Question 1

Which of the following criteria is NOT required in order for a mosquito-borne virus to become endemic in a new location?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person infected elsewhere must travel to the new area. 
B)  A local mosquito must bite a person who has the disease in order to spread it to someone else. 
C)  The virus must move from an Aedes mosquito to another insect vector. 
D)  The virus must move from the local mosquito to a local animal that can then serve as a reservoir. 
E)  The local mosquito must bite another human in that area and give him or her the disease. 
A)  A person infected elsewhere must travel to the new area. 
B)  A local mosquito must bite a person who has the disease in order to spread it to someone else. 
C)  The virus must move from an Aedes mosquito to another insect vector. 
D)  The virus must move from the local mosquito to a local animal that can then serve as a reservoir. 
E)  The local mosquito must bite another human in that area and give him or her the disease.

Question 2

Humans are an incidental (dead-end) host in which clinical disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  West Nile virus 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
D)  Staphylococcus aureas 
E)  picornavirus 
A)  West Nile virus 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
D)  Staphylococcus aureas 
E)  picornavirus

Question 3

The clinical microbiology laboratory just received a sputum (deep-lung) sample that so far has been very slow-growing in nonselective agar, as well as not Gram stainable. What tests should be performed next, and why?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Based on the case his

Question 4

How would a serum antibody ELISA work in the detection of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Serum antibody ELISA first starts with a

Question 5

Compare and contrast the handling of rabies (a category III organism) with Lassa fever (a category IV organism).

Accepted Answer

Category III organisms, such as rabies,

Question 6

The Lancefield groupings are for ________ bacteria and are based on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus; carbohydrate peptidoglycans 
B)  Escherichia; lipopolysaccharides 
C)  Staphylococcus; peptidoglycan amino acids 
D)  Neisseria; hopanoids 
E)  Pseudomonas; optochin sensitivity 
A)  Streptococcus; carbohydrate peptidoglycans 
B)  Escherichia; lipopolysaccharides 
C)  Staphylococcus; peptidoglycan amino acids 
D)  Neisseria; hopanoids 
E)  Pseudomonas; optochin sensitivity

Question 7

A proper course of action for a patient presenting with Ebola would be

Accepted Answer

A)  quarantine and laboratory determination of Ebola IgG antibodies. 
B)  vaccination and laboratory growth of Ebola in culture. 
C)  course of antibiotics and laboratory determination of Ebola antigen. 
D)  antiviral therapy followed by a course of antibiotics. 
E)  in-home supportive therapy and laboratory PCR detection. 
A)  quarantine and laboratory determination of Ebola IgG antibodies. 
B)  vaccination and laboratory growth of Ebola in culture. 
C)  course of antibiotics and laboratory determination of Ebola antigen. 
D)  antiviral therapy followed by a course of antibiotics. 
E)  in-home supportive therapy and laboratory PCR detection.

Question 8

The following are all concerns of the influence of global climate change on infectious diseases EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  global climate change will increase the incidence of antibiotic resistance. 
B)  the habitat of insect vectors increases in size as temperatures rise. 
C)  extending ranges of vectors may bring them in contact with new hosts. 
D)  climate change may bring more flooding, thus increasing the spread of gastrointestinal illness. 
E)  infectious disease cycles may speed up or extend through longer portions of the year. 
A)  global climate change will increase the incidence of antibiotic resistance. 
B)  the habitat of insect vectors increases in size as temperatures rise. 
C)  extending ranges of vectors may bring them in contact with new hosts. 
D)  climate change may bring more flooding, thus increasing the spread of gastrointestinal illness. 
E)  infectious disease cycles may speed up or extend through longer portions of the year.

Question 9

An antigen-capture ELISA could be looking for all of the following in a person who is presumed to have a severe acute lung infection EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  mycobacterium antigens. 
B)  SARS antigens. 
C)  Haemophilus sp. antigens. 
D)  pneumococcal antigens. 
E)  anti-influenza antibodies. 
A)  mycobacterium antigens. 
B)  SARS antigens. 
C)  Haemophilus sp. antigens. 
D)  pneumococcal antigens. 
E)  anti-influenza antibodies.

Question 10

Bubonic plague is endemic in many countries in Africa and in the former Soviet Union. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  plague was once a huge problem and has now evolved to not cause infection. 
B)  plague has been eradicated from these areas. 
C)  large numbers of people are infected in these areas and it is spreading. 
D)  the disease is always present in the population at a low frequency. 
E)  human-to-human contact transfers plague. 
A)  plague was once a huge problem and has now evolved to not cause infection. 
B)  plague has been eradicated from these areas. 
C)  large numbers of people are infected in these areas and it is spreading. 
D)  the disease is always present in the population at a low frequency. 
E)  human-to-human contact transfers plague.

Question 11

A hemolysis reaction (on a blood agar plate) with an unidentified colony that results in a green zone due to oxidized iron in nonlysed red blood cells would be called

Accepted Answer

A)  beta-hemolytic. 
B)  nonhemolytic. 
C)  gamma-hemolytic. 
D)  alpha-hemolytic. 
E)  epsilon-hemolytic. 
A)  beta-hemolytic. 
B)  nonhemolytic. 
C)  gamma-hemolytic. 
D)  alpha-hemolytic. 
E)  epsilon-hemolytic.

Question 12

Eukaryotic parasites, such as Giardia lamblia, are usually diagnosed by

Accepted Answer

A)  immunofluorescence. 
B)  PCR. 
C)  RFLP. 
D)  biochemical testing. 
E)  direct microscopy. 
A)  immunofluorescence. 
B)  PCR. 
C)  RFLP. 
D)  biochemical testing. 
E)  direct microscopy.

Question 13

Which of the following is a reportable, biosafety level III organism that causes low-grade fever, chills, headache, and malaise followed by a dry cough, shortness of breath, and chest heaviness?

Accepted Answer

A)  methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas 
B)  Plasmodium falciparum 
C)  West Nile virus 
D)  Bacillus anthracis 
E)  Yersinia pestis 
A)  methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas 
B)  Plasmodium falciparum 
C)  West Nile virus 
D)  Bacillus anthracis 
E)  Yersinia pestis

Question 14

Looking at the laboratory results presented here, what three interpretations can be made?

Accepted Answer

Many different interpretations are possi

Question 15

Symptoms of headache, fever, stiff neck, and confusion in combination with mosquito bites can indicate which viral infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ebola 
B)  West Nile 
C)  influenza 
D)  rabies 
E)  HIV 
A)  Ebola 
B)  West Nile 
C)  influenza 
D)  rabies 
E)  HIV

Exam 28: Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Which of the following criteria is NOT required in order for a mosquito-borne virus to become endemic in a new location?

Humans are an incidental (dead-end) host in which clinical disease?

The clinical microbiology laboratory just received a sputum (deep-lung) sample that so far has been very slow-growing in nonselective agar, as well as not Gram stainable. What tests should be performed next, and why?

How would a serum antibody ELISA work in the detection of Lyme disease?

Compare and contrast the handling of rabies (a category III organism) with Lassa fever (a category IV organism).

The Lancefield groupings are for ________ bacteria and are based on ________.

A proper course of action for a patient presenting with Ebola would be

The following are all concerns of the influence of global climate change on infectious diseases EXCEPT that

An antigen-capture ELISA could be looking for all of the following in a person who is presumed to have a severe acute lung infection EXCEPT

Bubonic plague is endemic in many countries in Africa and in the former Soviet Union. This indicates that

A hemolysis reaction (on a blood agar plate) with an unidentified colony that results in a green zone due to oxidized iron in nonlysed red blood cells would be called

Eukaryotic parasites, such as Giardia lamblia, are usually diagnosed by

Which of the following is a reportable, biosafety level III organism that causes low-grade fever, chills, headache, and malaise followed by a dry cough, shortness of breath, and chest heaviness?

Looking at the laboratory results presented here, what three interpretations can be made?

Symptoms of headache, fever, stiff neck, and confusion in combination with mosquito bites can indicate which viral infection?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Filters

The Lancefield groupings are for bacteria and are based on .