Exam 7: Genomes and Chromosomes

In early cloning techniques, E. coli was with the DNA of interest contained in a plasmid or phage vector. This cloned DNA could then be transferred to another organism using a .

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Question 1

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The thermal stability of the helix is predominantly due to the ________ of the hydrophobic base pairs.

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Question 2

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Describe three practical applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and possible pitfalls.

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Question 3

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One application is detecting the presence of a specific microbe, such as the pathogen E. coli O157:7 in a complex environment.
Forensic analysis of DNA in a crime scene may either contribute to a conviction or exonerate a suspect in a criminal case.
PCR-based DNA sequencing of individual human genomes is done as a standard medical test.
However, this has ethical implications and may bring about high hopes for discoveries and fears of misuse.
Human sequence information has been used in identifying specific types of tumors, contributing to predict the best drug to use for an individual patient.

The target of fluoroquinolone drugs is topoisomerase II. What is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic?

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Question 4

How does a restriction-modification system avoid the destruction of a bacterium¢s own genome while breaking down foreign DNA?

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Question 5

Which of the following are DNA chain-terminator molecules and were used in the original biochemical approach to DNA sequencing devised by Frederick Sanger in the 1970s?

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Question 6

Describe the functions of DNA Pol III.

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Question 7

The entire genetic complement of DNA in a cell of a particular organism is called

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Question 8

When double-stranded DNA replicates, the newly made strand is related to its template strand because the two strands have

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Question 9

Bacterial type II topoisomerases are the targets of antibiotics such as , which has been used to treat .

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Question 10

Agarose gel electrophoresis separates pieces of linear DNA based on

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Question 11

The movement of genetic material from one cell into another is called

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Question 12

In addition to primases and polymerases, name three other proteins required for initiation and elongation during replication. Describe their functions.

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Question 13

Which of the following terms refers to gene duplications that have decayed into nonfunctional entities?

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Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which plasmids increase the possibility of being present in the new generation of cells?

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Question 15

Errors during replication are corrected by the DNA proofreading activity intrinsic to DNA Pol

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Question 16

Use the figure below and describe the general mechanism of how supercoiling can be introduced in a double-stranded, circular DNA molecule. In this example, this DNA is about 300 bp.

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Question 17

Pieces of DNA that have been cut with restriction enzymes can anneal and then be covalently bonded using the enzyme

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Question 18

Refer to the figure below and describe the mechanism of action for type I topoisomerases.

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Question 19

What region of the chromosome in E. coli is involved in the replication termination process?

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Question 20

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Exam 7: Genomes and Chromosomes

In early cloning techniques, E. coli was ________ with the DNA of interest contained in a plasmid or phage vector. This cloned DNA could then be transferred to another organism using a ________.

The thermal stability of the helix is predominantly due to the ________ of the hydrophobic base pairs.

Describe three practical applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and possible pitfalls.

The target of fluoroquinolone drugs is topoisomerase II. What is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic?

How does a restriction-modification system avoid the destruction of a bacterium¢s own genome while breaking down foreign DNA?

Which of the following are DNA chain-terminator molecules and were used in the original biochemical approach to DNA sequencing devised by Frederick Sanger in the 1970s?

Describe the functions of DNA Pol III.

The entire genetic complement of DNA in a cell of a particular organism is called

When double-stranded DNA replicates, the newly made strand is related to its template strand because the two strands have

Bacterial type II topoisomerases are the targets of antibiotics such as ________, which has been used to treat ________.

Agarose gel electrophoresis separates pieces of linear DNA based on

The movement of genetic material from one cell into another is called

In addition to primases and polymerases, name three other proteins required for initiation and elongation during replication. Describe their functions.

Which of the following terms refers to gene duplications that have decayed into nonfunctional entities?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which plasmids increase the possibility of being present in the new generation of cells?

Errors during replication are corrected by the DNA proofreading activity intrinsic to DNA Pol

Use the figure below and describe the general mechanism of how supercoiling can be introduced in a double-stranded, circular DNA molecule. In this example, this DNA is about 300 bp.

Pieces of DNA that have been cut with restriction enzymes can anneal and then be covalently bonded using the enzyme

Refer to the figure below and describe the mechanism of action for type I topoisomerases.

What region of the chromosome in E. coli is involved in the replication termination process?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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In early cloning techniques, E. coli was with the DNA of interest contained in a plasmid or phage vector. This cloned DNA could then be transferred to another organism using a .

Bacterial type II topoisomerases are the targets of antibiotics such as , which has been used to treat .