Question 1

When the density of water is greater than the density of an organism, that organism will

Accepted Answer

A)  rise. 
B)  neither rise nor sink. 
C)  sink. 
D)  expand. 
E)  contract. 
A)  rise. 
B)  neither rise nor sink. 
C)  sink. 
D)  expand. 
E)  contract. A

Question 2

Animals that are positively buoyant

Accepted Answer

A)  can hover in midwater. 
B)  tend to sink at rest. 
C)  tend to rise at rest. 
D)  need to expend energy to stay afloat. 
E)  often increase drag by long extensions of the body. 
A)  can hover in midwater. 
B)  tend to sink at rest. 
C)  tend to rise at rest. 
D)  need to expend energy to stay afloat. 
E)  often increase drag by long extensions of the body. C

Question 3

Which of the following animals has the most energetically efficient locomotion, as measured by the metabolic cost of transport (the relative amount of energy expended in moving the same mass over the same distance)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insects 
B)  Birds 
C)  Humans 
D)  Elephants 
E)  Cheetahs 
A)  Insects 
B)  Birds 
C)  Humans 
D)  Elephants 
E)  Cheetahs C

Question 4

Rowing is a type of locomotion in which

Accepted Answer

A)  the forceful contraction of circular muscles expels water rapidly in one direction to accelerate the animal in the opposite direction. 
B)  cilia produce a power stroke by bending at the base. 
C)  a lateral, side-to-side sweep of the tail is used to accelerate the animal forward. 
D)  trunk musculature and dorsal and ventral fins is used to move water in a backward direction. 
E)  limbs move backwards and forwards and push against the surrounding water and effectively move water backward. 
A)  the forceful contraction of circular muscles expels water rapidly in one direction to accelerate the animal in the opposite direction. 
B)  cilia produce a power stroke by bending at the base. 
C)  a lateral, side-to-side sweep of the tail is used to accelerate the animal forward. 
D)  trunk musculature and dorsal and ventral fins is used to move water in a backward direction. 
E)  limbs move backwards and forwards and push against the surrounding water and effectively move water backward.

Question 5

When a muscle is in its resting state Ca2+ ions are

Accepted Answer

A)  bound to troponin. 
B)  found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  attached to the heads of myosin molecules. 
D)  stored within the sarcoplasm. 
E)  bound to actin fibres. 
A)  bound to troponin. 
B)  found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  attached to the heads of myosin molecules. 
D)  stored within the sarcoplasm. 
E)  bound to actin fibres.

Question 6

All of the following are adaptations to compensate for an animal being more dense than water EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  swim bladders. 
B)  gas-filled chambers. 
C)  fins as hydrofoils. 
D)  large lipid containing internal organs. 
E)  jet propulsion. 
A)  swim bladders. 
B)  gas-filled chambers. 
C)  fins as hydrofoils. 
D)  large lipid containing internal organs. 
E)  jet propulsion.

Question 7

In segmented worms that move via peristaltic contractions, each segment is comprised of a

Accepted Answer

A)  variable volume fluid filled chamber. 
B)  constant-volume fluid filled chamber. 
C)  ciliated vesicle that rapidly adjusts fluid kinetics. 
D)  chitinous shell with a water-permeable epicuticle. 
E)  gas filled chamber. 
A)  variable volume fluid filled chamber. 
B)  constant-volume fluid filled chamber. 
C)  ciliated vesicle that rapidly adjusts fluid kinetics. 
D)  chitinous shell with a water-permeable epicuticle. 
E)  gas filled chamber.

Question 8

Measurement of oxygen consumption is used to determine the use of metabolic energy for locomotion. For animals of the same mass, which of the following is the most efficient means of locomotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swimming 
B)  Walking 
C)  Flying 
D)  Hopping 
E)  Running 
A)  Swimming 
B)  Walking 
C)  Flying 
D)  Hopping 
E)  Running

Question 9

What major advantage is the evolution of legs to animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stability during locomotion 
B)  A high centre of mass 
C)  Reduction in friction during locomotion 
D)  Provision of muscle attachment points 
E)  Provision of support for the body during movement 
A)  Stability during locomotion 
B)  A high centre of mass 
C)  Reduction in friction during locomotion 
D)  Provision of muscle attachment points 
E)  Provision of support for the body during movement

Question 10

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals with four or more feet in contact with the ground are more stable than animals with two feet. 
B)  Squat animals with outstretched limbs are more stable than tall animals. 
C)  To ensure stability when walking, limbs move in a precise sequence dependent on the number of legs and the speed of the animal. 
D)  Precise coordination of leg movements is required to prevent multilegged animals from 'tripping-over' their own legs. 
E)  Limbs of squat animals project away from the body to ensure stability although this compromises the ability to move. 
A)  Animals with four or more feet in contact with the ground are more stable than animals with two feet. 
B)  Squat animals with outstretched limbs are more stable than tall animals. 
C)  To ensure stability when walking, limbs move in a precise sequence dependent on the number of legs and the speed of the animal. 
D)  Precise coordination of leg movements is required to prevent multilegged animals from 'tripping-over' their own legs. 
E)  Limbs of squat animals project away from the body to ensure stability although this compromises the ability to move.

Question 11

Flight is an important means of locomotion for many animals. Which of the following statements about flight is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  In most birds, it is the downstroke of the wings during powered-flight that creates most of the useful lift. 
B)  During powered flight, the upstroke of the wings simply returns the wing to a position for the next downstroke. 
C)  Birds with low wing loading are very agile and able to easily change direction. 
D)  Hovering is energetically favourable as it allows the animal to remain in the same position. 
E)  Active flight is extremely energy-demanding, but for a given body mass is more efficient than walking. 
A)  In most birds, it is the downstroke of the wings during powered-flight that creates most of the useful lift. 
B)  During powered flight, the upstroke of the wings simply returns the wing to a position for the next downstroke. 
C)  Birds with low wing loading are very agile and able to easily change direction. 
D)  Hovering is energetically favourable as it allows the animal to remain in the same position. 
E)  Active flight is extremely energy-demanding, but for a given body mass is more efficient than walking.

Question 12

How do bones lengthen and thicken as individual mammals grow and develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Via appositional deposition of new bone beneath the periosteum 
B)  By continual flaking and layering of osseous tissue 
C)  By creating and filling tiny fractures throughout bones in a controlled, systematic manner 
D)  Via directional adsorption of new bone in a radial pattern 
E)  By acidification of osseous tissue, allowing it to stretch and lengthen 
A)  Via appositional deposition of new bone beneath the periosteum 
B)  By continual flaking and layering of osseous tissue 
C)  By creating and filling tiny fractures throughout bones in a controlled, systematic manner 
D)  Via directional adsorption of new bone in a radial pattern 
E)  By acidification of osseous tissue, allowing it to stretch and lengthen

Question 13

Gliding

Accepted Answer

A)  is essentially non-powered flight. 
B)  is dependent on the body weight and the wing span. 
C)  leads to loss of height. 
D)  may be used for rapid movement to capture prey. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  is essentially non-powered flight. 
B)  is dependent on the body weight and the wing span. 
C)  leads to loss of height. 
D)  may be used for rapid movement to capture prey. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Animals that fly

Accepted Answer

A)  use muscle-powered wings capable of sustained flight. 
B)  are required to produce a lift force as the air passes over the wings to overcome the effect of gravity. 
C)  produce lift force in the direction of their movement to enable flight. 
D)  create an aerofoil effect where the air moves faster over the lower surface of the wing to provide upward movement. 
E)  overcome the drag force of the air by increasing the angle of attack of the wing to more than 20 $\degree$. 
A)  use muscle-powered wings capable of sustained flight. 
B)  are required to produce a lift force as the air passes over the wings to overcome the effect of gravity. 
C)  produce lift force in the direction of their movement to enable flight. 
D)  create an aerofoil effect where the air moves faster over the lower surface of the wing to provide upward movement. 
E)  overcome the drag force of the air by increasing the angle of attack of the wing to more than 20 $\degree$.

Question 15

For animals of the same mass, which would be the most energetically efficient form of transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swimming 
B)  Running 
C)  Hopping 
D)  Flying 
E)  Rowing 
A)  Swimming 
B)  Running 
C)  Hopping 
D)  Flying 
E)  Rowing

Question 16

Whole muscles produce graded responses by

Accepted Answer

A)  individual fibres varying the degree of their response. 
B)  varying frequency of action potentials in motor neurons and the number of fibres being stimulated. 
C)  varying the number of skeletal vs smooth muscle contracting. 
D)  variation in the motor neuron response. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  individual fibres varying the degree of their response. 
B)  varying frequency of action potentials in motor neurons and the number of fibres being stimulated. 
C)  varying the number of skeletal vs smooth muscle contracting. 
D)  variation in the motor neuron response. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Hydrostatic skeletons, endoskeletons and exoskeletons all

Accepted Answer

A)  are composed of living tissue. 
B)  are replaced periodically as the animal grows and develops. 
C)  provide support and give form to the body. 
D)  have attachment sites for muscles. 
E)  provide protection from predators. 
A)  are composed of living tissue. 
B)  are replaced periodically as the animal grows and develops. 
C)  provide support and give form to the body. 
D)  have attachment sites for muscles. 
E)  provide protection from predators.

Question 18

In large, multicellular organisms, what is a function of cilia in addition to moving fluids within their bodies and/or across their surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A)  To move through fluids such as water 
B)  Thermal regulation 
C)  Response to various tropisms 
D)  Regulation of electrochemical gradients across cellular membranes. 
E)  Moving physical material within the body 
A)  To move through fluids such as water 
B)  Thermal regulation 
C)  Response to various tropisms 
D)  Regulation of electrochemical gradients across cellular membranes. 
E)  Moving physical material within the body

Question 19

Which of these forms of locomotion does NOT involve movement of antagonistic pairs of muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jet propulsion in cephalopods 
B)  Peristalsis in earthworms 
C)  Undulatory swimming in fishes 
D)  Ciliary propulsion in flatworms 
E)  Rowing in water beetles 
A)  Jet propulsion in cephalopods 
B)  Peristalsis in earthworms 
C)  Undulatory swimming in fishes 
D)  Ciliary propulsion in flatworms 
E)  Rowing in water beetles

Question 20

Movement by pedal waves and by peristalsis are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  involve waves of muscular contraction. 
B)  involve ciliary propulsion. 
C)  are efficient forms of locomotion for burrowing animals. 
D)  involve alternative contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles. 
E)  are forms of crawling. 
A)  involve waves of muscular contraction. 
B)  involve ciliary propulsion. 
C)  are efficient forms of locomotion for burrowing animals. 
D)  involve alternative contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles. 
E)  are forms of crawling.

Exam 30: Animal Movement

When the density of water is greater than the density of an organism, that organism will

Animals that are positively buoyant

Which of the following animals has the most energetically efficient locomotion, as measured by the metabolic cost of transport (the relative amount of energy expended in moving the same mass over the same distance)?

Rowing is a type of locomotion in which

When a muscle is in its resting state Ca2+ ions are

All of the following are adaptations to compensate for an animal being more dense than water EXCEPT

In segmented worms that move via peristaltic contractions, each segment is comprised of a

Measurement of oxygen consumption is used to determine the use of metabolic energy for locomotion. For animals of the same mass, which of the following is the most efficient means of locomotion?

What major advantage is the evolution of legs to animals?

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Flight is an important means of locomotion for many animals. Which of the following statements about flight is INCORRECT?

How do bones lengthen and thicken as individual mammals grow and develop?

Gliding

Animals that fly

For animals of the same mass, which would be the most energetically efficient form of transport?

Whole muscles produce graded responses by

Hydrostatic skeletons, endoskeletons and exoskeletons all

In large, multicellular organisms, what is a function of cilia in addition to moving fluids within their bodies and/or across their surfaces?

Which of these forms of locomotion does NOT involve movement of antagonistic pairs of muscles?

Movement by pedal waves and by peristalsis are similar in that both

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters

When a muscle is in its resting state Ca²⁺ ions are