Question 1

Aquaporins are

Accepted Answer

A)  transmembrane transport proteins using ATP to transport water across the membrane. 
B)  membrane transport proteins which transport water and some specific small ions into cells. 
C)  specific membrane proteins which are hormonally induced only in kidney cells to transport large volumes of water. 
D)  a family of membrane-spanning proteins that contribute to water permeability of membranes. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  transmembrane transport proteins using ATP to transport water across the membrane. 
B)  membrane transport proteins which transport water and some specific small ions into cells. 
C)  specific membrane proteins which are hormonally induced only in kidney cells to transport large volumes of water. 
D)  a family of membrane-spanning proteins that contribute to water permeability of membranes. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. D

Question 2

The equation $\Psi$ = $\Psi$ $\pi$ + $\Psi$P represents

Accepted Answer

A)  water potential, osmotic potential and pressure potential respectively. 
B)  water potential, pressure potential and osmotic potential respectively. 
C)  osmotic potential, water potential and pressure potential respectively. 
D)  pressure potential, water potential and osmotic potential respectively. 
E)  osmotic potential, pressure potential and water potential respectively. 
A)  water potential, osmotic potential and pressure potential respectively. 
B)  water potential, pressure potential and osmotic potential respectively. 
C)  osmotic potential, water potential and pressure potential respectively. 
D)  pressure potential, water potential and osmotic potential respectively. 
E)  osmotic potential, pressure potential and water potential respectively. A

Question 3

In animal cells, the Na+-K+ translocating ATPase

Accepted Answer

A)  removes 2 Na+ for each 3 K+ pumped into the cell. 
B)  is an antiport system. 
C)  is an active transport process required to maintain a high intracellular Na+ ion concentration. 
D)  increases the concentration of Na+ ions in the cell that may interfere with various enzyme systems. 
E)  uses the energy from one ATP molecule for each Na+-K+ pair transported. 
A)  removes 2 Na+ for each 3 K+ pumped into the cell. 
B)  is an antiport system. 
C)  is an active transport process required to maintain a high intracellular Na+ ion concentration. 
D)  increases the concentration of Na+ ions in the cell that may interfere with various enzyme systems. 
E)  uses the energy from one ATP molecule for each Na+-K+ pair transported. B

Question 4

Which of the following statements about transport proteins is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membrane transport proteins accelerate the movement of molecules across membranes. 
B)  In primary active transport, the energy to transport the molecule is obtained directly from the hydrolysis of metabolic energy. 
C)  Ion channels are present in all membranes to allow the rapid influx of specific ions. 
D)  Transport proteins often span the phospholipid bilayer. 
E)  Aquaporins are a class of transport proteins involved in water transport. 
A)  Membrane transport proteins accelerate the movement of molecules across membranes. 
B)  In primary active transport, the energy to transport the molecule is obtained directly from the hydrolysis of metabolic energy. 
C)  Ion channels are present in all membranes to allow the rapid influx of specific ions. 
D)  Transport proteins often span the phospholipid bilayer. 
E)  Aquaporins are a class of transport proteins involved in water transport.

Question 5

Which of these processes can be commonly associated with an ion being transported across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  A change in voltage across the cell membrane 
B)  A change in the state of a ligand-gated channel 
C)  All options listed here are correct 
D)  Rapid entry/exit across the membrane relative to a carrier 
E)  A change in the state of a mechanically gated channel 
A)  A change in voltage across the cell membrane 
B)  A change in the state of a ligand-gated channel 
C)  All options listed here are correct 
D)  Rapid entry/exit across the membrane relative to a carrier 
E)  A change in the state of a mechanically gated channel

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a membrane bound protein that can facilitate the faster transport of certain molecules across membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Symport 
B)  Aquaporin 
C)  Channel 
D)  Antiport 
E)  Cytoporin 
A)  Symport 
B)  Aquaporin 
C)  Channel 
D)  Antiport 
E)  Cytoporin

Question 7

Endocytosis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the transport of cellular products to the external environment in membrane vesicles. 
B)  the fusion of vesicles constructed inside the cell to the plasma membrane. 
C)  the formation of clathrin coated pits for the transport of specific molecules out of the cell. 
D)  the transport of extracellular products into the cell in membrane vesicles. 
E)  manufacturing new membrane components and adding them to the plasma membrane. 
A)  the transport of cellular products to the external environment in membrane vesicles. 
B)  the fusion of vesicles constructed inside the cell to the plasma membrane. 
C)  the formation of clathrin coated pits for the transport of specific molecules out of the cell. 
D)  the transport of extracellular products into the cell in membrane vesicles. 
E)  manufacturing new membrane components and adding them to the plasma membrane.

Question 8

Diffusion is

Accepted Answer

A)  an active process. 
B)  driven by the intrinsic kinetic energy of a molecule. 
C)  driven by the enzyme activity of membrane proteins. 
D)  the result of molecules tending to move out unevenly. 
E)  the movement of molecules from a low- to a high-solute concentration. 
A)  an active process. 
B)  driven by the intrinsic kinetic energy of a molecule. 
C)  driven by the enzyme activity of membrane proteins. 
D)  the result of molecules tending to move out unevenly. 
E)  the movement of molecules from a low- to a high-solute concentration.

Question 9

Electrical impulses are conducted using

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  transmembrane carrier proteins. 
C)  endocytosis. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  transmembrane protein channels. 
A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  transmembrane carrier proteins. 
C)  endocytosis. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  transmembrane protein channels.

Question 10

Osmosis refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  passive movement of water against a concentration gradient. 
B)  passive movement of water through a membrane against its water potential gradient. 
C)  passive movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane down its water potential gradient. 
D)  active movement of water against the concentration gradient. 
E)  active transport of water through a selectively permeable membrane. 
A)  passive movement of water against a concentration gradient. 
B)  passive movement of water through a membrane against its water potential gradient. 
C)  passive movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane down its water potential gradient. 
D)  active movement of water against the concentration gradient. 
E)  active transport of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 11

A graduate scientist is working with a cell culture that he has determined requires a particular nutrient at a rate faster than the cell can uptake it by simple or facilitated diffusion. How would the scientist deal with this cell culture in light of this requirement?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will need to genetically engineer it to integrate additional carrier or channel proteins into the cell membranes. 
B)  He will need to subject it to a natural mutagen such as gamma rays to produce a mutated line with a higher passive transport capacity. 
C)  He will need to find a new cell line that does not have this nutrient requirement. 
D)  He must ensure there are adequate levels of the nutrient in his media so that the cell culture can expend energy in the form of ATP and uptake it via active transport. 
E)  He should add a nutrient binding compound that will chelate with the nutrient, thus facilitating its uptake. 
A)  He will need to genetically engineer it to integrate additional carrier or channel proteins into the cell membranes. 
B)  He will need to subject it to a natural mutagen such as gamma rays to produce a mutated line with a higher passive transport capacity. 
C)  He will need to find a new cell line that does not have this nutrient requirement. 
D)  He must ensure there are adequate levels of the nutrient in his media so that the cell culture can expend energy in the form of ATP and uptake it via active transport. 
E)  He should add a nutrient binding compound that will chelate with the nutrient, thus facilitating its uptake.

Question 12

Two identical containers of water have the same dye added to each of them, but at different concentrations. Why does the dye diffuse through the solvent faster when added at a higher concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the dye has higher Brownian motion at higher concentrations 
B)  Because there is a smaller difference in the concentration gradient 
C)  Because there is a larger difference in the concentration gradient 
D)  Because there is a smaller difference in the rate of net diffusion 
E)  Because there is a larger input of energy facilitated by the more concentrated dye 
A)  Because the dye has higher Brownian motion at higher concentrations 
B)  Because there is a smaller difference in the concentration gradient 
C)  Because there is a larger difference in the concentration gradient 
D)  Because there is a smaller difference in the rate of net diffusion 
E)  Because there is a larger input of energy facilitated by the more concentrated dye

Question 13

Although chloride ions are hydrophilic, they can enter cells by diffusion through membrane proteins called

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors. 
B)  carriers. 
C)  channels. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  pumps. 
A)  receptors. 
B)  carriers. 
C)  channels. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  pumps.

Question 14

Primary active transport pumps ions against their electrochemical gradient. However, in secondary active transport

Accepted Answer

A)  the movement of ions down its electrochemical gradient is used to move other solutes against their electrochemical gradient. 
B)  the hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive hydrogen ions and other ions against the electrochemical gradient. 
C)  the movement of protons is used to move negatively charged ions against the concentration gradient. 
D)  the co-transport of ions down the electrochemical gradient. 
E)  All the statements are forms of secondary active transport. 
A)  the movement of ions down its electrochemical gradient is used to move other solutes against their electrochemical gradient. 
B)  the hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive hydrogen ions and other ions against the electrochemical gradient. 
C)  the movement of protons is used to move negatively charged ions against the concentration gradient. 
D)  the co-transport of ions down the electrochemical gradient. 
E)  All the statements are forms of secondary active transport.

Question 15

Which of the following set of conditions will create the highest water potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low concentration of solutes, high hydrostatic pressure 
B)  High concentration of solutes, high tension 
C)  Low concentration of solutes, low hydrostatic pressure 
D)  High concentration of solutes, low tension 
E)  High concentration of solutes, high hydrostatic pressure 
A)  Low concentration of solutes, high hydrostatic pressure 
B)  High concentration of solutes, high tension 
C)  Low concentration of solutes, low hydrostatic pressure 
D)  High concentration of solutes, low tension 
E)  High concentration of solutes, high hydrostatic pressure

Question 16

Aquaporins

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the permeability coefficient of small polar molecules. 
B)  are more abundant in tissues with low water permeability. 
C)  maintain water permeability at a constant level. 
D)  may result in transient changes to the water permeability of tissues. 
E)  increase the active transport of water out of cells. 
A)  decrease the permeability coefficient of small polar molecules. 
B)  are more abundant in tissues with low water permeability. 
C)  maintain water permeability at a constant level. 
D)  may result in transient changes to the water permeability of tissues. 
E)  increase the active transport of water out of cells.

Question 17

When a solute is placed in water, the molecules spread until they are evenly spread. Which of the following statements about this movement of the molecules is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement is a result of the intrinsic kinetic energy of the molecules. 
B)  The tendency of the molecules to spread evenly through the space available is termed diffusion. 
C)  Movement of the molecules is an active process. 
D)  The larger the concentration difference, the more rapid the rate of movement. 
E)  Increasing the temperature increases the rate of solute movement. 
A)  Movement is a result of the intrinsic kinetic energy of the molecules. 
B)  The tendency of the molecules to spread evenly through the space available is termed diffusion. 
C)  Movement of the molecules is an active process. 
D)  The larger the concentration difference, the more rapid the rate of movement. 
E)  Increasing the temperature increases the rate of solute movement.

Question 18

If the electrical and concentration gradients draw ions in opposite directions, the direction of net passive movement depends on the

Accepted Answer

A)  strength of the electrical gradient. 
B)  strength of the concentration gradient. 
C)  strength of neither gradient. 
D)  strengths of both gradients. 
E)  the charge on the ion. 
A)  strength of the electrical gradient. 
B)  strength of the concentration gradient. 
C)  strength of neither gradient. 
D)  strengths of both gradients. 
E)  the charge on the ion.

Question 19

Active movement across a membrane usually involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the hydrolysis of ADP. 
B)  channel-mediated transport. 
C)  movement down a concentration gradient. 
D)  movement against an electrochemical gradient. 
E)  movement along an electrochemical gradient. 
A)  the hydrolysis of ADP. 
B)  channel-mediated transport. 
C)  movement down a concentration gradient. 
D)  movement against an electrochemical gradient. 
E)  movement along an electrochemical gradient.

Question 20

Clathrin

Accepted Answer

A)  is a receptor in the surface of the cell membrane. 
B)  is a protein that coats vesicles formed by endocytosis. 
C)  causes the dissociation of low density lipoprotein-receptor complexes. 
D)  is a protein that lines the plasma membrane to mark the sites of exocytosis. 
E)  is a carrier specific for low-density lipoproteins. 
A)  is a receptor in the surface of the cell membrane. 
B)  is a protein that coats vesicles formed by endocytosis. 
C)  causes the dissociation of low density lipoprotein-receptor complexes. 
D)  is a protein that lines the plasma membrane to mark the sites of exocytosis. 
E)  is a carrier specific for low-density lipoproteins.

Exam 5: Movement Across Membranes

Aquaporins are

The equation Ψ\PsiΨ = Ψ\PsiΨ π\piπ + Ψ\PsiΨ P represents

In animal cells, the Na+-K+ translocating ATPase

Which of the following statements about transport proteins is INCORRECT?

Which of these processes can be commonly associated with an ion being transported across a cell membrane?

Which of the following is NOT a membrane bound protein that can facilitate the faster transport of certain molecules across membranes?

Endocytosis involves

Diffusion is

Electrical impulses are conducted using

Osmosis refers to the

A graduate scientist is working with a cell culture that he has determined requires a particular nutrient at a rate faster than the cell can uptake it by simple or facilitated diffusion. How would the scientist deal with this cell culture in light of this requirement?

Two identical containers of water have the same dye added to each of them, but at different concentrations. Why does the dye diffuse through the solvent faster when added at a higher concentration?

Although chloride ions are hydrophilic, they can enter cells by diffusion through membrane proteins called

Primary active transport pumps ions against their electrochemical gradient. However, in secondary active transport

Which of the following set of conditions will create the highest water potential?

Aquaporins

When a solute is placed in water, the molecules spread until they are evenly spread. Which of the following statements about this movement of the molecules is INCORRECT?

If the electrical and concentration gradients draw ions in opposite directions, the direction of net passive movement depends on the

Active movement across a membrane usually involves

Clathrin

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The equation $\Psi$ = $\Psi$ $\pi$ + $\Psi$ P represents

In animal cells, the Na⁺-K⁺ translocating ATPase