Question 1

NAD+ and FAD are

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidised to NADH and FADH during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. 
B)  reduced to NADH and FADH by the electron transport system. 
C)  converted to NADH and FADH coupled to the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. 
D)  recycled from NADH and FADH by the electron transport system. 
E)  converted to NADH and FADH in reactions coupled to the synthesis of ATP. 
A)  oxidised to NADH and FADH during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. 
B)  reduced to NADH and FADH by the electron transport system. 
C)  converted to NADH and FADH coupled to the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. 
D)  recycled from NADH and FADH by the electron transport system. 
E)  converted to NADH and FADH in reactions coupled to the synthesis of ATP.

Question 2

Green and purple bacteria do not produce O2 because

Accepted Answer

A)  they lack chloroplasts. 
B)  the enzymes associated with light harvesting are on the plasma membrane. 
C)  they lack the enzymes for photosystem II. 
D)  they lack the cytochrome b/f complex which splits water. 
E)  they lack the enzymes for photosystem I. 
A)  they lack chloroplasts. 
B)  the enzymes associated with light harvesting are on the plasma membrane. 
C)  they lack the enzymes for photosystem II. 
D)  they lack the cytochrome b/f complex which splits water. 
E)  they lack the enzymes for photosystem I.

Question 3

Which of the following do not occur in both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  The generation of ATP 
B)  The ability to generate an electrochemical gradient across an inner membrane 
C)  The use of O2 to produce water 
D)  The transport of electrons by protein complexes 
E)  The ability to recycle reduced nucleotides 
A)  The generation of ATP 
B)  The ability to generate an electrochemical gradient across an inner membrane 
C)  The use of O2 to produce water 
D)  The transport of electrons by protein complexes 
E)  The ability to recycle reduced nucleotides

Question 4

The compound 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) destroys the proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. If isolated mitochondria are incubated in a solution of DNP, you would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  no reduced electron carriers to be produced. 
B)  no ATP to be generated. 
C)  no NADH to be oxidised. 
D)  extra ATP to be generated. 
E)  the mitochondria to switch to anaerobic fermentation. 
A)  no reduced electron carriers to be produced. 
B)  no ATP to be generated. 
C)  no NADH to be oxidised. 
D)  extra ATP to be generated. 
E)  the mitochondria to switch to anaerobic fermentation.

Question 5

Before lipids can be used in respiratory ATP production, they must first be converted to

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  acetyl CoA. 
D)  citric acid. 
E)  lactic acid. 
A)  pyruvate. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  acetyl CoA. 
D)  citric acid. 
E)  lactic acid.

Question 6

The primary function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce oxygen by removing electrons from water. 
B)  produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH. 
D)  activate rubisco for the synthesis of sucrose. 
E)  create an electron gradient that drives ATP synthesis. 
A)  produce oxygen by removing electrons from water. 
B)  produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH. 
D)  activate rubisco for the synthesis of sucrose. 
E)  create an electron gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Question 7

How do carotenoids and phycobilins assist in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  They bind to the chlorophyll and increase the surface area for photon absorption. 
B)  They absorb wavelengths of light not readily absorbed by chlorophyll. 
C)  They produce chemical energy and release solutes to rapidly open and close stomata. 
D)  They have a lower absorption efficiency but a higher tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, allowing the plant to continue some photosynthesis even under extremely harsh conditions. 
E)  Being structurally distinct from chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins do not compete with chlorophyll for the same limited enzyme capacity. 
A)  They bind to the chlorophyll and increase the surface area for photon absorption. 
B)  They absorb wavelengths of light not readily absorbed by chlorophyll. 
C)  They produce chemical energy and release solutes to rapidly open and close stomata. 
D)  They have a lower absorption efficiency but a higher tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, allowing the plant to continue some photosynthesis even under extremely harsh conditions. 
E)  Being structurally distinct from chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins do not compete with chlorophyll for the same limited enzyme capacity.

Question 8

The metabolic pathway that involves reduced electron carriers and cytochrome proteins associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane is called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  the electron transport system. 
E)  photosynthesis. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  the electron transport system. 
E)  photosynthesis.

Question 9

The electron carriers of the respiratory electron transport chain are

Accepted Answer

A)  embedded in the plasma membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotic cells. 
B)  embedded in the plasma membrane in all prokaryotic cells. 
C)  free in the cytoplasm of prokaryote cells. 
D)  absent in all prokaryotic cells. 
E)  embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotic cells. 
A)  embedded in the plasma membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotic cells. 
B)  embedded in the plasma membrane in all prokaryotic cells. 
C)  free in the cytoplasm of prokaryote cells. 
D)  absent in all prokaryotic cells. 
E)  embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotic cells.

Question 10

Fats are degraded by the process $\beta$-oxidation. What is the end product of this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  Glucose. 
C)  Acetyl-CoA. 
D)  Pyruvate. 
E)  Lactate. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  Glucose. 
C)  Acetyl-CoA. 
D)  Pyruvate. 
E)  Lactate.

Question 11

When the first autotrophic photosynthetic prokaryotes evolved, they metabolised CO2 and H2O by utilising energy from the sun. Based on your knowledge of photosynthesis and evolution, what would the end products of these early reactions have been?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyruvate 
B)  Sucrose, fructose and NAD+ 
C)  O2 and carbohydrates 
D)  ATP and H+ 
E)  Fatty acids 
A)  Pyruvate 
B)  Sucrose, fructose and NAD+ 
C)  O2 and carbohydrates 
D)  ATP and H+ 
E)  Fatty acids

Question 12

ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  are concentrated in the thylakoid spaces. 
B)  supply the energy to fix CO2 to produce sugars. 
C)  supply the energy to fix CO2 to produce Rubisco. 
D)  are used primarily for the general energy requirements of plant cells. 
E)  are produced in the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplast. 
A)  are concentrated in the thylakoid spaces. 
B)  supply the energy to fix CO2 to produce sugars. 
C)  supply the energy to fix CO2 to produce Rubisco. 
D)  are used primarily for the general energy requirements of plant cells. 
E)  are produced in the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplast.

Question 13

In photosynthetic eukaryotes the enzymes for carbon fixation are found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast stroma. 
B)  plasma membrane. 
C)  chloroplast grana. 
D)  stromal lamellae. 
E)  cytosol. 
A)  chloroplast stroma. 
B)  plasma membrane. 
C)  chloroplast grana. 
D)  stromal lamellae. 
E)  cytosol.

Question 14

During the light-dependent reactions in photosynthetic eukaryotes, the flow of electrons in non-cyclic phosphorylation is from

Accepted Answer

A)  PS II - cytochrome b/f complex - PS I - NADP+. 
B)  PS II - cytochrome b/f complex - NADP+ - PS I. 
C)  PS II - NADP+ - cytochrome b/f complex - PS I. 
D)  PS I - cytochrome b/f complex - PS II - NADP+. 
E)  PS I - cytochrome b/f complex - NADP+ - PS II. 
A)  PS II - cytochrome b/f complex - PS I - NADP+. 
B)  PS II - cytochrome b/f complex - NADP+ - PS I. 
C)  PS II - NADP+ - cytochrome b/f complex - PS I. 
D)  PS I - cytochrome b/f complex - PS II - NADP+. 
E)  PS I - cytochrome b/f complex - NADP+ - PS II.

Question 15

The flow of electrons in photosynthesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  PS II $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ PS I $\rightarrow$NADP+. 
B)  PS I $\rightarrow$ NADP+ $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$PS II$\rightarrow$ NADP+. 
C)  PS I $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ PS II $\rightarrow$NADP+. 
D)  cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ PS II $\rightarrow$ PS I $\rightarrow$NADP+. 
E)  PS II $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ NADP+ $\rightarrow$ PS I. 
A)  PS II $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ PS I $\rightarrow$NADP+. 
B)  PS I $\rightarrow$ NADP+ $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$PS II$\rightarrow$ NADP+. 
C)  PS I $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ PS II $\rightarrow$NADP+. 
D)  cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ PS II $\rightarrow$ PS I $\rightarrow$NADP+. 
E)  PS II $\rightarrow$ cytochrome b/f complex $\rightarrow$ NADP+ $\rightarrow$ PS I.

Question 16

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of the Calvin-Benson cycle by reducing the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide molecules fixed. 
B)  oxygen molecules released. 
C)  rubisco molecules synthesised. 
D)  ATP molecules synthesised. 
E)  NADPH molecules reduced. 
A)  carbon dioxide molecules fixed. 
B)  oxygen molecules released. 
C)  rubisco molecules synthesised. 
D)  ATP molecules synthesised. 
E)  NADPH molecules reduced.

Question 17

As in mitochondria, the protein complexes of the electron transport system of chloroplasts

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesise ATP from ADP and phosphate. 
B)  pass electrons to O2 as the final electron acceptor. 
C)  accept high-energy electrons from reduced electron carriers. 
D)  transport electrons to recycle NADPH to NADP+. 
E)  create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. 
A)  synthesise ATP from ADP and phosphate. 
B)  pass electrons to O2 as the final electron acceptor. 
C)  accept high-energy electrons from reduced electron carriers. 
D)  transport electrons to recycle NADPH to NADP+. 
E)  create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Question 18

A green plant is placed in an enclosed CO2-free atmosphere containing 21 per cent O2 in the light. The CO2 concentration remains zero. Which of the following statements about this plant is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plant is a C3 plant. 
B)  The primary carboxylating enzyme in the plant is Rubisco. 
C)  Photorespiration is undetectable. 
D)  The plant has very few grana in its mesophyll chloroplasts. 
E)  The plant is able to carry out photorespiration in the light. 
A)  The plant is a C3 plant. 
B)  The primary carboxylating enzyme in the plant is Rubisco. 
C)  Photorespiration is undetectable. 
D)  The plant has very few grana in its mesophyll chloroplasts. 
E)  The plant is able to carry out photorespiration in the light.

Question 19

Before entering the citric acid cycle, carbohydrates are processed by glycolysis while lipids are processed by ß-oxidation. Although different, both of these metabolic pathways result in the production of

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  acetyl CoA. 
E)  NAD+. 
A)  CO2. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  acetyl CoA. 
E)  NAD+.

Question 20

The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrial matrix during aerobic respiration. 
B)  intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. 
C)  cytosol during anaerobic respiration. 
D)  cytosol during aerobic respiration. 
E)  inner mitochondrial membrane during aerobic respiration. 
A)  mitochondrial matrix during aerobic respiration. 
B)  intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. 
C)  cytosol during anaerobic respiration. 
D)  cytosol during aerobic respiration. 
E)  inner mitochondrial membrane during aerobic respiration.

Exam 6: Harvesting Energy

NAD+ and FAD are

Green and purple bacteria do not produce O2 because

Which of the following do not occur in both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

The compound 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) destroys the proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. If isolated mitochondria are incubated in a solution of DNP, you would expect

Before lipids can be used in respiratory ATP production, they must first be converted to

The primary function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to

How do carotenoids and phycobilins assist in photosynthesis?

The metabolic pathway that involves reduced electron carriers and cytochrome proteins associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane is called

The electron carriers of the respiratory electron transport chain are

Fats are degraded by the process β\betaβ -oxidation. What is the end product of this process?

When the first autotrophic photosynthetic prokaryotes evolved, they metabolised CO2 and H2O by utilising energy from the sun. Based on your knowledge of photosynthesis and evolution, what would the end products of these early reactions have been?

ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

In photosynthetic eukaryotes the enzymes for carbon fixation are found in the

During the light-dependent reactions in photosynthetic eukaryotes, the flow of electrons in non-cyclic phosphorylation is from

The flow of electrons in photosynthesis is

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of the Calvin-Benson cycle by reducing the number of

As in mitochondria, the protein complexes of the electron transport system of chloroplasts

A green plant is placed in an enclosed CO2-free atmosphere containing 21 per cent O2 in the light. The CO2 concentration remains zero. Which of the following statements about this plant is true?

Before entering the citric acid cycle, carbohydrates are processed by glycolysis while lipids are processed by ß-oxidation. Although different, both of these metabolic pathways result in the production of

The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occurs in the

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NAD⁺ and FAD are

Green and purple bacteria do not produce O₂ because

Fats are degraded by the process $\beta$ -oxidation. What is the end product of this process?

When the first autotrophic photosynthetic prokaryotes evolved, they metabolised CO₂ and H₂O by utilising energy from the sun. Based on your knowledge of photosynthesis and evolution, what would the end products of these early reactions have been?

A green plant is placed in an enclosed CO₂-free atmosphere containing 21 per cent O₂ in the light. The CO₂ concentration remains zero. Which of the following statements about this plant is true?