Question 1

Direct fluorescent staining of infected tissue samples taken from a patient allows for rapid identification under what circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A)  hard-to-culture organisms 
B)  protist infections 
C)  Gram-negative organisms 
D)  intracellular infections 
E)  metabolically active organisms 
A)  hard-to-culture organisms 
B)  protist infections 
C)  Gram-negative organisms 
D)  intracellular infections 
E)  metabolically active organisms

Question 2

Which of the following organisms falls within biosafety group category II?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ebola virus 
B)  SARS 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Escherichia coli strain K-12 
E)  Campylobacter jejuni 
A)  Ebola virus 
B)  SARS 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Escherichia coli strain K-12 
E)  Campylobacter jejuni

Question 3

John Snow, the "father of epidemiology," is known for deducing the source of which etiologic agent in the 1854 London outbreak?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella dysenterie 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Haemophilius influenzae 
D)  Giardia lamblia 
E)  Yersinia pestis 
A)  Shigella dysenterie 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Haemophilius influenzae 
D)  Giardia lamblia 
E)  Yersinia pestis

Question 4

In determining the bacterial etiology of a patient with an infection, the first laboratory test should be what, and why? What type of testing would then follow?

Accepted Answer

After isolation of a pure bacterial colo

Question 5

A bacterial diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium in a sputum sample from an AIDS patient would be best determined by which method?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood agar culture 
B)  acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining 
C)  MacConkey agar culture 
D)  Gram staining 
E)  bacitracin susceptibility 
A)  blood agar culture 
B)  acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining 
C)  MacConkey agar culture 
D)  Gram staining 
E)  bacitracin susceptibility

Question 6

A serum antibody ELISA would be looking for which of the following in a person who is presumed to have a necrotizing fasciitis infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  anti-group A streptococcal antibodies 
B)  antimeningococcal antibodies 
C)  group A streptococcal-specific antigens 
D)  enzyme-linked antibody 
E)  anti-group B streptococcal antibodies 
A)  anti-group A streptococcal antibodies 
B)  antimeningococcal antibodies 
C)  group A streptococcal-specific antigens 
D)  enzyme-linked antibody 
E)  anti-group B streptococcal antibodies

Question 7

A person who begins to exhibit symptoms of bronchitis and bacterial pneumonia after recovering from the flu would be exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  drug resistance. 
B)  antiviral susceptibility. 
C)  underlying immunodeficiency. 
D)  biological meltdown. 
E)  disease sequelae. 
A)  drug resistance. 
B)  antiviral susceptibility. 
C)  underlying immunodeficiency. 
D)  biological meltdown. 
E)  disease sequelae.

Question 8

Compare and contrast the use of the serum antibody ELISA with the antigen-capture ELISA in the detection of Ebola.

Accepted Answer

Serum antibody ELISA uses antigen adsorb

Question 9

How does a multiplex PCR reaction differ from a traditional PCR detection method? In addition, describe an example of how multiplex can be used in diagnostics.

Accepted Answer

Traditional PCR uses primers that bind t

Question 10

Hektoen agar will grow all of the following microorganisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Klebsiella pneumoniae. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Salmonella enteritidis. 
D)  Shigella sonnei. 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
A)  Klebsiella pneumoniae. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Salmonella enteritidis. 
D)  Shigella sonnei. 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 11

Describe the general protocol used to diagnose a patient with a Salmonella typhimurium infection (from collection to testing).

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. A patient with a Salm

Question 12

The diagram shown below shows information relative to Gram-negative rods. We CANNOT consider this diagram to be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  example of tests available on an API 20E strip. 
B)  algorithm. 
C)  dichotomous key. 
D)  example of tests used to determine which type of Enterobacteriaceae an unknown might be. 
E)  random collection of tests for Gram-negative bacteria. 
A)  example of tests available on an API 20E strip. 
B)  algorithm. 
C)  dichotomous key. 
D)  example of tests used to determine which type of Enterobacteriaceae an unknown might be. 
E)  random collection of tests for Gram-negative bacteria.

Question 13

As a disease detective investigating an outbreak in the cafeteria of your college, what would be some of the first steps you would need to take to begin your investigation, other than laboratory testing?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. One of the first thin

Question 14

How were Koch's postulates modified in the discovery of Tropheryma whipplei, the causative agent of Whipple's disease?

Accepted Answer

Whipple's disease was first diagnosed in

Question 15

How have changes within our human culture caused new diseases to emerge? Explain your answer using a specific example that supports your statements.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Many new diseases hav

Question 16

Which infectious disease is on the CDC bioterrorism list due to the general population NOT being vaccinated for this disease since the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

A)  bubonic plague 
B)  rabies 
C)  smallpox 
D)  tuberculosis 
E)  Machupo virus 
A)  bubonic plague 
B)  rabies 
C)  smallpox 
D)  tuberculosis 
E)  Machupo virus

Question 17

RNA sensors can be used to detect pathogens such as ZIKA virus. The steps below are steps used in testing for ZIKA virus. Which has the required steps in the correct order? 1- LacZ gene product is detected via a color change.
2- DNA is added to an RNA switch that has a hairpin to block transcription of lacZ.
3- Multiple copies of DNA matching ZIKA are produced.
4- In the presence of the ZIKA-trigger RNA, the "toehold" switch is bound and releases the lacZ rbs and start codon so transcription can occur.
5- Reverse transcriptase is used to produce cDNA from the ZIKA RNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  5-2-4-1-3 
B)  3-2-4-1-5 
C)  5-4-3-2-1 
D)  1-2-3-4-5 
E)  5-3-2-4-1 
A)  5-2-4-1-3 
B)  3-2-4-1-5 
C)  5-4-3-2-1 
D)  1-2-3-4-5 
E)  5-3-2-4-1

Question 18

Chocolate agar is considered ________ in comparison to blood agar.

Accepted Answer

A)  more nutrient rich (capable of growing a greater variety of bacteria) 
B)  less nutrient rich (capable of growing fewer variety of bacteria) 
C)  equally nutrient rich (since they both contain red blood cells) 
D)  a chemically defined media (whereas blood agar is not) 
E)  better for determining hemolytic bacterial reactions 
A)  more nutrient rich (capable of growing a greater variety of bacteria) 
B)  less nutrient rich (capable of growing fewer variety of bacteria) 
C)  equally nutrient rich (since they both contain red blood cells) 
D)  a chemically defined media (whereas blood agar is not) 
E)  better for determining hemolytic bacterial reactions

Question 19

An abscess caused by the anaerobic species Clostridium perfringens would best be collected and transported by

Accepted Answer

A)  aspiration into an oxygen-filled tube. 
B)  swabbing onto blood agar media. 
C)  aspiration into a nitrogen-filled tube. 
D)  draining with a catheter. 
E)  draining into a syringe. 
A)  aspiration into an oxygen-filled tube. 
B)  swabbing onto blood agar media. 
C)  aspiration into a nitrogen-filled tube. 
D)  draining with a catheter. 
E)  draining into a syringe.

Question 20

The figure below shows cells stained bright fuchsia. This stain is called a(an) ________ and is used to stain ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram stain; Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Gram stain; Mycobacterium sp. 
C)  acid-fast stain; Mycobacterium sp. 
D)  acid-fast stain; Bacillus anthracis 
E)  Ziehl-Neelsen; Bacillus anthracis 
A)  Gram stain; Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Gram stain; Mycobacterium sp. 
C)  acid-fast stain; Mycobacterium sp. 
D)  acid-fast stain; Bacillus anthracis 
E)  Ziehl-Neelsen; Bacillus anthracis

Exam 28: Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Direct fluorescent staining of infected tissue samples taken from a patient allows for rapid identification under what circumstances?

Which of the following organisms falls within biosafety group category II?

John Snow, the "father of epidemiology," is known for deducing the source of which etiologic agent in the 1854 London outbreak?

In determining the bacterial etiology of a patient with an infection, the first laboratory test should be what, and why? What type of testing would then follow?

A bacterial diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium in a sputum sample from an AIDS patient would be best determined by which method?

A serum antibody ELISA would be looking for which of the following in a person who is presumed to have a necrotizing fasciitis infection?

A person who begins to exhibit symptoms of bronchitis and bacterial pneumonia after recovering from the flu would be exhibiting

Compare and contrast the use of the serum antibody ELISA with the antigen-capture ELISA in the detection of Ebola.

How does a multiplex PCR reaction differ from a traditional PCR detection method? In addition, describe an example of how multiplex can be used in diagnostics.

Hektoen agar will grow all of the following microorganisms EXCEPT

Describe the general protocol used to diagnose a patient with a Salmonella typhimurium infection (from collection to testing).

The diagram shown below shows information relative to Gram-negative rods. We CANNOT consider this diagram to be a(n)

As a disease detective investigating an outbreak in the cafeteria of your college, what would be some of the first steps you would need to take to begin your investigation, other than laboratory testing?

How were Koch's postulates modified in the discovery of Tropheryma whipplei, the causative agent of Whipple's disease?

How have changes within our human culture caused new diseases to emerge? Explain your answer using a specific example that supports your statements.

Which infectious disease is on the CDC bioterrorism list due to the general population NOT being vaccinated for this disease since the 1970s?

Chocolate agar is considered ________ in comparison to blood agar.

An abscess caused by the anaerobic species Clostridium perfringens would best be collected and transported by

The figure below shows cells stained bright fuchsia. This stain is called a(an) ________ and is used to stain ________.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Filters

The figure below shows cells stained bright fuchsia. This stain is called a(an) and is used to stain .