Question 1

Which of the following processes occurs in tubular excretory organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis 
B)  Filtration 
C)  Reabsorption 
D)  Urine formation 
E)  All of the answers are correct 
A)  Osmosis 
B)  Filtration 
C)  Reabsorption 
D)  Urine formation 
E)  All of the answers are correct E

Question 2

Insects adapted for dry environments may

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb water vapour in the rectum. 
B)  excrete ammonia. 
C)  actively transport water into excretory tubules. 
D)  produce urine that is more dilute than their body fluids. 
E)  form urine at the blind end of the Malpighian tubules. 
A)  absorb water vapour in the rectum. 
B)  excrete ammonia. 
C)  actively transport water into excretory tubules. 
D)  produce urine that is more dilute than their body fluids. 
E)  form urine at the blind end of the Malpighian tubules. A

Question 3

If an animal passively conforms to its external environment and encounters an area with an unusually high solute concentration, it must be able to

Accepted Answer

A)  move away from the high solute concentration. 
B)  alter the composition of its external environment. 
C)  tolerate a similarly high solute concentration to its internal environment. 
D)  actively regulate its internal environment. 
E)  prevent the high solute levels from crossing its cellular membrane. 
A)  move away from the high solute concentration. 
B)  alter the composition of its external environment. 
C)  tolerate a similarly high solute concentration to its internal environment. 
D)  actively regulate its internal environment. 
E)  prevent the high solute levels from crossing its cellular membrane. C

Question 4

The nephrons of vertebrates have many functions. These function include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of urine. 
B)  solute reabsorption. 
C)  solute secretion. 
D)  H+ ion uptake. 
E)  water reabsorption. 
A)  formation of urine. 
B)  solute reabsorption. 
C)  solute secretion. 
D)  H+ ion uptake. 
E)  water reabsorption.

Question 5

A 500mM MgCl2+ has an osmotic concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 Osm. 
B)  500 Osm. 
C)  1 Osm. 
D)  15000 µOsm. 
E)  5000 mOsm. 
A)  1.5 Osm. 
B)  500 Osm. 
C)  1 Osm. 
D)  15000 µOsm. 
E)  5000 mOsm.

Question 6

In vertebrates, which of the following organs is involved in osmoregulation and excretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salt-secreting gland 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Gills 
D)  Malpighian tubules 
E)  All of the answers are correct 
A)  Salt-secreting gland 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Gills 
D)  Malpighian tubules 
E)  All of the answers are correct

Question 7

To maintain constant body conditions in fresh water, a fish must

Accepted Answer

A)  actively uptake ions and excrete large volumes of dilute urine. 
B)  get rid of excess water by osmosis. 
C)  osmoconform to its environment. 
D)  activate gill pumps to get rid of excess ions. 
E)  lose ions by diffusion from their surface. 
A)  actively uptake ions and excrete large volumes of dilute urine. 
B)  get rid of excess water by osmosis. 
C)  osmoconform to its environment. 
D)  activate gill pumps to get rid of excess ions. 
E)  lose ions by diffusion from their surface.

Question 8

In animals, which of the following situations indicates that osmoregulation is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  The intracellular fluid has the same osmotic concentration as the extracellular fluid. 
B)  The extracellular fluid has the same osmotic concentration as the environment. 
C)  The osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid is greater than that of the environment. 
D)  The osmotic concentration of the concentration of intracellular fluid is less than that of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  The osmotic concentration of the intracellular fluid is greater than that of the extracellular fluid. 
A)  The intracellular fluid has the same osmotic concentration as the extracellular fluid. 
B)  The extracellular fluid has the same osmotic concentration as the environment. 
C)  The osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid is greater than that of the environment. 
D)  The osmotic concentration of the concentration of intracellular fluid is less than that of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  The osmotic concentration of the intracellular fluid is greater than that of the extracellular fluid.

Question 9

The removal of water and solutes from the body fluids of animals is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion. 
B)  elimination. 
C)  osmoregulation. 
D)  elimination 
E)  filtration. 
A)  excretion. 
B)  elimination. 
C)  osmoregulation. 
D)  elimination 
E)  filtration.

Question 10

The two main types of excretory organs in animals are

Accepted Answer

A)  gill pumps and surface filtration pumps. 
B)  surface solute pumps and internal tubular organs. 
C)  surface solute pumps and contractile vacuoles. 
D)  gill pumps and contractile vacuoles. 
E)  epithelial salt-secreting glands and gill pumps. 
A)  gill pumps and surface filtration pumps. 
B)  surface solute pumps and internal tubular organs. 
C)  surface solute pumps and contractile vacuoles. 
D)  gill pumps and contractile vacuoles. 
E)  epithelial salt-secreting glands and gill pumps.

Question 11

The osmotic concentration in the body fluids of an osmoconformer is

Accepted Answer

A)  similar to the concentration in the external environment. 
B)  higher than the concentration in the external environment. 
C)  lower than the concentration in the external environment. 
D)  variable and dependent on the external environment. 
E)  constant. 
A)  similar to the concentration in the external environment. 
B)  higher than the concentration in the external environment. 
C)  lower than the concentration in the external environment. 
D)  variable and dependent on the external environment. 
E)  constant.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a source of water for terrestrial animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drinking. 
B)  Eating. 
C)  Evaporation. 
D)  Metabolism. 
E)  All the answers are water for terrestrial animals. 
A)  Drinking. 
B)  Eating. 
C)  Evaporation. 
D)  Metabolism. 
E)  All the answers are water for terrestrial animals.

Question 13

Which invertebrate excretory system contains branching excretory tubules with blind-ended inner ends, and ciliated cells called 'flame cells'?

Accepted Answer

A)  The protonephridia of flatworms 
B)  The coelomoducts of hagfish 
C)  The metanephridia of earthworms. 
D)  The Malpighian tubules of spiders. 
E)  The metanephridial tubules of crustaceans. 
A)  The protonephridia of flatworms 
B)  The coelomoducts of hagfish 
C)  The metanephridia of earthworms. 
D)  The Malpighian tubules of spiders. 
E)  The metanephridial tubules of crustaceans.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia is energetically more expensive to produce than urea. 
B)  Excreting urea requires more water than excreting ammonia. 
C)  Urea is more toxic than ammonia. 
D)  Ammonia is more soluble in water than urea. 
E)  In humans, ammonia is the predominant nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism. 
A)  Ammonia is energetically more expensive to produce than urea. 
B)  Excreting urea requires more water than excreting ammonia. 
C)  Urea is more toxic than ammonia. 
D)  Ammonia is more soluble in water than urea. 
E)  In humans, ammonia is the predominant nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urea accumulation does not contribute to the medullary osmotic gradient. 
B)  All vertebrates can produce dilute urine but only mammals and birds produce urine more concentrated than blood. 
C)  The kidneys of desert mammals have a low medullary area and so produce highly concentrated urine. 
D)  Urine is concentrated by active removal of solutes as it passes along the collecting duct. 
E)  The kidneys of birds do not have loops of Henle to establish as osmotic concentration gradient in the medulla. 
A)  Urea accumulation does not contribute to the medullary osmotic gradient. 
B)  All vertebrates can produce dilute urine but only mammals and birds produce urine more concentrated than blood. 
C)  The kidneys of desert mammals have a low medullary area and so produce highly concentrated urine. 
D)  Urine is concentrated by active removal of solutes as it passes along the collecting duct. 
E)  The kidneys of birds do not have loops of Henle to establish as osmotic concentration gradient in the medulla.

Question 16

Most aquatic animals eliminate nitrogenous waste by producing

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  nitric oxide. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  nitric oxide. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

In both protonephridia and Malpighian tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  urine is expelled directly from excretory tubules to the exterior of the body. 
B)  urine is modified by tubular reabsorption. 
C)  fluid is transported into excretory tubules by the action of cilia. 
D)  K+ is pumped into the lumen. 
E)  the primary urine is formed by filtration of coelomic fluid. 
A)  urine is expelled directly from excretory tubules to the exterior of the body. 
B)  urine is modified by tubular reabsorption. 
C)  fluid is transported into excretory tubules by the action of cilia. 
D)  K+ is pumped into the lumen. 
E)  the primary urine is formed by filtration of coelomic fluid.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an example of a short-term positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shivering 
B)  Blood clotting 
C)  Child Birth 
D)  Urination 
E)  Defaecation 
A)  Shivering 
B)  Blood clotting 
C)  Child Birth 
D)  Urination 
E)  Defaecation

Question 19

Examine the data in the following table.
Animal Environment
[Total solutes] mOsm 1075 1000
[Na+] mM 269 460
[Cl-] mM 258 540
This data suggests that this animal is

Accepted Answer

A)  an osmoconformer and an ionoregulator. 
B)  an osmoconformer and an ionoconformer. 
C)  an osmoregulator and an ionoconformer. 
D)  an osmoregulator and an ionoregulator. 
E)  The type of osmotic regulation cannot be determined from the information. 
A)  an osmoconformer and an ionoregulator. 
B)  an osmoconformer and an ionoconformer. 
C)  an osmoregulator and an ionoconformer. 
D)  an osmoregulator and an ionoregulator. 
E)  The type of osmotic regulation cannot be determined from the information.

Question 20

The eggs of birds have shells that allow gas exchange but restrict the passage of water. Nitrogenous waste produced by the embryo must be contained within the egg until hatching. This waste is stored in a sac, called the allantois, in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  allantoic acid. 
E)  nitric oxide. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  allantoic acid. 
E)  nitric oxide.

Exam 22: Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Which of the following processes occurs in tubular excretory organs?

Insects adapted for dry environments may

If an animal passively conforms to its external environment and encounters an area with an unusually high solute concentration, it must be able to

The nephrons of vertebrates have many functions. These function include all of the following EXCEPT

A 500mM MgCl2+ has an osmotic concentration of

In vertebrates, which of the following organs is involved in osmoregulation and excretion?

To maintain constant body conditions in fresh water, a fish must

In animals, which of the following situations indicates that osmoregulation is occurring?

The removal of water and solutes from the body fluids of animals is referred to as

The two main types of excretory organs in animals are

The osmotic concentration in the body fluids of an osmoconformer is

Which of the following is NOT a source of water for terrestrial animals?

Which invertebrate excretory system contains branching excretory tubules with blind-ended inner ends, and ciliated cells called 'flame cells'?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Most aquatic animals eliminate nitrogenous waste by producing

In both protonephridia and Malpighian tubules

Which of the following is NOT an example of a short-term positive feedback mechanism?

Examine the data in the following table. Animal Environment [Total solutes] mOsm 1075 1000 [Na+] mM 269 460 [Cl-] mM 258 540 This data suggests that this animal is

The eggs of birds have shells that allow gas exchange but restrict the passage of water. Nitrogenous waste produced by the embryo must be contained within the egg until hatching. This waste is stored in a sac, called the allantois, in the form of

Nature of Molecules

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Filters

A 500mM MgCl²⁺ has an osmotic concentration of

Examine the data in the following table. Animal Environment [Total solutes] mOsm 1075 1000 [Na⁺] mM 269 460 [Cl^-] mM 258 540 This data suggests that this animal is