Question 1

What organisms growing in a urine culture can be considered contaminants?

Accepted Answer

A) Enterobacteriaceae 
B) Streptococcus spp. 
C) Fungus 
D) Bacillus spp. 
A) Enterobacteriaceae 
B) Streptococcus spp. 
C) Fungus 
D) Bacillus spp. D

Question 2

Bacteria gain access to the urinary tract by all of the following routes except the:

Accepted Answer

A) ascending route. 
B) neurologic route. 
C) hematogenous route. 
D) lymphatic pathways. 
A) ascending route. 
B) neurologic route. 
C) hematogenous route. 
D) lymphatic pathways. B

Question 3

All of the following are reasons why institutionalized patients have more urinary tract infections (UTIs) than noninstitutionalized patients except:

Accepted Answer

A) general ill condition of institutionalized patients. 
B) less frequent emptying of the bladder. 
C) higher probability of urinary tract instrumentation. 
D) higher incidence of urinary tract anatomic or functional abnormalities. 
A) general ill condition of institutionalized patients. 
B) less frequent emptying of the bladder. 
C) higher probability of urinary tract instrumentation. 
D) higher incidence of urinary tract anatomic or functional abnormalities. B

Question 4

What specimen reduces the risk of contamination with urethral flora?

Accepted Answer

A) Catheterized specimen 
B) Suprapubic aspirate 
C) First morning specimen 
D) Voided midstream specimen 
A) Catheterized specimen 
B) Suprapubic aspirate 
C) First morning specimen 
D) Voided midstream specimen

Question 5

What part of the urinary tract is most susceptible to infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Urethral mucosa 
B) Bladder 
C) Ureters 
D) Nephrons 
A) Urethral mucosa 
B) Bladder 
C) Ureters 
D) Nephrons

Question 6

When a patient has an indwelling urinary catheter, what symptoms may be present indicating a urinary tract infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Flank pain and fever 
B) Urgency and dysuria 
C) Frequency and flank pain 
D) Costovertebral angle tenderness and fever 
A) Flank pain and fever 
B) Urgency and dysuria 
C) Frequency and flank pain 
D) Costovertebral angle tenderness and fever

Question 7

The symptoms of pyelonephritis include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) flank pain. 
B) costovertebral angle tenderness. 
C) fevers. 
D) septicemia. 
A) flank pain. 
B) costovertebral angle tenderness. 
C) fevers. 
D) septicemia.

Question 8

Because urine is an excellent supportive medium for bacteria growth, how must urine specimens be handled after collection?

Accepted Answer

A) Store at room temperature for up to 24 hours. 
B) Process the refrigerated specimen within 24 hours. 
C) Store in the refrigerator for 48 hours. 
D) Immediately refrigerate. 
A) Store at room temperature for up to 24 hours. 
B) Process the refrigerated specimen within 24 hours. 
C) Store in the refrigerator for 48 hours. 
D) Immediately refrigerate.

Question 9

What may candiduria signify?

Accepted Answer

A) Bladder or renal parenchymal infection 
B) Urinary tract fungus ball 
C) Disseminated candidiasis 
D) All of the above 
A) Bladder or renal parenchymal infection 
B) Urinary tract fungus ball 
C) Disseminated candidiasis 
D) All of the above

Question 10

All of the following can contribute to reduced leukocyte chemotaxis in the renal medulla except:

Accepted Answer

A) high ammonia concentration. 
B) hyperosmolarity. 
C) reduced water reabsorption. 
D) sluggish blood flow. 
A) high ammonia concentration. 
B) hyperosmolarity. 
C) reduced water reabsorption. 
D) sluggish blood flow.

Question 11

What group has more urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

Accepted Answer

A) Asymptomatic elderly men 
B) Symptomatic sexually active young women 
C) Symptomatic middle-age men 
D) Elderly women 
A) Asymptomatic elderly men 
B) Symptomatic sexually active young women 
C) Symptomatic middle-age men 
D) Elderly women

Question 12

What is the most commonly used method to collect urine samples?

Accepted Answer

A) Catheterized specimen 
B) Suprapubic aspirate 
C) First morning specimen 
D) Voided midstream specimen 
A) Catheterized specimen 
B) Suprapubic aspirate 
C) First morning specimen 
D) Voided midstream specimen

Question 13

What is the cause of most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C) Streptococcus agalactiae 
D) Escherichia coli 
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C) Streptococcus agalactiae 
D) Escherichia coli

Question 14

Screening methods for urinary tract infections are appropriate for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Urine specimens with significant pyuria and bacteriuria 
B) Straight catheterization 
C) Suprapubic aspiration 
D) Cystoscopy 
A) Urine specimens with significant pyuria and bacteriuria 
B) Straight catheterization 
C) Suprapubic aspiration 
D) Cystoscopy

Question 15

What is one factor that may contribute to the incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

A) Poor personal hygiene 
B) Contaminated instruments 
C) Increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics 
D) Increased use of multidrug regimens in hospitalized patients 
A) Poor personal hygiene 
B) Contaminated instruments 
C) Increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics 
D) Increased use of multidrug regimens in hospitalized patients

Question 16

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is associated with significant morbidity and long-term medical problems, including all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) impaired renal function. 
B) hypertension. 
C) end-stage renal disease. 
D) hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 
A) impaired renal function. 
B) hypertension. 
C) end-stage renal disease. 
D) hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Question 17

What size calibrated loops should be used to inoculate a urine sample that was collected by suprapubic aspiration?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.001 mL 
B) 0.01 mL 
C) 0.1 mL 
D) 1.0 mL 
A) 0.001 mL 
B) 0.01 mL 
C) 0.1 mL 
D) 1.0 mL

Question 18

The atypical clinical presentation of a geriatric patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) includes all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) burning upon urination. 
B) delirium. 
C) fever. 
D) failure to thrive. 
A) burning upon urination. 
B) delirium. 
C) fever. 
D) failure to thrive.

Question 19

Because the urethra is shorter in women, bacteria are easily introduced into the bladder by:

Accepted Answer

A) fecal contamination. 
B) vaginal contamination. 
C) sexual intercourse. 
D) poor personal hygiene. 
A) fecal contamination. 
B) vaginal contamination. 
C) sexual intercourse. 
D) poor personal hygiene.

Question 20

What additive can maintain urine sample integrity for up to 48 hours at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium citrate 
B) Calcium citrate 
C) Sodium borate 
D) Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDT
A)  
A) Sodium citrate 
B) Calcium citrate 
C) Sodium borate 
D) Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDT
A)

Exam 37: Urinary Tract Infections

What organisms growing in a urine culture can be considered contaminants?

Bacteria gain access to the urinary tract by all of the following routes except the:

All of the following are reasons why institutionalized patients have more urinary tract infections (UTIs) than noninstitutionalized patients except:

What specimen reduces the risk of contamination with urethral flora?

What part of the urinary tract is most susceptible to infection?

When a patient has an indwelling urinary catheter, what symptoms may be present indicating a urinary tract infection?

The symptoms of pyelonephritis include all the following except:

Because urine is an excellent supportive medium for bacteria growth, how must urine specimens be handled after collection?

What may candiduria signify?

All of the following can contribute to reduced leukocyte chemotaxis in the renal medulla except:

What group has more urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

What is the most commonly used method to collect urine samples?

What is the cause of most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Screening methods for urinary tract infections are appropriate for which of the following?

What is one factor that may contribute to the incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients?

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is associated with significant morbidity and long-term medical problems, including all the following except:

What size calibrated loops should be used to inoculate a urine sample that was collected by suprapubic aspiration?

The atypical clinical presentation of a geriatric patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) includes all the following except:

Because the urethra is shorter in women, bacteria are easily introduced into the bladder by:

What additive can maintain urine sample integrity for up to 48 hours at room temperature?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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