Question 1

The nuclear lamina is

Accepted Answer

A)  a structural framework of proteins on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. 
B)  the innermost of the two nuclear membranes. 
C)  proteins lining the cytoplasmic side of the nucleus to anchor the nuclear pores. 
D)  the very thin, dark staining membrane that surrounds the nucleolus. 
E)  the meshwork of proteins that give shape to the nuclear pores. 
A)  a structural framework of proteins on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. 
B)  the innermost of the two nuclear membranes. 
C)  proteins lining the cytoplasmic side of the nucleus to anchor the nuclear pores. 
D)  the very thin, dark staining membrane that surrounds the nucleolus. 
E)  the meshwork of proteins that give shape to the nuclear pores. A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT commonly found in association with the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolipids 
B)  Integral proteins 
C)  Peripheral proteins 
D)  Cytochrome 
E)  Cholesterol 
A)  Glycolipids 
B)  Integral proteins 
C)  Peripheral proteins 
D)  Cytochrome 
E)  Cholesterol D

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a cargo molecule transported via the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polysaccharides 
B)  Transcripts 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Glycoproteins 
E)  All options listed here are correct. 
A)  Polysaccharides 
B)  Transcripts 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Glycoproteins 
E)  All options listed here are correct. B

Question 4

A primary function of plasma membranes is to

Accepted Answer

A)  allow only water and non-polar molecules to pass into and out of cells and organelles. 
B)  allow the passage of water into and out of cells but prevent movement of other molecules. 
C)  regulate the flow of molecules into and out of cells and organelles. 
D)  provide an impermeable protective barrier, sealing cells and organelles from their surrounding environment. 
E)  provide a protective barrier but allow specific ions to pass in and out of the cell. 
A)  allow only water and non-polar molecules to pass into and out of cells and organelles. 
B)  allow the passage of water into and out of cells but prevent movement of other molecules. 
C)  regulate the flow of molecules into and out of cells and organelles. 
D)  provide an impermeable protective barrier, sealing cells and organelles from their surrounding environment. 
E)  provide a protective barrier but allow specific ions to pass in and out of the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microfilaments cause cytoplasmic streaming in large plant cells. 
B)  Microtubules support specialised extensions from the cell. 
C)  The cytoskeleton ensures that organelles only ever stay in the one place. 
D)  Cytoskeleton consists of both microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. 
E)  Microtubules are hollow cylinders composed of tubulin. 
A)  Microfilaments cause cytoplasmic streaming in large plant cells. 
B)  Microtubules support specialised extensions from the cell. 
C)  The cytoskeleton ensures that organelles only ever stay in the one place. 
D)  Cytoskeleton consists of both microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. 
E)  Microtubules are hollow cylinders composed of tubulin.

Question 6

In general, how much of cellular membrane mass is comprised of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  30% 
C)  60% 
D)  40% 
E)  50% 
A)  20% 
B)  30% 
C)  60% 
D)  40% 
E)  50%

Question 7

A hypothetical genetic mutation, which resulted in malfunctioning microbodies, is discovered in mice. You would expect affected mice to show symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  collapse of soft tissue, due to lack of structural support within the cells. 
B)  cumulative physical deterioration, due to the inability of cells to form an effective mitotic spindle. 
C)  infertility, due to an inability of cells to form an effective meiotic spindle and also B above. 
D)  toxicity, due to an accumulation of cellular byproducts. 
E)  enlarged liver due to the increased production of glyoxysomes to replace the malfunctioning microbodies. 
A)  collapse of soft tissue, due to lack of structural support within the cells. 
B)  cumulative physical deterioration, due to the inability of cells to form an effective mitotic spindle. 
C)  infertility, due to an inability of cells to form an effective meiotic spindle and also B above. 
D)  toxicity, due to an accumulation of cellular byproducts. 
E)  enlarged liver due to the increased production of glyoxysomes to replace the malfunctioning microbodies.

Question 8

Why is staining and fluorescence commonly used in advanced microscopy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because most cells and cellular components are transparent 
B)  To highlight particular regions of a cell 
C)  To demonstrate a relationship between one or more molecules in situ 
D)  To identify the expression pattern of one or more genes 
E)  All of these options are correct 
A)  Because most cells and cellular components are transparent 
B)  To highlight particular regions of a cell 
C)  To demonstrate a relationship between one or more molecules in situ 
D)  To identify the expression pattern of one or more genes 
E)  All of these options are correct

Question 9

In which cells of an organism would you expect to find the highest numbers of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those involved in structural support. 
B)  Those most metabolically active. 
C)  Those producing proteins for secretion. 
D)  Those providing protective outer layers. 
E)  All cells in a given organism have the same number of mitochondria. 
A)  Those involved in structural support. 
B)  Those most metabolically active. 
C)  Those producing proteins for secretion. 
D)  Those providing protective outer layers. 
E)  All cells in a given organism have the same number of mitochondria.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the nucleus of a cell is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins imported into the nucleus require a nuclear localisation signal that interacts with the DNA. 
B)  The nucleolus is a region in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesised. 
C)  The nucleus contains DNA and is surrounded by the membrane envelope which is perforated by nuclear pores. 
D)  Nuclear pores regulate the passage of proteins and RNA in and out of the nucleus. 
E)  In the nucleus, long DNA molecules wind around clusters of histone proteins which allow the DNA to form chromosomes. 
A)  Proteins imported into the nucleus require a nuclear localisation signal that interacts with the DNA. 
B)  The nucleolus is a region in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesised. 
C)  The nucleus contains DNA and is surrounded by the membrane envelope which is perforated by nuclear pores. 
D)  Nuclear pores regulate the passage of proteins and RNA in and out of the nucleus. 
E)  In the nucleus, long DNA molecules wind around clusters of histone proteins which allow the DNA to form chromosomes.

Question 11

In eukaryotes, intermediate filaments are

Accepted Answer

A)  strong, stable and resistant to stretching. 
B)  less rigid than microfilaments and provide less mechanical support than microtubules. 
C)  composed of actin and provide the cytoskeleton of the cell. 
D)  involved in chromosome during cell division. 
E)  found only in cilia and flagella. 
A)  strong, stable and resistant to stretching. 
B)  less rigid than microfilaments and provide less mechanical support than microtubules. 
C)  composed of actin and provide the cytoskeleton of the cell. 
D)  involved in chromosome during cell division. 
E)  found only in cilia and flagella.

Question 12

In eukaryotes, polypeptide synthesis occurs in

Accepted Answer

A)  the nucleolus, where synthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs. 
B)  the cytosol, either free or in association with the outside surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, either free or in association with the inside surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  association with the outside surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  the mitochondria cytosol in association with the Golgi cis-membrane. 
A)  the nucleolus, where synthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs. 
B)  the cytosol, either free or in association with the outside surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, either free or in association with the inside surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  association with the outside surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  the mitochondria cytosol in association with the Golgi cis-membrane.

Question 13

You will NOT find DNA in

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  the cytosol. 
D)  plastids. 
E)  DNA is found in all these organelles. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  the cytosol. 
D)  plastids. 
E)  DNA is found in all these organelles.

Question 14

Why is a bacterial flagella described as a 'motor-complex'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because it is the primary heat source for the cell 
B)  Because it spins and propels the cell forward 
C)  Because it converts fuel into chemical energy 
D)  Because it continuously pumps protons across the cell membrane 
E)  All of these options are incorrect 
A)  Because it is the primary heat source for the cell 
B)  Because it spins and propels the cell forward 
C)  Because it converts fuel into chemical energy 
D)  Because it continuously pumps protons across the cell membrane 
E)  All of these options are incorrect

Question 15

The Golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

A)  is found only in prokaryotes. 
B)  is the main site of lipid production for membranes. 
C)  is a network of tubular membranes. 
D)  processes and packages many different substances for transport to other sites in the cell. 
E)  is the site of degradation of unwanted cellular proteins. 
A)  is found only in prokaryotes. 
B)  is the main site of lipid production for membranes. 
C)  is a network of tubular membranes. 
D)  processes and packages many different substances for transport to other sites in the cell. 
E)  is the site of degradation of unwanted cellular proteins.

Question 16

Why is the Golgi apparatus, unlike other cellular features, always spelt with a capital letter?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a cellular feature of particularly crucial importance, signified by its beginning with a capital letter. 
B)  When first described by Alberto Minguell in 1886, it was accidentally spelt with a capital letter which has carried on into modern literature. 
C)  It is named after Camillo Golgi, who first identified the Golgi apparatus in 1897. 
D)  It is an acronym for 'Glucose orthophosphate layers, glyco-transport intracellular'. 
E)  Golgi is an abbreviation for Golgihexoheptahydratekinase. Scientific terms commonly spelt as an abbreviation have a capital letter to identify it as such. 
A)  It is a cellular feature of particularly crucial importance, signified by its beginning with a capital letter. 
B)  When first described by Alberto Minguell in 1886, it was accidentally spelt with a capital letter which has carried on into modern literature. 
C)  It is named after Camillo Golgi, who first identified the Golgi apparatus in 1897. 
D)  It is an acronym for 'Glucose orthophosphate layers, glyco-transport intracellular'. 
E)  Golgi is an abbreviation for Golgihexoheptahydratekinase. Scientific terms commonly spelt as an abbreviation have a capital letter to identify it as such.

Question 17

Which of the following are all functions performed by membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transport facilitation, enzyme activity, provision of a relatively impermeable bilayer structure 
B)  Enzyme activity, chemical reception, regulation of membrane fluidity 
C)  Transport facilitation, enzyme activity, chemical reception 
D)  Transport facilitation, regulation of membrane fluidity, chemical reception 
E)  Chemical reception, provision of a relatively impermeable bilayer structure, regulation of membrane fluidity 
A)  Transport facilitation, enzyme activity, provision of a relatively impermeable bilayer structure 
B)  Enzyme activity, chemical reception, regulation of membrane fluidity 
C)  Transport facilitation, enzyme activity, chemical reception 
D)  Transport facilitation, regulation of membrane fluidity, chemical reception 
E)  Chemical reception, provision of a relatively impermeable bilayer structure, regulation of membrane fluidity

Question 18

Which of the following is surrounded by a double membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  The nucleus 
C)  A lysosome 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  Microbodies 
A)  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  The nucleus 
C)  A lysosome 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  Microbodies

Question 19

A major function of the nucleolus is to

Accepted Answer

A)  control the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus. 
B)  manufacture and store DNA. 
C)  make ribosomal RNA components. 
D)  replicate DNA molecules. 
E)  import proteins into the nucleus for RNA synthesis. 
A)  control the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus. 
B)  manufacture and store DNA. 
C)  make ribosomal RNA components. 
D)  replicate DNA molecules. 
E)  import proteins into the nucleus for RNA synthesis.

Question 20

Nuclear lamins are

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules that are involved in cell division. 
B)  intermediate filaments that are cross-linked forming a lattice to support the nuclear membrane. 
C)  microtubules that radiate out from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. 
D)  rigid groups of microtubules often cross-bridged by microtubule-associated proteins. 
E)  highly dynamic structures composed of G-actin and the actin-binding protein profilin. 
A)  microtubules that are involved in cell division. 
B)  intermediate filaments that are cross-linked forming a lattice to support the nuclear membrane. 
C)  microtubules that radiate out from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. 
D)  rigid groups of microtubules often cross-bridged by microtubule-associated proteins. 
E)  highly dynamic structures composed of G-actin and the actin-binding protein profilin.

Exam 4: Functioning Cells

The nuclear lamina is

Which of the following is NOT commonly found in association with the cell membrane?

Which of the following is NOT a cargo molecule transported via the Golgi apparatus?

A primary function of plasma membranes is to

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

In general, how much of cellular membrane mass is comprised of proteins?

A hypothetical genetic mutation, which resulted in malfunctioning microbodies, is discovered in mice. You would expect affected mice to show symptoms of

Why is staining and fluorescence commonly used in advanced microscopy?

In which cells of an organism would you expect to find the highest numbers of mitochondria?

Which of the following statements about the nucleus of a cell is INCORRECT?

In eukaryotes, intermediate filaments are

In eukaryotes, polypeptide synthesis occurs in

You will NOT find DNA in

Why is a bacterial flagella described as a 'motor-complex'?

The Golgi apparatus

Why is the Golgi apparatus, unlike other cellular features, always spelt with a capital letter?

Which of the following are all functions performed by membrane proteins?

Which of the following is surrounded by a double membrane?

A major function of the nucleolus is to

Nuclear lamins are

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

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Human Impacts

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