Question 1

Why are antihistamines good for allergic rhinitis but not for atopic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines are good for allergic rhi

Question 2

Which of the following could be categorized as an example of humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  T regulatory cells 
B)  T helper cells 
C)  antimalaria antibodies 
D)  T cytotoxic cells 
E)  macrophages 
A)  T regulatory cells 
B)  T helper cells 
C)  antimalaria antibodies 
D)  T cytotoxic cells 
E)  macrophages

Question 3

How can a person who has taken penicillin for a childhood ear infection later develop an allergy to penicillin when prescribed that drug again?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin is an example of a hapten. Ha

Question 4

Which antibodies help compartmentalize the gut system?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgD 
A)  IgM 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgD

Question 5

The inflammatory antibody of someone undergoing an allergic reaction to cat dander would be found primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  in the lymph nodes. 
B)  free-floating in the bloodstream. 
C)  bound to mast cells and basophils. 
D)  in mucus secretions. 
E)  attached to T cells. 
A)  in the lymph nodes. 
B)  free-floating in the bloodstream. 
C)  bound to mast cells and basophils. 
D)  in mucus secretions. 
E)  attached to T cells.

Question 6

Which of the following would be considered an aspect of the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  interferons 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  defensins 
D)  natural killer cells 
E)  neutrophils 
A)  interferons 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  defensins 
D)  natural killer cells 
E)  neutrophils

Question 7

The five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD) that can be produced during an immune response are based on differences in ________ chain regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  CL 
B)  VH 
C)  CH 
D)  VL 
E)  all constant and variable 
A)  CL 
B)  VH 
C)  CH 
D)  VL 
E)  all constant and variable

Question 8

If a person was unable to undergo negative selection during T-cell education, what is T-cell education, and why would this be a severe immune problem?

Accepted Answer

T-cell education is a two-step process i

Question 9

The ________ vaccine is inactivated.

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza 
B)  DTap 
C)  hepatitis B 
D)  HPV 
E)  MMR 
A)  influenza 
B)  DTap 
C)  hepatitis B 
D)  HPV 
E)  MMR

Question 10

Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes

Accepted Answer

A)  VDJ gene switching, recombination, and hypermutation. 
B)  neutrophil phagocytosis of the antigen. 
C)  complement cascade signaling and antigen destruction. 
D)  cell-signaling cascade, inducing cell proliferation and differentiation. 
E)  helper T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell differentiation. 
A)  VDJ gene switching, recombination, and hypermutation. 
B)  neutrophil phagocytosis of the antigen. 
C)  complement cascade signaling and antigen destruction. 
D)  cell-signaling cascade, inducing cell proliferation and differentiation. 
E)  helper T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell differentiation.

Question 11

RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes. Which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?

Accepted Answer

A)  VD spliced together, then J, then C 
B)  DJ spliced together, then V 
C)  VJ spliced together, then D 
D)  VC spliced together, then D, then J 
E)  VDJ segments are all spliced together simultaneously. 
A)  VD spliced together, then J, then C 
B)  DJ spliced together, then V 
C)  VJ spliced together, then D 
D)  VC spliced together, then D, then J 
E)  VDJ segments are all spliced together simultaneously.

Question 12

Laboratory isolation of an anti-Streptococcus antibody was found to bind to ten Streptococcus pyogenes at one time. The antibody isolated was

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  IgE. 
A)  IgG. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  IgE.

Question 13

Some patients suffering from bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), a rare immunodeficiency, have a genetic mutation in their TAP1/TAP2 genes causing the production of a defective TAP transporter. Describe what effect this has on antigen processing and in what cells.

Accepted Answer

TAP transporters are part of the endogen

Question 14

Complement molecule, C1 complex, will bind to an IgG antibody at the

Accepted Answer

A)  VL portion. 
B)  F(ab')2 portion. 
C)  CL portion. 
D)  Fc portion. 
E)  J-chain region. 
A)  VL portion. 
B)  F(ab')2 portion. 
C)  CL portion. 
D)  Fc portion. 
E)  J-chain region.

Question 15

There are ________ polypeptide chains in the typical antibody.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8 
A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8

Question 16

The secondary signal needed for TH0 helper cells to differentiate into either TH1 cells or TH₂ cells is the cross-link between ________ (on TH0 helper cells) and ________ (on APC cell).

Accepted Answer

A)  CD154; CD40 
B)  MHC I; B7 
C)  CD4; MHC II 
D)  CD8; MHC I 
E)  CD28; B7 
A)  CD154; CD40 
B)  MHC I; B7 
C)  CD4; MHC II 
D)  CD8; MHC I 
E)  CD28; B7

Question 17

X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIM) is an immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding CD154. Why is this disease characterized by recurrent infections (starting in childhood) and elevated serum levels of IgM?

Accepted Answer

B-cell activation requires two sets of s

Question 18

A baby will receive ________ class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then ________ class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG; IgA 
B)  IgM; IgD 
C)  IgG; IgM 
D)  IgM; IgA 
E)  IgE; IgG 
A)  IgG; IgA 
B)  IgM; IgD 
C)  IgG; IgM 
D)  IgM; IgA 
E)  IgE; IgG

Question 19

What process is shown in the figure below?

Accepted Answer

A)  elicitation of an immune response 
B)  haptens 
C)  immunoprecipitation 
D)  antibodies preventing attachment 
E)  basic antibody structure 
A)  elicitation of an immune response 
B)  haptens 
C)  immunoprecipitation 
D)  antibodies preventing attachment 
E)  basic antibody structure

Question 20

Using the information presented in the table below, discuss why most vaccines are given between birth and 24 months.

Accepted Answer

Vaccines are given in the first 24 month

Exam 24: The Adaptive Immune Response

Why are antihistamines good for allergic rhinitis but not for atopic asthma?

Which of the following could be categorized as an example of humoral immunity?

How can a person who has taken penicillin for a childhood ear infection later develop an allergy to penicillin when prescribed that drug again?

Which antibodies help compartmentalize the gut system?

The inflammatory antibody of someone undergoing an allergic reaction to cat dander would be found primarily

Which of the following would be considered an aspect of the adaptive immune response?

The five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD) that can be produced during an immune response are based on differences in ________ chain regions.

If a person was unable to undergo negative selection during T-cell education, what is T-cell education, and why would this be a severe immune problem?

The ________ vaccine is inactivated.

Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes

RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes. Which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?

Laboratory isolation of an anti-Streptococcus antibody was found to bind to ten Streptococcus pyogenes at one time. The antibody isolated was

Some patients suffering from bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), a rare immunodeficiency, have a genetic mutation in their TAP1/TAP2 genes causing the production of a defective TAP transporter. Describe what effect this has on antigen processing and in what cells.

Complement molecule, C1 complex, will bind to an IgG antibody at the

There are ________ polypeptide chains in the typical antibody.

The secondary signal needed for TH0 helper cells to differentiate into either TH1 cells or TH₂ cells is the cross-link between ________ (on TH0 helper cells) and ________ (on APC cell).

X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIM) is an immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding CD154. Why is this disease characterized by recurrent infections (starting in childhood) and elevated serum levels of IgM?

A baby will receive ________ class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then ________ class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

What process is shown in the figure below?

Using the information presented in the table below, discuss why most vaccines are given between birth and 24 months.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The secondary signal needed for TH0 helper cells to differentiate into either TH1 cells or TH₂ cells is the cross-link between (on TH0 helper cells) and (on APC cell).

A baby will receive class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.