Question 1

Thylakoid membranes contain protein complexes for

Accepted Answer

A)  the light-harvesting system. 
B)  the electron transport system. 
C)  the ATP synthesising system. 
D)  the absorption of photons for the transport of electrons across the membrane. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the light-harvesting system. 
B)  the electron transport system. 
C)  the ATP synthesising system. 
D)  the absorption of photons for the transport of electrons across the membrane. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. E

Question 2

Which of the following statements about Photosystems I and II in non-cyclic photosynthesis is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photosystem I passes high-energy electrons to NADPH whereas Photosystem II passes high-energy electrons to the cytochrome b/f complex. 
B)  Both photosystem I and photosystem II recycle oxidised NADP+ to NADPH. 
C)  The reaction centre of Photosystem I contains a pair of chlorophyll a molecules whereas the reaction centre of Photosystem II contains a pair of chlorophyll b molecules. 
D)  Photosystem I is located on granal lamellae whereas Photosystem II is located on stromal lamellae. 
E)  The light-absorbing pigments of Photosystem I absorb blue light whereas the light-absorbing pigments of Photosystem II absorb red light. 
A)  Photosystem I passes high-energy electrons to NADPH whereas Photosystem II passes high-energy electrons to the cytochrome b/f complex. 
B)  Both photosystem I and photosystem II recycle oxidised NADP+ to NADPH. 
C)  The reaction centre of Photosystem I contains a pair of chlorophyll a molecules whereas the reaction centre of Photosystem II contains a pair of chlorophyll b molecules. 
D)  Photosystem I is located on granal lamellae whereas Photosystem II is located on stromal lamellae. 
E)  The light-absorbing pigments of Photosystem I absorb blue light whereas the light-absorbing pigments of Photosystem II absorb red light. A

Question 3

If a C4 plant was exposed to radioactive CO2, which of the following compounds would be the first labelled by the radioactive carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malate. 
B)  Phosphoenolpyruvate. 
C)  Pyruvate. 
D)  Oxaloacetate. 
E)  Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate. 
A)  Malate. 
B)  Phosphoenolpyruvate. 
C)  Pyruvate. 
D)  Oxaloacetate. 
E)  Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate. D

Question 4

Chlorophyll is a pigment that shows strong absorption of

Accepted Answer

A)  red and blue light. 
B)  infra-red light. 
C)  green light only. 
D)  white light. 
E)  UV light. 
A)  red and blue light. 
B)  infra-red light. 
C)  green light only. 
D)  white light. 
E)  UV light.

Question 5

In aerobic respiration, the energy released from reduced electron carriers is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  catalyse the synthesis of ATP from ADP. 
B)  create a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
C)  restore NAD+ molecules for further use in the citric acid cycle. 
D)  oxidise NADH and FADH2. 
E)  move electrons along a chain of electron carriers to the final electron acceptor, oxygen. 
A)  catalyse the synthesis of ATP from ADP. 
B)  create a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
C)  restore NAD+ molecules for further use in the citric acid cycle. 
D)  oxidise NADH and FADH2. 
E)  move electrons along a chain of electron carriers to the final electron acceptor, oxygen.

Question 6

In alcoholic fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated when

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylated glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules. 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidised to pyruvate. 
C)  CO2 is split from pyruvate to generate acetaldehyde. 
D)  ethanol is oxidised to CO2. 
E)  acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol. 
A)  phosphorylated glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules. 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidised to pyruvate. 
C)  CO2 is split from pyruvate to generate acetaldehyde. 
D)  ethanol is oxidised to CO2. 
E)  acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol.

Question 7

In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Rubisco catalyses the

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of ATP. 
B)  formation of RuBP. 
C)  rearrangement of 2 PGAL into fructose and glucose. 
D)  fixing of CO2 to RuBP. 
E)  oxidation of NADPH. 
A)  synthesis of ATP. 
B)  formation of RuBP. 
C)  rearrangement of 2 PGAL into fructose and glucose. 
D)  fixing of CO2 to RuBP. 
E)  oxidation of NADPH.

Question 8

Which of the following statements in relation to fermentation is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fermentation only occurs when O2 is present. 
B)  Lactate and methanol are products of fermentation. 
C)  Fermentation consumes NADH and is independent of glycolysis. 
D)  During fermentation, glucose is converted into pyruvate. 
E)  All of the options listed here are incorrect. 
A)  Fermentation only occurs when O2 is present. 
B)  Lactate and methanol are products of fermentation. 
C)  Fermentation consumes NADH and is independent of glycolysis. 
D)  During fermentation, glucose is converted into pyruvate. 
E)  All of the options listed here are incorrect.

Question 9

A plant scientist is examining a transverse section of a leaf taken from a grass species growing in a tropical climate. He thinks he sees a tight wreath of cells with very thick walls surrounding the vascular tissue. What type of C-fixation anatomy would this specimen most likely have?

Accepted Answer

A)  C3 
B)  Reductive citric acid cycle 
C)  3-Hydroxypropionate cycle 
D)  C4 
E)  Crassulacean acid metabolism 
A)  C3 
B)  Reductive citric acid cycle 
C)  3-Hydroxypropionate cycle 
D)  C4 
E)  Crassulacean acid metabolism

Question 10

A C4 plant

Accepted Answer

A)  fixes CO2 to form oxaloacetate in mesophyll cells. 
B)  requires more energy for photosynthesis than a C3 plant. 
C)  usually has Kranz anatomy. 
D)  produces a 4-carbon organic acid as the first stable product of photosynthesis. 
E)  All of the answers are true. 
A)  fixes CO2 to form oxaloacetate in mesophyll cells. 
B)  requires more energy for photosynthesis than a C3 plant. 
C)  usually has Kranz anatomy. 
D)  produces a 4-carbon organic acid as the first stable product of photosynthesis. 
E)  All of the answers are true.

Question 11

In the metabolism of glucose, acetyl CoA is produced

Accepted Answer

A)  via alcoholic fermentation in anaerobic conditions. 
B)  by the addition of CO2 to pyruvate in the final step of glycolysis. 
C)  in the citric acid cycle, coupled with the production of ATP. 
D)  by the decarboxylation of lactate in aerobic respiration. 
E)  by the decarboxylation of pyruvate in mitochondria. 
A)  via alcoholic fermentation in anaerobic conditions. 
B)  by the addition of CO2 to pyruvate in the final step of glycolysis. 
C)  in the citric acid cycle, coupled with the production of ATP. 
D)  by the decarboxylation of lactate in aerobic respiration. 
E)  by the decarboxylation of pyruvate in mitochondria.

Question 12

Why are plants that use the CAM system of C-fixation more efficient at tolerating hot and dry climates?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have no stomata. Instead they use a slower but more water efficient system of CO2 diffusion across the epidermis for gas exchange. 
B)  They have evolved a system independent of phosphoenolpyruvate, the most water inefficient step in C3 and C4 C-fixation. 
C)  Their enzyme efficiency is optimal when the internal cellular environment is warmer and drier than other plants. 
D)  They only open their stomata at night, thus minimising transpiration loss. 
E)  The initial 3-carbon compound they produce in darkness is stored in the vacuole, before then being decarboxylated when light appears. 
A)  They have no stomata. Instead they use a slower but more water efficient system of CO2 diffusion across the epidermis for gas exchange. 
B)  They have evolved a system independent of phosphoenolpyruvate, the most water inefficient step in C3 and C4 C-fixation. 
C)  Their enzyme efficiency is optimal when the internal cellular environment is warmer and drier than other plants. 
D)  They only open their stomata at night, thus minimising transpiration loss. 
E)  The initial 3-carbon compound they produce in darkness is stored in the vacuole, before then being decarboxylated when light appears.

Question 13

When a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a photon, how is the energy generated transferred from the chlorophyll in the first instance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrons are transferred to neighbouring acceptor molecules via an electron chain 
B)  By generating ATP 
C)  By the synthesis of energy-rich carbohydrates 
D)  Via photosynthesis assistance molecules such as phycobilins and carotenoids 
E)  Excitation transfer 
A)  Electrons are transferred to neighbouring acceptor molecules via an electron chain 
B)  By generating ATP 
C)  By the synthesis of energy-rich carbohydrates 
D)  Via photosynthesis assistance molecules such as phycobilins and carotenoids 
E)  Excitation transfer

Question 14

CAM plants are like other types of C4 plants in that

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 fixation occurs mostly at night. 
B)  there is no Rubisco in the mesophyll cells. 
C)  the C4 pathway and Calvin-Benson cycle occur in the same cell. 
D)  CO2 for the Calvin-Benson cycle comes from the decarboxylation of malate. 
E)  they are able to carry out photorespiration in the light. 
A)  CO2 fixation occurs mostly at night. 
B)  there is no Rubisco in the mesophyll cells. 
C)  the C4 pathway and Calvin-Benson cycle occur in the same cell. 
D)  CO2 for the Calvin-Benson cycle comes from the decarboxylation of malate. 
E)  they are able to carry out photorespiration in the light.

Question 15

On balance, for every molecule of glucose processed, glycolysis produces

Accepted Answer

A)  two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NAD+. 
B)  two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH. 
C)  four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH. 
D)  four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NAD+. 
E)  only two molecules of NADH as the ATP produced is used in glycolysis. 
A)  two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NAD+. 
B)  two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH. 
C)  four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH. 
D)  four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NAD+. 
E)  only two molecules of NADH as the ATP produced is used in glycolysis.

Question 16

Most of the ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  ß-oxidation. 
E)  electron transport chain. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  ß-oxidation. 
E)  electron transport chain.

Question 17

Using only glycolysis, a cell is able to produce 2 ATP from one glucose molecule. When combined with oxidative respiration, how many ATP can a cell produce from one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  None, glycolysis and oxidative respiration are mechanisms to produce NAD+ 
B)  38 
C)  2 
D)  36 
E)  34 
A)  None, glycolysis and oxidative respiration are mechanisms to produce NAD+ 
B)  38 
C)  2 
D)  36 
E)  34

Question 18

Which of the following are NOT found in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma lamellae. 
B)  granum. 
C)  thylakoid tonoplast. 
D)  thylakoid membrane. 
E)  thylakoid lumen. 
A)  stroma lamellae. 
B)  granum. 
C)  thylakoid tonoplast. 
D)  thylakoid membrane. 
E)  thylakoid lumen.

Question 19

The metabolic pathway that involves the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate is called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the electron transport chain. 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  the citric acid cycle. 
E)  fermentation. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the electron transport chain. 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  the citric acid cycle. 
E)  fermentation.

Question 20

If 25 per cent of the photosystems in a chloroplast change from non-cyclic to cyclic photophosphorylation, this will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the rate of production of ATP and NADPH. 
B)  decrease the rate of production of ATP and NADPH. 
C)  increase ATP production relative to NADPH production. 
D)  increase NADP+ production relative to ATP production. 
E)  increase NADPH production relative to ATP production. 
A)  increase the rate of production of ATP and NADPH. 
B)  decrease the rate of production of ATP and NADPH. 
C)  increase ATP production relative to NADPH production. 
D)  increase NADP+ production relative to ATP production. 
E)  increase NADPH production relative to ATP production.

Exam 6: Harvesting Energy

Thylakoid membranes contain protein complexes for

Which of the following statements about Photosystems I and II in non-cyclic photosynthesis is CORRECT?

If a C4 plant was exposed to radioactive CO2, which of the following compounds would be the first labelled by the radioactive carbon?

Chlorophyll is a pigment that shows strong absorption of

In aerobic respiration, the energy released from reduced electron carriers is used to

In alcoholic fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated when

In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Rubisco catalyses the

Which of the following statements in relation to fermentation is INCORRECT?

A plant scientist is examining a transverse section of a leaf taken from a grass species growing in a tropical climate. He thinks he sees a tight wreath of cells with very thick walls surrounding the vascular tissue. What type of C-fixation anatomy would this specimen most likely have?

A C4 plant

In the metabolism of glucose, acetyl CoA is produced

Why are plants that use the CAM system of C-fixation more efficient at tolerating hot and dry climates?

When a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a photon, how is the energy generated transferred from the chlorophyll in the first instance?

CAM plants are like other types of C4 plants in that

On balance, for every molecule of glucose processed, glycolysis produces

Most of the ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration is produced by

Using only glycolysis, a cell is able to produce 2 ATP from one glucose molecule. When combined with oxidative respiration, how many ATP can a cell produce from one glucose molecule?

Which of the following are NOT found in chloroplasts?

The metabolic pathway that involves the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate is called

If 25 per cent of the photosystems in a chloroplast change from non-cyclic to cyclic photophosphorylation, this will

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If a C4 plant was exposed to radioactive CO₂, which of the following compounds would be the first labelled by the radioactive carbon?

In alcoholic fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated when

A C₄ plant

CAM plants are like other types of C₄ plants in that