Question 1

Which of the following would NOT be considered a way to fight bacterial resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  creating molecules without antibiotic activity that can compete and bind antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
B)  increase the amount of antibiotics in our foods to prevent food-borne infection 
C)  alter the structure of antibiotics to sterically hinder the binding of antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
D)  link different antibiotics together, forming hybrid antibiotics with dual action and targets 
E)  administer antibiotics more prudently when possible 
A)  creating molecules without antibiotic activity that can compete and bind antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
B)  increase the amount of antibiotics in our foods to prevent food-borne infection 
C)  alter the structure of antibiotics to sterically hinder the binding of antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
D)  link different antibiotics together, forming hybrid antibiotics with dual action and targets 
E)  administer antibiotics more prudently when possible

Question 2

Salvarsan is an arsenical compound used to target the pathogen

Accepted Answer

A)  Treponema pallidum. 
B)  Plasmodium falciparium. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Streptococcus mutans. 
E)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
A)  Treponema pallidum. 
B)  Plasmodium falciparium. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Streptococcus mutans. 
E)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 3

Why is the newly discovered antibiotic class called pyronins considered to be a class of antibiotics that will be hard for a bacteria to become resistant to?

Accepted Answer

Pyronins are a new class of drugs produc

Question 4

How have modern agricultural practices contributed to the increase of antibiotic resistance seen today?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The overuse and nondi

Question 5

In the 1930s, Gerhard Domagk injected his own daughter with a red dye in hopes of curing her invasive streptococcal infection, even though testing of this agent on agar plates growing Streptococcus sp. showed no antimicrobial effect. Analyze why he did this. What did this study show the importance of?

Accepted Answer

Gerhard Domagk was a German physician wh

Question 6

What is NOT a novel idea for new antibiotic drug development?

Accepted Answer

A)  interfering with quorum-sensing mechanisms 
B)  "corking" the type II secretion apparatus 
C)  use of photosensitive chemicals to generate reactive oxygen species 
D)  chemical modification of beta-lactams 
E)  use of nanotubes to poke holes in bacterial membranes 
A)  interfering with quorum-sensing mechanisms 
B)  "corking" the type II secretion apparatus 
C)  use of photosensitive chemicals to generate reactive oxygen species 
D)  chemical modification of beta-lactams 
E)  use of nanotubes to poke holes in bacterial membranes

Question 7

Aicrobes that produce antibiotic molecules ________ as a way to prevent self destruction.

Accepted Answer

A)  pump the antibiotic out 
B)  modify the target so it cannot bind 
C)  add modifying groups to the antibiotic 
D)  destroy the antibiotic 
E)  There is no need to avoid self-destruction. 
A)  pump the antibiotic out 
B)  modify the target so it cannot bind 
C)  add modifying groups to the antibiotic 
D)  destroy the antibiotic 
E)  There is no need to avoid self-destruction.

Question 8

Summarize what is occurring in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

It is an illustration of poten

Question 9

Bactrim, a sulfa drug used to treat urinary tract infections, does NOT harm host cells because eukaryotic cells

Accepted Answer

A)  have efflux pumps for the drug. 
B)  take in folic acid in the diet. 
C)  do not transport the drug into the cell. 
D)  are naturally immunized from the drug. 
E)  make their own PABA precursors. 
A)  have efflux pumps for the drug. 
B)  take in folic acid in the diet. 
C)  do not transport the drug into the cell. 
D)  are naturally immunized from the drug. 
E)  make their own PABA precursors.

Question 10

A bacterial strain exhibiting a DNA gyrase mutation would most likely inhibit the activity of what class of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  metronidazoles 
B)  tetracyclines 
C)  quinolones 
D)  cephalosporins 
E)  sulfa drugs 
A)  metronidazoles 
B)  tetracyclines 
C)  quinolones 
D)  cephalosporins 
E)  sulfa drugs

Question 11

A negative structural mutation in the norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus could have the effect of

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased protein synthesis. 
B)  increased bacterial conjugation. 
C)  decreased drug resistance. 
D)  increased uptake of beta-lactams. 
E)  decreased rate of clonal division. 
A)  decreased protein synthesis. 
B)  increased bacterial conjugation. 
C)  decreased drug resistance. 
D)  increased uptake of beta-lactams. 
E)  decreased rate of clonal division.

Question 12

Minimal inhibitory concentration, or MIC, is ________ concentration of a drug that will prevent the growth of an organism.

Accepted Answer

A)  the average 
B)  the lowest 
C)  the highest 
D)  the midline 
E)  any 
A)  the average 
B)  the lowest 
C)  the highest 
D)  the midline 
E)  any

Question 13

A molecular microbiologist identified a unique sequence of DNA causing an amino acid shift mutation within the gene encoding for peptidoglycan transpeptidase in a clinical strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Summarize what this molecule does and hypothesize what benefit it could have to an organism.

Accepted Answer

The peptidoglycan transpeptidase enzyme

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be a way that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria could inherit resistance genes from other bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  transposons 
B)  random mutation 
C)  prophages 
D)  plasmid integration 
E)  integrons 
A)  transposons 
B)  random mutation 
C)  prophages 
D)  plasmid integration 
E)  integrons

Question 15

Summarize how infection is cleared from the body of a patient who has been prescribed antibiotics that are bacteriostatic. Give one example of a bacteriostatic antibiotic in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Bacteriostatic antibi

Question 16

A newly identified genomic target for treating penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is the

Accepted Answer

A)  CaPS: capsular polysaccharides. 
B)  Ply: pneumolysin toxin. 
C)  MotB: flagella protein. 
D)  PGRP: peptidoglycan recognition protein. 
E)  CbpG: pneumococcal adhesin protein. 
A)  CaPS: capsular polysaccharides. 
B)  Ply: pneumolysin toxin. 
C)  MotB: flagella protein. 
D)  PGRP: peptidoglycan recognition protein. 
E)  CbpG: pneumococcal adhesin protein.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the utility of the antibiotic polymyxin versus cephalosporin in clearing up an Escherichia coli skin infection that has become systemic.

Accepted Answer

Polymyxin is an antibiotic produced by B

Question 18

Why does the structure of gramicidin, shown below, only allow topical use as an antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of nucleic acid 
B)  synthesis of cell wall 
C)  beta lactam rings 
D)  DNA synthesis 
E)  It creates channels in cell membranes. 
A)  synthesis of nucleic acid 
B)  synthesis of cell wall 
C)  beta lactam rings 
D)  DNA synthesis 
E)  It creates channels in cell membranes.

Question 19

A possible effective treatment for a patient who comes into a medical office with tuberculosis has been derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillium notatum. 
B)  Amycolatopsis orientalis. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureas. 
D)  Streptomyces garyphalus. 
E)  Bacillus subtilis. 
A)  Penicillium notatum. 
B)  Amycolatopsis orientalis. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureas. 
D)  Streptomyces garyphalus. 
E)  Bacillus subtilis.

Question 20

Bactericidal antibiotics include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoglycosides. 
B)  rifampin. 
C)  macrolides. 
D)  subcutaneous isoniazidchloramphenicol. 
E)  quinolones. 
A)  aminoglycosides. 
B)  rifampin. 
C)  macrolides. 
D)  subcutaneous isoniazidchloramphenicol. 
E)  quinolones.

Exam 27: Antimicrobial Therapy

Which of the following would NOT be considered a way to fight bacterial resistance?

Salvarsan is an arsenical compound used to target the pathogen

Why is the newly discovered antibiotic class called pyronins considered to be a class of antibiotics that will be hard for a bacteria to become resistant to?

How have modern agricultural practices contributed to the increase of antibiotic resistance seen today?

What is NOT a novel idea for new antibiotic drug development?

Aicrobes that produce antibiotic molecules ________ as a way to prevent self destruction.

Summarize what is occurring in the figure below.

Bactrim, a sulfa drug used to treat urinary tract infections, does NOT harm host cells because eukaryotic cells

A bacterial strain exhibiting a DNA gyrase mutation would most likely inhibit the activity of what class of antibiotics?

A negative structural mutation in the norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus could have the effect of

Minimal inhibitory concentration, or MIC, is ________ concentration of a drug that will prevent the growth of an organism.

Which of the following would NOT be a way that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria could inherit resistance genes from other bacteria?

Summarize how infection is cleared from the body of a patient who has been prescribed antibiotics that are bacteriostatic. Give one example of a bacteriostatic antibiotic in your answer.

A newly identified genomic target for treating penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is the

Compare and contrast the utility of the antibiotic polymyxin versus cephalosporin in clearing up an Escherichia coli skin infection that has become systemic.

Why does the structure of gramicidin, shown below, only allow topical use as an antibiotic?

A possible effective treatment for a patient who comes into a medical office with tuberculosis has been derived from

Bactericidal antibiotics include all of the following EXCEPT

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters