes its surface antigens during the course of a single infection. 
B) The organism produces extracellular toxins that cause the symptoms. 
C) This organism survives inside infected cells and once the cell dies, the organism is released into the blood, causing this relapse. 
D) This relapse occurs as the host is trying to mount the secondary antibody response.

Question 7

What is a confirmatory test for a positive rapid plasmin reagin (RPR)?

Accepted Answer

A) Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) 
B) Fluorescent treponemal antibody, absorbed (FTA-ABS) 
C) Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A)  
D) Darkfield 
A) Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) 
B) Fluorescent treponemal antibody, absorbed (FTA-ABS) 
C) Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A)  
D) Darkfield

Question 8

What medium is used in the laboratory to grow leptospiral organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) MacConkey 
B) Fletcher's 
C) Sheep blood agar 
D) None of the above 
A) MacConkey 
B) Fletcher's 
C) Sheep blood agar 
D) None of the above

Question 9

What is the drug of choice for treating Borrelia infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Aminoglycosides 
B) Macrolides 
C) Tetracyclines 
D) Penicillins 
A) Aminoglycosides 
B) Macrolides 
C) Tetracyclines 
D) Penicillins

Question 10

A young woman notices a bruise that looks like an erythema chronicum migrans lesion on her lower leg.She cannot remember getting bruised, even though she went hiking through the woods last weekend.The bruise goes away in about a week and she thinks nothing more about it.About 2 weeks later, she begins to feel very bad.She has joint and bone pain, extreme fatigue, and her heart just "doesn't feel right." What disease does she have, and what antibiotic is used to treat it?

Accepted Answer

A) Lyme disease and doxycycline 
B) Relapsing fever and macrolides 
C) Parrot fever and penicillin 
D) Hemorrhagic fever and gentamicin 
A) Lyme disease and doxycycline 
B) Relapsing fever and macrolides 
C) Parrot fever and penicillin 
D) Hemorrhagic fever and gentamicin

Question 11

All of the following diseases are produced by Treponema except:

Accepted Answer

A) syphilis. 
B) elephantiasis. 
C) yaws. 
D) pinta. 
A) syphilis. 
B) elephantiasis. 
C) yaws. 
D) pinta.

Question 12

What is the primary method used to screen for syphilis infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Serologic 
B) Microscopy 
C) Culture 
D) Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A)  
A) Serologic 
B) Microscopy 
C) Culture 
D) Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A)

Question 13

What structure is responsible for motility in spirochetes?

Accepted Answer

A) Axiles 
B) Periplasmic flagella 
C) Flexible cell wall 
D) Compressed nucleus 
A) Axiles 
B) Periplasmic flagella 
C) Flexible cell wall 
D) Compressed nucleus

Question 14

What is the drug of choice used to treat syphilis?

Accepted Answer

A) Tetracycline 
B) Fluoroquinolones 
C) Penicillin 
D) Macrolides 
A) Tetracycline 
B) Fluoroquinolones 
C) Penicillin 
D) Macrolides

Question 15

Where on the body is the secondary syphilis rash typically seen?

Accepted Answer

A) Chest and back 
B) Back and soles 
C) Buttocks and palms 
D) Palms and soles 
A) Chest and back 
B) Back and soles 
C) Buttocks and palms 
D) Palms and soles

Question 16

Leptospiral organisms are susceptible to all the following antibiotics except:

Accepted Answer

A) streptomycin. 
B) tetracycline. 
C) penicillin. 
D) macrolides. 
A) streptomycin. 
B) tetracycline. 
C) penicillin. 
D) macrolides.

Question 17

What diseases do Borrelia spp.cause?

Accepted Answer

A) Undulant and hemorrhagic fevers 
B) Lyme disease and parrot fever 
C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever and relapsing fever 
D) Lyme disease and relapsing fever 
A) Undulant and hemorrhagic fevers 
B) Lyme disease and parrot fever 
C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever and relapsing fever 
D) Lyme disease and relapsing fever

Question 18

What organism causes relapsing fever?

Accepted Answer

A) Borrelia recurrentis 
B) B.burgdorferi 
C) Leptospira interrogans 
D) C.psittaci 
A) Borrelia recurrentis 
B) B.burgdorferi 
C) Leptospira interrogans 
D) C.psittaci

Question 19

How are Borrelia organisms transmitted to the host?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory droplets 
B) Arthropods 
C) Birds 
D) Blood or body fluids 
A) Respiratory droplets 
B) Arthropods 
C) Birds 
D) Blood or body fluids

Question 20

Spirochetes are made up of all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Helicobacter. 
B) Leptospira. 
C) Borrelia. 
D) Treponema. 
A) Helicobacter. 
B) Leptospira. 
C) Borrelia. 
D) Treponema.

Exam 23: The Spirochetes

An untreated patient develops tertiary syphilis _____ after the initial infection.

What is a Leptospira infection called when it becomes a severe systemic disease?

All of the following symptoms are characteristic of Weil's disease except:

Early-onset congenital syphilis is characterized by all the following symptoms except:

What is a confirmatory test for a positive rapid plasmin reagin (RPR)?

What medium is used in the laboratory to grow leptospiral organisms?

What is the drug of choice for treating Borrelia infections?

All of the following diseases are produced by Treponema except:

What is the primary method used to screen for syphilis infections?

What structure is responsible for motility in spirochetes?

What is the drug of choice used to treat syphilis?

Where on the body is the secondary syphilis rash typically seen?

Leptospiral organisms are susceptible to all the following antibiotics except:

What diseases do Borrelia spp.cause?

What organism causes relapsing fever?

How are Borrelia organisms transmitted to the host?

Spirochetes are made up of all the following except:

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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