Question 1

Molecular screening is now being used to detect individuals with early stages of TB because

Accepted Answer

A)  skin testing is unreliable and needs refrigeration that many countries may not have. 
B)  vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin does not protect against multidrug resistance. 
C)  many countries do not have disposable needles for skin testing. 
D)  it can detect infection earlier than chest X-rays and sputum sampling. 
E)  it can be used more safely on children with the disease. 
A)  skin testing is unreliable and needs refrigeration that many countries may not have. 
B)  vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin does not protect against multidrug resistance. 
C)  many countries do not have disposable needles for skin testing. 
D)  it can detect infection earlier than chest X-rays and sputum sampling. 
E)  it can be used more safely on children with the disease. D

Question 2

A person exhibiting glomerular nephritis and rheumatic fever must have had what type of previous infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella sonnei 
B)  Escherichia coli 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
D)  Treponema pallidum 
E)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
A)  Shigella sonnei 
B)  Escherichia coli 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
D)  Treponema pallidum 
E)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis C

Question 3

PCR-based detection of a person thought to have HIV would require all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  primers specific for HIV genes. 
B)  a thermocycler. 
C)  HIV agar media. 
D)  gel electrophoresis. 
E)  HIV genome isolation/extraction. 
A)  primers specific for HIV genes. 
B)  a thermocycler. 
C)  HIV agar media. 
D)  gel electrophoresis. 
E)  HIV genome isolation/extraction. C

Question 4

Describe the chain of command that is followed when a patient sees his or her doctor and is diagnosed with a reportable disease such as listeriosis.

Accepted Answer

Notifiable diseases, such as listeriosis

Question 5

Describe what the One Health Initiative is and the role it played in the 2006 outbreak of food-borne O157:H7 in spinach.

Accepted Answer

Ecology influences epidemiology and evol

Question 6

The figure below shows the mass to charge ratios of two pathogenic Neisseria sp. The molecule being measured is ________ and the technique being used is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein; riboswitch sensor 
B)  protein; MALDI-TOF-MS 
C)  DNA; riboswitch sensor 
D)  DNA; MALDI-TOF-MS 
E)  RNA; riboswitch sensor 
A)  protein; riboswitch sensor 
B)  protein; MALDI-TOF-MS 
C)  DNA; riboswitch sensor 
D)  DNA; MALDI-TOF-MS 
E)  RNA; riboswitch sensor

Question 7

Looking at the laboratory results presented here, what three interpretations can be made?

Accepted Answer

Many different interpretations are possi

Question 8

As point of care (POC) tests are developed, two concerns are sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements are true with respect to these terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensitivity deals with how much you can dilute the sample to get a result, whereas specificity deals with how much you dilute a control serum to get a result. 
B)  Sensitivity deals with how many false positives you get, whereas specificity deals with false negatives. 
C)  Sensitivity deals with distinguishing between closely related samples such as group A Streptococcus versus group B Streptococcus. Specificity quantitates those differences. 
D)  Sensitivity deals with how often a test is positive when the patient has the disease, whereas specificity deals with how often the test is negative when the patient does not have the disease. 
E)  The sensitivity and specificity of a test must be confirmatory or the test is useless. 
A)  Sensitivity deals with how much you can dilute the sample to get a result, whereas specificity deals with how much you dilute a control serum to get a result. 
B)  Sensitivity deals with how many false positives you get, whereas specificity deals with false negatives. 
C)  Sensitivity deals with distinguishing between closely related samples such as group A Streptococcus versus group B Streptococcus. Specificity quantitates those differences. 
D)  Sensitivity deals with how often a test is positive when the patient has the disease, whereas specificity deals with how often the test is negative when the patient does not have the disease. 
E)  The sensitivity and specificity of a test must be confirmatory or the test is useless.

Question 9

Compare and contrast the use of point-of-care rapid tests as diagnostic methods in doctors' offices.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.
· Advantages: culturin

Question 10

The correct definition of "bioweapon" is any

Accepted Answer

A)  agent categorized as a biosafety level IV organism. 
B)  infectious disease spread person to person with a low mortality rate. 
C)  agent causing widespread psychological trauma, with few casualties. 
D)  microbial agent or pieces of microbes that can be loaded into bombs. 
E)  infectious agent or toxin that has a high virulence and/or mortality rate. 
A)  agent categorized as a biosafety level IV organism. 
B)  infectious disease spread person to person with a low mortality rate. 
C)  agent causing widespread psychological trauma, with few casualties. 
D)  microbial agent or pieces of microbes that can be loaded into bombs. 
E)  infectious agent or toxin that has a high virulence and/or mortality rate.

Question 11

The cause of the infection from which a patient suffers is best known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical agent. 
B)  etiological agent. 
C)  pathogenic culprit. 
D)  epidemiological agent. 
E)  antibiotic menace. 
A)  clinical agent. 
B)  etiological agent. 
C)  pathogenic culprit. 
D)  epidemiological agent. 
E)  antibiotic menace.

Question 12

Most point-of-care diagnostics rely on

Accepted Answer

A)  immunochromatographic assays. 
B)  Qt-polymerase chain reaction. 
C)  ELISA kits. 
D)  immunofluorescence. 
E)  API platforms. 
A)  immunochromatographic assays. 
B)  Qt-polymerase chain reaction. 
C)  ELISA kits. 
D)  immunofluorescence. 
E)  API platforms.

Question 13

In the figure shown below, we see someone wearing a specific biosafety suit. This suit would NOT be required for studying a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  outbreak of a lethal disease with no known etiological agent. 
B)  Ebola outbreak. 
C)  anthrax outbreak. 
D)  biosafety level 4 agent. 
E)  lethal disease with no known treatment or vaccine. 
A)  outbreak of a lethal disease with no known etiological agent. 
B)  Ebola outbreak. 
C)  anthrax outbreak. 
D)  biosafety level 4 agent. 
E)  lethal disease with no known treatment or vaccine.

Question 14

A Gram-negative diplococcus result on a laboratory test would rule out all of the following bacteria EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
B)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
C)  Staphylococcus epidermidis. 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
E)  Escherichia coli. 
A)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
B)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
C)  Staphylococcus epidermidis. 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
E)  Escherichia coli.

Question 15

Which of the following clinical specimens would be expected to be sterile in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  urine 
C)  sputum 
D)  stool 
E)  skin and wound swabs 
A)  blood 
B)  urine 
C)  sputum 
D)  stool 
E)  skin and wound swabs

Question 16

Lowenstein-Jensen agar is used to culture ________ bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  all Gram-negative 
B)  beta lactase-producing 
C)  mycolic acid-containing 
D)  all Gram-positive 
E)  toxin-producing enteric 
A)  all Gram-negative 
B)  beta lactase-producing 
C)  mycolic acid-containing 
D)  all Gram-positive 
E)  toxin-producing enteric

Question 17

Fluorescent antibody staining works well for clinical diagnosis on what types of antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomal 
B)  cytoplasmic 
C)  nuclear 
D)  capsular 
E)  plasmid 
A)  ribosomal 
B)  cytoplasmic 
C)  nuclear 
D)  capsular 
E)  plasmid

Question 18

The figure shown below is a picture of a gel with multiplex PCR products from Clostridium botulinum isolates. Lane 1 contains DNA molecular weight markers and lanes 2-5 are positive strains as controls for toxins type A, type B, type E, and type F, respectively. Based on the bands shown, what can we say about the isolate results in lane 6?

Accepted Answer

A)  The isolate in lane 6 produces all four toxins but not endotoxin. 
B)  The PCR products from isolate in lane 6 are consistent with that isolate having toxins A, F, and B but not E. 
C)  The isolate in lane 6 produces all four toxins. 
D)  There is no band for endotoxin in lane 6 but the isolate makes three other toxins. 
E)  The gel shows definitive proof that this strain produces three toxins. 
A)  The isolate in lane 6 produces all four toxins but not endotoxin. 
B)  The PCR products from isolate in lane 6 are consistent with that isolate having toxins A, F, and B but not E. 
C)  The isolate in lane 6 produces all four toxins. 
D)  There is no band for endotoxin in lane 6 but the isolate makes three other toxins. 
E)  The gel shows definitive proof that this strain produces three toxins.

Question 19

Catheterization would be an appropriate method of microbial collection for

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae (lung infection). 
B)  Escherichia coli (UTI infection). 
C)  Shigella dysenteriae (GI infection). 
D)  Propionibacterium acnes (skin infection). 
E)  Helicobacter pylori (stomach infection). 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae (lung infection). 
B)  Escherichia coli (UTI infection). 
C)  Shigella dysenteriae (GI infection). 
D)  Propionibacterium acnes (skin infection). 
E)  Helicobacter pylori (stomach infection).

Question 20

Compare and contrast the dichotomous key approach to bacterial determination with the seven-digit-number approach when using the API strip system.

Accepted Answer

The API strip system results from this s

Exam 28: Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Molecular screening is now being used to detect individuals with early stages of TB because

A person exhibiting glomerular nephritis and rheumatic fever must have had what type of previous infection?

PCR-based detection of a person thought to have HIV would require all of the following EXCEPT

Describe the chain of command that is followed when a patient sees his or her doctor and is diagnosed with a reportable disease such as listeriosis.

Describe what the One Health Initiative is and the role it played in the 2006 outbreak of food-borne O157:H7 in spinach.

The figure below shows the mass to charge ratios of two pathogenic Neisseria sp. The molecule being measured is ________ and the technique being used is ________.

Looking at the laboratory results presented here, what three interpretations can be made?

As point of care (POC) tests are developed, two concerns are sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements are true with respect to these terms?

Compare and contrast the use of point-of-care rapid tests as diagnostic methods in doctors' offices.

The correct definition of "bioweapon" is any

The cause of the infection from which a patient suffers is best known as the

Most point-of-care diagnostics rely on

In the figure shown below, we see someone wearing a specific biosafety suit. This suit would NOT be required for studying a(n)

A Gram-negative diplococcus result on a laboratory test would rule out all of the following bacteria EXCEPT

Which of the following clinical specimens would be expected to be sterile in a healthy individual?

Lowenstein-Jensen agar is used to culture ________ bacteria.

Fluorescent antibody staining works well for clinical diagnosis on what types of antigens?

Catheterization would be an appropriate method of microbial collection for

Compare and contrast the dichotomous key approach to bacterial determination with the seven-digit-number approach when using the API strip system.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Filters

The figure below shows the mass to charge ratios of two pathogenic Neisseria sp. The molecule being measured is and the technique being used is .