Question 1

Why was the advent of tissue culture heralded as the end of the "monkey era"? What types of things are we able to do with it?

Accepted Answer

Monkeys were being used to culture polio

Question 2

Hershey & Chase (1952) showed that the transmission of DNA by a bacteriophage to a host cell led to the production of progeny bacteriophages. What did this confirm?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is the hereditary material. 
B)  Viruses can infect bacteria. 
C)  Phage genomes can integrate into a bacterial genome. 
D)  Phages inject their genome through the cell envelope. 
E)  Various host molecules can serve as a phage receptor. 
A)  DNA is the hereditary material. 
B)  Viruses can infect bacteria. 
C)  Phage genomes can integrate into a bacterial genome. 
D)  Phages inject their genome through the cell envelope. 
E)  Various host molecules can serve as a phage receptor.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of double-stranded RNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  herpes viruses 
B)  corona viruses 
C)  retrovirus 
D)  orthomixoviruses 
E)  hepadnaviruses 
A)  herpes viruses 
B)  corona viruses 
C)  retrovirus 
D)  orthomixoviruses 
E)  hepadnaviruses

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the three forms a virus can assume?

Accepted Answer

A)  prion 
B)  viral genome integrated within host DNA 
C)  intracellular replication complex 
D)  virion 
E)  virus particle 
A)  prion 
B)  viral genome integrated within host DNA 
C)  intracellular replication complex 
D)  virion 
E)  virus particle

Question 5

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the life cycle of a lytic phage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phage DNA is injected into the bacterial cell. 
B)  The phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  Many copies of phage DNA are made. 
D)  The phage DNA is transcribed, and the resulting mRNA is translated to make capsid proteins. 
E)  All of the steps listed are part of the life cycle of a lytic phage. 
A)  Phage DNA is injected into the bacterial cell. 
B)  The phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  Many copies of phage DNA are made. 
D)  The phage DNA is transcribed, and the resulting mRNA is translated to make capsid proteins. 
E)  All of the steps listed are part of the life cycle of a lytic phage.

Question 6

What are prions and how do they cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Prions are aberrant forms of naturally o

Question 7

Compare and contrast the Baltimore classification of viruses to the proteomic analysis of bacteriophages. Which more accurately reflects the significant impact of phage evolution?

Accepted Answer

The Baltimore classification divides the

Question 8

If something descended from a common ancestor, it is

Accepted Answer

A)  monomeric. 
B)  monophyletic. 
C)  monogrammed. 
D)  monosyllabic. 
E)  monolithic. 
A)  monomeric. 
B)  monophyletic. 
C)  monogrammed. 
D)  monosyllabic. 
E)  monolithic.

Question 9

CRISPR is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial gene. 
B)  bacterial enzyme. 
C)  bacterial immune system. 
D)  inactive viral RNA. 
E)  cascade protein. 
A)  bacterial gene. 
B)  bacterial enzyme. 
C)  bacterial immune system. 
D)  inactive viral RNA. 
E)  cascade protein.

Question 10

Which structure remains outside, attached to the cell surface, after the genome is inserted?

Accepted Answer

A)  an envelope 
B)  a neck 
C)  tail fibers 
D)  a ghost 
E)  temperate 
A)  an envelope 
B)  a neck 
C)  tail fibers 
D)  a ghost 
E)  temperate

Question 11

The RNA genome of the potato spindle tuber viroid requires which type of modified host polymerase for replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
C)  RNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
D)  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
E)  reverse transcriptase 
A)  DNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
C)  RNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
D)  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
E)  reverse transcriptase

Question 12

Define oncogenes and oncogenic viruses, and explain how they can be used in gene therapy.

Accepted Answer

Oncogenes are genes that, when expressed

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of the pararetroviruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have an RNA genome. 
B)  They do not make a DNA intermediate. 
C)  Some have a viral reverse transcriptase. 
D)  Some use a host reverse transcriptase. 
E)  They consist of human and plant pathogens. 
A)  They have an RNA genome. 
B)  They do not make a DNA intermediate. 
C)  Some have a viral reverse transcriptase. 
D)  Some use a host reverse transcriptase. 
E)  They consist of human and plant pathogens.

Question 14

Viruses may be classified by the ________ method.

Accepted Answer

A)  Annapolis 
B)  Baltimore 
C)  Orono 
D)  Augusta 
E)  Portland 
A)  Annapolis 
B)  Baltimore 
C)  Orono 
D)  Augusta 
E)  Portland

Question 15

Which virus is differentiated by being taken up by endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatitis C 
B)  human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  syphilis 
E)  chlamydia 
A)  hepatitis C 
B)  human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  syphilis 
E)  chlamydia

Question 16

What determines the host range and tropism of a virus?

Accepted Answer

Viruses must attach to specific host cel

Question 17

All of the following are true about the measles virus EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is encased by an envelope of membrane. 
B)  fuses with the host cell membrane during infection. 
C)  has progeny that bud out of the host cell. 
D)  generates a rash of red spots on the skin of infected patients. 
E)  is never fatal. 
A)  is encased by an envelope of membrane. 
B)  fuses with the host cell membrane during infection. 
C)  has progeny that bud out of the host cell. 
D)  generates a rash of red spots on the skin of infected patients. 
E)  is never fatal.

Question 18

So far, the known mechanisms of replication and mRNA expression define how many fundamental groups of virus species?

Accepted Answer

A)  five 
B)  six 
C)  seven 
D)  eight 
E)  nine 
A)  five 
B)  six 
C)  seven 
D)  eight 
E)  nine

Question 19

Large asymmetrical viruses are distinguished in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  have no envelope. 
B)  are protein fragments. 
C)  have few enzymes. 
D)  have nucleic acids. 
E)  have many enzymes. 
A)  have no envelope. 
B)  are protein fragments. 
C)  have few enzymes. 
D)  have nucleic acids. 
E)  have many enzymes.

Question 20

A polyhedron with 20 sides has identical ________ faces.

Accepted Answer

A)  helical 
B)  filamentous 
C)  rectangular 
D)  triangular 
E)  asymmetrical 
A)  helical 
B)  filamentous 
C)  rectangular 
D)  triangular 
E)  asymmetrical

Exam 6: Viruses

Why was the advent of tissue culture heralded as the end of the "monkey era"? What types of things are we able to do with it?

Hershey & Chase (1952) showed that the transmission of DNA by a bacteriophage to a host cell led to the production of progeny bacteriophages. What did this confirm?

Which of the following is an example of double-stranded RNA viruses?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three forms a virus can assume?

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the life cycle of a lytic phage?

What are prions and how do they cause disease?

Compare and contrast the Baltimore classification of viruses to the proteomic analysis of bacteriophages. Which more accurately reflects the significant impact of phage evolution?

If something descended from a common ancestor, it is

CRISPR is a(n)

Which structure remains outside, attached to the cell surface, after the genome is inserted?

The RNA genome of the potato spindle tuber viroid requires which type of modified host polymerase for replication?

Define oncogenes and oncogenic viruses, and explain how they can be used in gene therapy.

Which of the following is NOT true of the pararetroviruses?

Viruses may be classified by the ________ method.

Which virus is differentiated by being taken up by endocytosis?

What determines the host range and tropism of a virus?

All of the following are true about the measles virus EXCEPT that it

So far, the known mechanisms of replication and mRNA expression define how many fundamental groups of virus species?

Large asymmetrical viruses are distinguished in that they

A polyhedron with 20 sides has identical ________ faces.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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