Question 1

All animals have requirements without which they would not survive and reproduce. These include

Accepted Answer

A)  light for plants. 
B)  fruit for fruit-bats. 
C)  flowers for some insects. 
D)  prey for predators. 
E)  All of these are requirements for specific organisms. 
A)  light for plants. 
B)  fruit for fruit-bats. 
C)  flowers for some insects. 
D)  prey for predators. 
E)  All of these are requirements for specific organisms. E

Question 2

A big-cat species hunts across a significant area within which it preys upon a large and varied array of other animals. In so doing, it helps maintain the balance of the ecosystem in which it lives and hunts. As such, it can be considered to be a

Accepted Answer

A)  keystone predator. 
B)  aggressive species. 
C)  Yautja. 
D)  alpha micophagist. 
E)  ambush predator. 
A)  keystone predator. 
B)  aggressive species. 
C)  Yautja. 
D)  alpha micophagist. 
E)  ambush predator. A

Question 3

Simpson's index is

Accepted Answer

A)  the probably of randomly picking two individuals that are different species within a community. 
B)  zero when there is a single species in a community. 
C)  nearly one when there are many species in equal numbers in a community. 
D)  relates the number of species in a community to their relative abundance. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the probably of randomly picking two individuals that are different species within a community. 
B)  zero when there is a single species in a community. 
C)  nearly one when there are many species in equal numbers in a community. 
D)  relates the number of species in a community to their relative abundance. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. A

Question 4

Plants often contain chemicals to deter herbivores. These are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  plant primary compounds. 
B)  plant secondary compounds. 
C)  terpenoids. 
D)  alkaloids. 
E)  physical defences. 
A)  plant primary compounds. 
B)  plant secondary compounds. 
C)  terpenoids. 
D)  alkaloids. 
E)  physical defences.

Question 5

Two species of birds eat the seeds of the same rainforest plant. Hence they are

Accepted Answer

A)  interspecific competitors. 
B)  intraspecific competitors. 
C)  partitioning resources. 
D)  likely to become extinct. 
E)  exploitative competitors. 
A)  interspecific competitors. 
B)  intraspecific competitors. 
C)  partitioning resources. 
D)  likely to become extinct. 
E)  exploitative competitors.

Question 6

A commercial plantation of Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna) would have

Accepted Answer

A)  high structural diversity and low species diversity. 
B)  high species diversity and low structural diversity. 
C)  low structural diversity and low species diversity. 
D)  high species diversity and high structural diversity. 
E)  high $\alpha$-diversity and low $\beta$-diversity. 
A)  high structural diversity and low species diversity. 
B)  high species diversity and low structural diversity. 
C)  low structural diversity and low species diversity. 
D)  high species diversity and high structural diversity. 
E)  high $\alpha$-diversity and low $\beta$-diversity.

Question 7

The introduction of the Cactoblastis moth to eat introduced prickly pear in Australia is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  symbiosis. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  biological control. 
D)  parasitism. 
E)  chemical control. 
A)  symbiosis. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  biological control. 
D)  parasitism. 
E)  chemical control.

Question 8

A community consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  groups of single species. 
B)  all sessile organisms such as plants. 
C)  all organisms living in a particular area. 
D)  animal species which interact with plant species in an ecological area. 
E)  the macrofauna and macroflora of a particular area. 
A)  groups of single species. 
B)  all sessile organisms such as plants. 
C)  all organisms living in a particular area. 
D)  animal species which interact with plant species in an ecological area. 
E)  the macrofauna and macroflora of a particular area.

Question 9

Percentage projective foliage cover is the percentage of the ground surface

Accepted Answer

A)  above which there is foliage. 
B)  that is predicted to be covered by foliage at a given time in the future. 
C)  above which tall narrow trees grow. 
D)  covered with litter from the above trees. 
E)  above which there is a foliage canopy thick enough to protect small mammals from aerial attack. 
A)  above which there is foliage. 
B)  that is predicted to be covered by foliage at a given time in the future. 
C)  above which tall narrow trees grow. 
D)  covered with litter from the above trees. 
E)  above which there is a foliage canopy thick enough to protect small mammals from aerial attack.

Question 10

A parasitoid is

Accepted Answer

A)  an insect with a parasitic larval stage and a free-living adult stage. 
B)  an organism that mimics but is not, in fact, a true parasite. 
C)  an organism that is facultatively parasitic. 
D)  an bacteria with an requirement for a specific host for development. 
E)  a parasitic insect that never actually kills its host. 
A)  an insect with a parasitic larval stage and a free-living adult stage. 
B)  an organism that mimics but is not, in fact, a true parasite. 
C)  an organism that is facultatively parasitic. 
D)  an bacteria with an requirement for a specific host for development. 
E)  a parasitic insect that never actually kills its host.

Question 11

An ecologist is studying the diversity of grasshopper species in different forest types. This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A) $\alpha$-diversity. 
B)  $\gamma$-diversity. 
C)  $\Delta$-diversity. 
D)  $\beta$-diversity. 
E)   -diversity. 
A) $\alpha$-diversity. 
B)  $\gamma$-diversity. 
C)  $\Delta$-diversity. 
D)  $\beta$-diversity. 
E)   -diversity.

Question 12

Two species of weevil are placed in a closed bottle of flour. At the end of a month, only one species is found in the bottle. This demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  intraspecific competition. 
B)  the competitive exclusion principle. 
C)  the need for a minimum viable population. 
D)  partitioning of resources. 
A)  intraspecific competition. 
B)  the competitive exclusion principle. 
C)  the need for a minimum viable population. 
D)  partitioning of resources.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predation is the feeding of one organism on the fruit of a plant. 
B)  Predators have little effect on the abundance of their prey in an ecosystem. 
C)  Some organisms avoid predators by mimicking the behaviour of an unpalatable animal. 
D)  An ectoparasite of cattle is a predator. 
E)  Predators are an excellent means for biological control of organisms. 
A)  Predation is the feeding of one organism on the fruit of a plant. 
B)  Predators have little effect on the abundance of their prey in an ecosystem. 
C)  Some organisms avoid predators by mimicking the behaviour of an unpalatable animal. 
D)  An ectoparasite of cattle is a predator. 
E)  Predators are an excellent means for biological control of organisms.

Question 14

Which alternative best describes the Monarch butterfly's defence against predators?

Accepted Answer

A)  Batesian mimicry. 
B)  It sequesters toxic plant compounds in its body making it unpalatable. 
C)  It copies the coloration pattern of a toxic butterfly. 
D)  It produces an alkaloid which is toxic. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Batesian mimicry. 
B)  It sequesters toxic plant compounds in its body making it unpalatable. 
C)  It copies the coloration pattern of a toxic butterfly. 
D)  It produces an alkaloid which is toxic. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

$\alpha$-diversity and $\beta$-diversity differ in the following way.

Accepted Answer

A)  One means high-level diversity while the other means low-level diversity. 
B)  One refers to a community that has many abundant species and the other refers to a community that has many rare species. 
C)  One refers to diversity within a location and one refers to diversity between locations. 
D)  One measures the number of different species while the other takes into account the number within each species. 
E)  One refers to natural diversity and one refers to diversity in communities that have been heavily influenced by humans. 
A)  One means high-level diversity while the other means low-level diversity. 
B)  One refers to a community that has many abundant species and the other refers to a community that has many rare species. 
C)  One refers to diversity within a location and one refers to diversity between locations. 
D)  One measures the number of different species while the other takes into account the number within each species. 
E)  One refers to natural diversity and one refers to diversity in communities that have been heavily influenced by humans.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of bushfires on an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  They promote species richness. 
B)  They promote species diversity. 
C)  They add structure to communities. 
D)  They promote habitat variability. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  They promote species richness. 
B)  They promote species diversity. 
C)  They add structure to communities. 
D)  They promote habitat variability. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

A community could be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a collection of species that happen to live together at the same location. 
B)  a collection of species that live in the same location and interact strongly with each other. 
C)  a collection of species that live together and have evolved together. 
D)  an interacting group of species living together as an ecological unit. 
E)  Any of the above, depending on which ecological view you subscribe to. 
A)  a collection of species that happen to live together at the same location. 
B)  a collection of species that live in the same location and interact strongly with each other. 
C)  a collection of species that live together and have evolved together. 
D)  an interacting group of species living together as an ecological unit. 
E)  Any of the above, depending on which ecological view you subscribe to.

Question 18

An ectoparasite

Accepted Answer

A)  lives on the outside of its host. 
B)  lives inside its host. 
C)  is an insect with a parasitic larval stage. 
D)  is a predator. 
A)  lives on the outside of its host. 
B)  lives inside its host. 
C)  is an insect with a parasitic larval stage. 
D)  is a predator.

Question 19

In myrmecotrophy (a specialised ant-plant relationship), the plant is thought to benefit from

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrients in ant waste. 
B)  sap tapping. 
C)  nectar food rewards. 
D)  root aeration. 
E)  construction of domatia. 
A)  nutrients in ant waste. 
B)  sap tapping. 
C)  nectar food rewards. 
D)  root aeration. 
E)  construction of domatia.

Question 20

Predation is

Accepted Answer

A)  a direct interaction between species. 
B)  an indirect interaction between species. 
C)  a more specialised form of interaction than parasitism. 
D)  an interaction between different ecosystems. 
E)  not an interaction. 
A)  a direct interaction between species. 
B)  an indirect interaction between species. 
C)  a more specialised form of interaction than parasitism. 
D)  an interaction between different ecosystems. 
E)  not an interaction.

Exam 44: Living in Communities

All animals have requirements without which they would not survive and reproduce. These include

A big-cat species hunts across a significant area within which it preys upon a large and varied array of other animals. In so doing, it helps maintain the balance of the ecosystem in which it lives and hunts. As such, it can be considered to be a

Simpson's index is

Plants often contain chemicals to deter herbivores. These are known as

Two species of birds eat the seeds of the same rainforest plant. Hence they are

A commercial plantation of Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna) would have

The introduction of the Cactoblastis moth to eat introduced prickly pear in Australia is an example of

A community consists of

Percentage projective foliage cover is the percentage of the ground surface

A parasitoid is

An ecologist is studying the diversity of grasshopper species in different forest types. This would be an example of

Two species of weevil are placed in a closed bottle of flour. At the end of a month, only one species is found in the bottle. This demonstrates

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Which alternative best describes the Monarch butterfly's defence against predators?

α\alphaα -diversity and β\betaβ -diversity differ in the following way.

Which of the following best describes the effect of bushfires on an ecosystem?

A community could be defined as

An ectoparasite

In myrmecotrophy (a specialised ant-plant relationship), the plant is thought to benefit from

Predation is

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters

$\alpha$ -diversity and $\beta$ -diversity differ in the following way.