Exam 7: Genomes and Chromosomes

What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?

Which of the following is a process that involves cell-to-cell contact to move a plasmid from a donor cell to a recipient cell?

In the figure below, which depicts the activation step in bacterial DNA replication, the letter Q points to ________, and the letters R and S point to ________, respectively.

What is the main difference between structural genes and control sequences in bacteria? Cite examples for both.

Eukaryotic chromosomes are ________, contained within a nucleus, and they contain DNA associated to a core of histone proteins called the ________.

Bacteria and archaea that grow at extreme pH or temperature possess which feature to protect their DNA from denaturation?

Supercoiling in bacteria is typically introduced by enzymes called

Besides the nucleoid, two other kinds of DNA molecules that may be present in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell are ________ and the genomes of ________.

What determines the timing of DNA replication in Escherichia coli?

The backbone of the DNA double helix allows the formation of major and minor ________ through which DNA-binding proteins interact with the bases without separating the strands.

The term ________ describes a polycistronic messenger RNA whose expression is under control of a promoter.

When gently released from an E. coli cell, the nucleoid was found to contain 30 to100 domain loops. How are these loops kept together, and what type of studies have demonstrated their independence?

The nucleoids of bacteria and most archaea, as well as the nuclear DNA of eukaryotes, are kept ________ supercoiled.

What role does lysozyme play when isolating DNA from bacterial cells?

When preparing Escherichia coli cells for electron microscopy by osmotic disruption, their chromosome was released, revealing a length ________ as long as a single cell.

A nucleoid gently released from Escherichia coli appears as 30-100 tightly wound loops, each defined by anchoring

Some of the smallest cellular genomes identified thus far are those of

Cite three examples of the use of metagenomics in the advancement of our knowledge of microbiomes.

Describe how the name of bacterial genes and their gene product are denoted.

DNA and RNA polymerases can only synthesize in the ________ direction.