Question 1

In what level of the biofilm do the organisms slightly downregulate their metabolic activity, but still use nutrients and exchange genes?

Accepted Answer

A) Outer 
B) Intermediate 
C) Inner 
D) Substrata 
A) Outer 
B) Intermediate 
C) Inner 
D) Substrata B

Question 2

In which step of the infectious process could biofilms help bacteria when it comes to developing colonization of indwelling medical devices?

Accepted Answer

A) Downregulation 
B) Phenotypic variation 
C) Genotypic variation 
D) Attachment 
A) Downregulation 
B) Phenotypic variation 
C) Genotypic variation 
D) Attachment D

Question 3

What disease, caused by biofilms, consumes more resources in the intensive care unit (ICU) than any other infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood cultures positive with coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B) Urinary tract infections due to gram-negative rods 
C) Surgical site infections 
D) Ventilator-associated pneumonia 
A) Blood cultures positive with coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B) Urinary tract infections due to gram-negative rods 
C) Surgical site infections 
D) Ventilator-associated pneumonia D

Question 4

Biofilms can protect its members from all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies. 
B) oxygen-reactive molecules. 
C) antimicrobial drugs. 
D) phagocytosis. 
A) antibodies. 
B) oxygen-reactive molecules. 
C) antimicrobial drugs. 
D) phagocytosis.

Question 5

Cobiofilms of what two organisms are associated with serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

Accepted Answer

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella 
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella 
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 6

What process allows the bacteria of the biofilm to spread to other body sites?

Accepted Answer

A) Conjugation 
B) Metastasis 
C) Disaggregation 
D) Planktonization 
A) Conjugation 
B) Metastasis 
C) Disaggregation 
D) Planktonization

Question 7

What is the common name for a dental biofilm?

Accepted Answer

A) Cavity 
B) Gingivitis 
C) Periodontitis 
D) Plaque 
A) Cavity 
B) Gingivitis 
C) Periodontitis 
D) Plaque

Question 8

The late colonizers in the dental biofilm include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Capnocytophaga. 
B) Streptococcus salivarius. 
C) Selenomonas flueggei. 
D) Prevotella spp. 
A) Capnocytophaga. 
B) Streptococcus salivarius. 
C) Selenomonas flueggei. 
D) Prevotella spp.

Question 9

In what level of the biofilm do the organisms downregulate very efficiently and are the least metabolically active?

Accepted Answer

A) Outer 
B) Intermediate 
C) Inner 
D) Substrata 
A) Outer 
B) Intermediate 
C) Inner 
D) Substrata

Question 10

What is stage I of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A) Multiplication phase 
B) Irreversible binding phase 
C) Layering phase 
D) Attachment phase 
A) Multiplication phase 
B) Irreversible binding phase 
C) Layering phase 
D) Attachment phase

Question 11

What is stage IV of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A) Multiplication phase 
B) Thickening phase 
C) Cell dispersion 
D) Planktonic stage 
A) Multiplication phase 
B) Thickening phase 
C) Cell dispersion 
D) Planktonic stage

Question 12

What is stage V of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A) Spreading phase 
B) Multiplication phase 
C) Cell dispersion 
D) Layering phase 
A) Spreading phase 
B) Multiplication phase 
C) Cell dispersion 
D) Layering phase

Question 13

What types of cells in a biofilm are viable but nonculturable?

Accepted Answer

A) Phagocytes 
B) Persister 
C) Attachment cells 
D) Layering cells 
A) Phagocytes 
B) Persister 
C) Attachment cells 
D) Layering cells

Question 14

All the following are laboratory-associated problems related to identifying biofilm-associated diseases except:

Accepted Answer

A) false-positive cultures. 
B) false-negative cultures. 
C) viable but noncultural organisms. 
D) loss of or decreased antimicrobial susceptibility. 
A) false-positive cultures. 
B) false-negative cultures. 
C) viable but noncultural organisms. 
D) loss of or decreased antimicrobial susceptibility.

Question 15

All of the following environmental and key cultural characteristics affect biofilms except:

Accepted Answer

A) movement of host. 
B) genotypic factors. 
C) nutritional resources. 
D) mechanical factors and sheer forces. 
A) movement of host. 
B) genotypic factors. 
C) nutritional resources. 
D) mechanical factors and sheer forces.

Question 16

What is stage III of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A) Irreversible binding phase 
B) Layering phase 
C) Attachment phase 
D) Multiplication phase 
A) Irreversible binding phase 
B) Layering phase 
C) Attachment phase 
D) Multiplication phase

Question 17

What are the metabolically inert microorganisms present in a biofilm called?

Accepted Answer

A) Spores 
B) Pheromone cells 
C) Quorum sensing cells 
D) Persister cells 
A) Spores 
B) Pheromone cells 
C) Quorum sensing cells 
D) Persister cells

Question 18

This layer of a biofilm is exposed to the highest concentration of nutrients and oxygen, containing the most active organisms.What layer is this?

Accepted Answer

A) Outer 
B) Inner 
C) Middle 
D) Substrata 
A) Outer 
B) Inner 
C) Middle 
D) Substrata

Question 19

What happens to dental plaque if it is allowed to remain undisturbed for several days?

Accepted Answer

A) The biofilm disaggregates. 
B) The persister cells predominate the biofilm. 
C) Pathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
D) Nonpathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
A) The biofilm disaggregates. 
B) The persister cells predominate the biofilm. 
C) Pathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
D) Nonpathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm.

Question 20

What do biofilms allow members of the microbial community to do?

Accepted Answer

A) Withstand the shear forces of blood and urine 
B) Remain in a nutrient rich environment 
C) Survive 
D) All of the above 
A) Withstand the shear forces of blood and urine 
B) Remain in a nutrient rich environment 
C) Survive 
D) All of the above

Exam 31: Biofilms: Architects of Disease

In what level of the biofilm do the organisms slightly downregulate their metabolic activity, but still use nutrients and exchange genes?

In which step of the infectious process could biofilms help bacteria when it comes to developing colonization of indwelling medical devices?

What disease, caused by biofilms, consumes more resources in the intensive care unit (ICU) than any other infectious disease?

Biofilms can protect its members from all of the following except:

Cobiofilms of what two organisms are associated with serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

What process allows the bacteria of the biofilm to spread to other body sites?

What is the common name for a dental biofilm?

The late colonizers in the dental biofilm include all the following except:

In what level of the biofilm do the organisms downregulate very efficiently and are the least metabolically active?

What is stage I of biofilm development?

What is stage IV of biofilm development?

What is stage V of biofilm development?

What types of cells in a biofilm are viable but nonculturable?

All the following are laboratory-associated problems related to identifying biofilm-associated diseases except:

All of the following environmental and key cultural characteristics affect biofilms except:

What is stage III of biofilm development?

What are the metabolically inert microorganisms present in a biofilm called?

This layer of a biofilm is exposed to the highest concentration of nutrients and oxygen, containing the most active organisms.What layer is this?

What happens to dental plaque if it is allowed to remain undisturbed for several days?

What do biofilms allow members of the microbial community to do?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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