Question 1

In a radial immunodiffusion assay, immunoprecipitation rings will be created within the agar dish based on

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalence point. 
B)  antibody isotype. 
C)  antibody allotype. 
D)  polyclonal antigen preparation. 
E)  Fc binding of antigens. 
A)  equivalence point. 
B)  antibody isotype. 
C)  antibody allotype. 
D)  polyclonal antigen preparation. 
E)  Fc binding of antigens. A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT associated with overall human health?

Accepted Answer

A)  introduction of Treg cell production 
B)  encounters with TLRs 
C)  antigen interactions with dendritic cells 
D)  encounters with NLRs 
E)  fecal transplant 
A)  introduction of Treg cell production 
B)  encounters with TLRs 
C)  antigen interactions with dendritic cells 
D)  encounters with NLRs 
E)  fecal transplant E

Question 3

The difference between antibody allotypes and isotypes is that isotypes are ________ and allotypes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the differences in constant regions; differences within isotypes 
B)  differences within allotypes; the differences in constant regions 
C)  the differences in constant regions; alternations in the hypervariable regions 
D)  alternations in the hypervariable regions; differences within isotypes 
E)  alternations in the hypervariable regions of one person; alternations in the hypervariable regions among a species 
A)  the differences in constant regions; differences within isotypes 
B)  differences within allotypes; the differences in constant regions 
C)  the differences in constant regions; alternations in the hypervariable regions 
D)  alternations in the hypervariable regions; differences within isotypes 
E)  alternations in the hypervariable regions of one person; alternations in the hypervariable regions among a species A

Question 4

A complete T-cell receptor on a helper T cell contains both the antigen-binding receptor molecule and a ________ protein for signal transduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  CD8 
B)  CD3 complex 
C)  MHC I 
D)  MHC II 
E)  CD28 
A)  CD8 
B)  CD3 complex 
C)  MHC I 
D)  MHC II 
E)  CD28

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response if injected intravenously into a mouse?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sterile glucose solution 
B)  equine serum albumin 
C)  complement proteins from another mouse 
D)  red blood cells from a transfusion-compatible species 
E)  mouse antigoat antibodies 
A)  a sterile glucose solution 
B)  equine serum albumin 
C)  complement proteins from another mouse 
D)  red blood cells from a transfusion-compatible species 
E)  mouse antigoat antibodies

Question 6

Why is type AB blood considered to be the "universal recipient"? Explain what this means in terms of the antigens and antibodies present in blood types.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies in the serum of an individual

Question 7

Positive selection in T-cell education refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  T-cell receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
B)  CD8 receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
C)  T-cell receptors that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
D)  CD4 that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
E)  B-cell receptors that bind weakly to T-cell receptors. 
A)  T-cell receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
B)  CD8 receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
C)  T-cell receptors that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
D)  CD4 that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
E)  B-cell receptors that bind weakly to T-cell receptors.

Question 8

The antigen-binding receptor expressing hepatitis antigen in an infected liver cell would be

Accepted Answer

A)  TCR. 
B)  MHC II. 
C)  MHC I. 
D)  CD4. 
E)  CD8. 
A)  TCR. 
B)  MHC II. 
C)  MHC I. 
D)  CD4. 
E)  CD8.

Question 9

Anti-HIV antibodies are best at binding to viral proteins when the virus is

Accepted Answer

A)  within the cytoplasm of an infected T cell. 
B)  within the nucleus of an infected T cell. 
C)  within the cytoplasm of an infected macrophage. 
D)  within the nucleus of an infected macrophage. 
E)  extracellular within the bloodstream. 
A)  within the cytoplasm of an infected T cell. 
B)  within the nucleus of an infected T cell. 
C)  within the cytoplasm of an infected macrophage. 
D)  within the nucleus of an infected macrophage. 
E)  extracellular within the bloodstream.

Question 10

A patient presents in the emergency room with large red lesions up and down his arms. His case history reveals that he works for a gardening company, and that this rash most likely developed after clearing a weedy bank two days prior. The resident on duty concludes that the rash is a result of poison ivy exposure. Immunologically speaking, what is going on in this man's body, and what type of immune response is he experiencing?

Accepted Answer

This man is experiencing a type IV, dela

Question 11

A mutation that caused a person to have an ineffective complement C6 protein would have a direct effect on formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  complement-antibody complex. 
B)  C3 convertase. 
C)  C3b opsonins for phagocytosis. 
D)  membrane attack complex. 
E)  C5 convertase. 
A)  complement-antibody complex. 
B)  C3 convertase. 
C)  C3b opsonins for phagocytosis. 
D)  membrane attack complex. 
E)  C5 convertase.

Question 12

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells. What immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  more TH₂ cells than TH1 cells 
B)  more TH1 cells than TH₂ cells 
C)  equal ratio of TH1 cells to TH₂ cells 
D)  more B cells than CD8 cells 
E)  mostly antibodies 
A)  more TH₂ cells than TH1 cells 
B)  more TH1 cells than TH₂ cells 
C)  equal ratio of TH1 cells to TH₂ cells 
D)  more B cells than CD8 cells 
E)  mostly antibodies

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response within a human?

Accepted Answer

A)  an outer membrane protein from Plasmodium falciparium 
B)  an RNA genome from HIV 
C)  a DNA genome from herpes 
D)  a capsular polysaccharide coating from Streptococcus mutans 
E)  a plasma membrane from Escherichia coli 
A)  an outer membrane protein from Plasmodium falciparium 
B)  an RNA genome from HIV 
C)  a DNA genome from herpes 
D)  a capsular polysaccharide coating from Streptococcus mutans 
E)  a plasma membrane from Escherichia coli

Question 14

People who survived infection with Yersinia pestis during the fourteenth-century European epidemic found themselves immune when reexposed to

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza. 
B)  syphilis. 
C)  smallpox. 
D)  plague. 
E)  pneumonia. 
A)  influenza. 
B)  syphilis. 
C)  smallpox. 
D)  plague. 
E)  pneumonia.

Question 15

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. ________ switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by ________ cytokines.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgD to IgE; B-cell 
B)  IgM to IgA; T-cell 
C)  IgG to IgM; B-cell 
D)  IgA to IgG; T-cell 
E)  IgD to IgM; T-cell 
A)  IgD to IgE; B-cell 
B)  IgM to IgA; T-cell 
C)  IgG to IgM; B-cell 
D)  IgA to IgG; T-cell 
E)  IgD to IgM; T-cell

Question 16

A surgical patient infected with a blood-borne Staphylococcus would initially produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody of the IgM class. Why is that?

Accepted Answer

This patient would be undergoing a prima

Question 17

Edward Jenner was able to demonstrate the first example of immunological cross-protection because

Accepted Answer

A)  the smallpox virus was nonpathogenic. 
B)  the cowpox virus only affected milkmaids. 
C)  cowpox and smallpox viruses were metabolically different. 
D)  cowpox virus was structurally similar to the smallpox virus. 
E)  plague survivors were immune to smallpox. 
A)  the smallpox virus was nonpathogenic. 
B)  the cowpox virus only affected milkmaids. 
C)  cowpox and smallpox viruses were metabolically different. 
D)  cowpox virus was structurally similar to the smallpox virus. 
E)  plague survivors were immune to smallpox.

Question 18

The small segment of antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  hapten. 
B)  clonotope. 
C)  aggretope. 
D)  epitope. 
E)  naïve antigen. 
A)  hapten. 
B)  clonotope. 
C)  aggretope. 
D)  epitope. 
E)  naïve antigen.

Question 19

The ________ vaccine stimulates cell-mediated immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sabin live polio 
B)  influenza 
C)  inactivated polio 
D)  acellular pertussis 
E)  PCV 
A)  Sabin live polio 
B)  influenza 
C)  inactivated polio 
D)  acellular pertussis 
E)  PCV

Question 20

What cells are NOT associated with the gut epithelia?

Accepted Answer

A)  columnar epithelial cells 
B)  intestinal epithelial cells 
C)  goblet cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  helper T cells 
A)  columnar epithelial cells 
B)  intestinal epithelial cells 
C)  goblet cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  helper T cells

Exam 24: The Adaptive Immune Response

In a radial immunodiffusion assay, immunoprecipitation rings will be created within the agar dish based on

Which of the following is NOT associated with overall human health?

The difference between antibody allotypes and isotypes is that isotypes are ________ and allotypes are ________.

A complete T-cell receptor on a helper T cell contains both the antigen-binding receptor molecule and a ________ protein for signal transduction.

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response if injected intravenously into a mouse?

Why is type AB blood considered to be the "universal recipient"? Explain what this means in terms of the antigens and antibodies present in blood types.

Positive selection in T-cell education refers to

The antigen-binding receptor expressing hepatitis antigen in an infected liver cell would be

Anti-HIV antibodies are best at binding to viral proteins when the virus is

A mutation that caused a person to have an ineffective complement C6 protein would have a direct effect on formation of

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells. What immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response within a human?

People who survived infection with Yersinia pestis during the fourteenth-century European epidemic found themselves immune when reexposed to

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. ________ switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by ________ cytokines.

A surgical patient infected with a blood-borne Staphylococcus would initially produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody of the IgM class. Why is that?

Edward Jenner was able to demonstrate the first example of immunological cross-protection because

The small segment of antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response is called a(n)

The ________ vaccine stimulates cell-mediated immunity.

What cells are NOT associated with the gut epithelia?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The difference between antibody allotypes and isotypes is that isotypes are and allotypes are .

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by cytokines.