Question 1

The glycemic index (GI) is

Accepted Answer

A)  high for brown rice. 
B)  low for brown multigrain bread. 
C)  high for chocolate and low for white bread. 
D)  a measure of blood glucose levels. 
E)  a measure of the amount of carbohydrates in food. 
A)  high for brown rice. 
B)  low for brown multigrain bread. 
C)  high for chocolate and low for white bread. 
D)  a measure of blood glucose levels. 
E)  a measure of the amount of carbohydrates in food. B

Question 2

Heterotrophs need

Accepted Answer

A)  a digestive system for processing and digesting food into small molecules for absorption. 
B)  predatory behaviour for the acquisition of organic compounds, which cannot be manufactured. 
C)  to acquire organic compounds, which cannot be manufactured. 
D)  to be motile to facilitate prey capture. 
E)  bacteria in the gut to produce enzymes that digest cellulose. 
A)  a digestive system for processing and digesting food into small molecules for absorption. 
B)  predatory behaviour for the acquisition of organic compounds, which cannot be manufactured. 
C)  to acquire organic compounds, which cannot be manufactured. 
D)  to be motile to facilitate prey capture. 
E)  bacteria in the gut to produce enzymes that digest cellulose. C

Question 3

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of fat we have depends only on what we eat and how much we exercise. 
B)  Obese people have lower metabolic rates than lean people. 
C)  Most of human fat comes from eating too much carbohydrate. 
D)  Weight is influenced by the interaction between our genes and the environment. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  The amount of fat we have depends only on what we eat and how much we exercise. 
B)  Obese people have lower metabolic rates than lean people. 
C)  Most of human fat comes from eating too much carbohydrate. 
D)  Weight is influenced by the interaction between our genes and the environment. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. D

Question 4

Which of the following animals CANNOT manufacture vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rodents and lemurs 
B)  Primates and fruit bats 
C)  Humans and rodents 
D)  Kangaroos and fruit bats 
E)  Marsupials and eutherian mammals 
A)  Rodents and lemurs 
B)  Primates and fruit bats 
C)  Humans and rodents 
D)  Kangaroos and fruit bats 
E)  Marsupials and eutherian mammals

Question 5

Insects were able to develop an enormous array of dietary specialisations due to the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  a coelom. 
B)  jaws and teeth. 
C)  chitinous mouthparts. 
D)  a closed circulatory system. 
E)  a muscular gut wall which enabled peristalsis. 
A)  a coelom. 
B)  jaws and teeth. 
C)  chitinous mouthparts. 
D)  a closed circulatory system. 
E)  a muscular gut wall which enabled peristalsis.

Question 6

Elaboration of the stomach is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores, because the stomach is the principal site for protein digestion. 
B)  folivores, because the leaves are the least-nutritious herbage and must therefore be stored for long periods of foregut fermentation. 
C)  birds, macropods and ruminants. 
D)  herbivores, such as rabbits, koalas and possums, because hindgut fermentation is very inefficient. 
A)  carnivores, because the stomach is the principal site for protein digestion. 
B)  folivores, because the leaves are the least-nutritious herbage and must therefore be stored for long periods of foregut fermentation. 
C)  birds, macropods and ruminants. 
D)  herbivores, such as rabbits, koalas and possums, because hindgut fermentation is very inefficient.

Question 7

Caecotropy (also known as coprophagy)

Accepted Answer

A)  allows digestion of the products of microbial fermentation. 
B)  is common in possums, rabbits and many small rodents. 
C)  is an adaptation to the high nutrient content and digestibility of meat, in the diets of carnivores. 
D)  is a behavioural maladaptation in all animals. 
E)  is the process by which koalas digest eucalyptus leaves. 
A)  allows digestion of the products of microbial fermentation. 
B)  is common in possums, rabbits and many small rodents. 
C)  is an adaptation to the high nutrient content and digestibility of meat, in the diets of carnivores. 
D)  is a behavioural maladaptation in all animals. 
E)  is the process by which koalas digest eucalyptus leaves.

Question 8

In humans, what is the highest contributing factor to an individual's weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food 
B)  Exercise 
C)  Metabolism 
D)  Gut flora 
E)  Genes 
A)  Food 
B)  Exercise 
C)  Metabolism 
D)  Gut flora 
E)  Genes

Question 9

Enzyme digestion

Accepted Answer

A)  is a coordinated, sequential breakdown of molecules by enzymes secreted by the small intestine. 
B)  is induced by the hormone cholecystokinin, released in the duodenum. 
C)  commences in the buccal cavity where salivary amylase is released continuously. 
D)  is stimulated by the secretion of the hormone gastrin which causes the release of pepsinogen from the stomach lining. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  is a coordinated, sequential breakdown of molecules by enzymes secreted by the small intestine. 
B)  is induced by the hormone cholecystokinin, released in the duodenum. 
C)  commences in the buccal cavity where salivary amylase is released continuously. 
D)  is stimulated by the secretion of the hormone gastrin which causes the release of pepsinogen from the stomach lining. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

A major difference between the nutritional needs of plants and animals is that

Accepted Answer

A)  animals need less sodium than plants. 
B)  plants cannot use inorganic nitrogen sources. 
C)  animals need less chlorine than plants. 
D)  animals require a greater variety of minerals than plants. 
E)  animals need organic nitrogen. 
A)  animals need less sodium than plants. 
B)  plants cannot use inorganic nitrogen sources. 
C)  animals need less chlorine than plants. 
D)  animals require a greater variety of minerals than plants. 
E)  animals need organic nitrogen.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about insulin is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is more insulin released in the body on a high-fat diet than a high-carbohydrate diet. 
B)  Fat storage increases with the more insulin released. 
C)  Eating chocolate bars rapidly decreases insulin levels. 
D)  The release of insulin is not influenced by what we eat. 
E)  The peptide ghrelin, produced in the stomach, induces the release of insulin by the pancreas. 
A)  There is more insulin released in the body on a high-fat diet than a high-carbohydrate diet. 
B)  Fat storage increases with the more insulin released. 
C)  Eating chocolate bars rapidly decreases insulin levels. 
D)  The release of insulin is not influenced by what we eat. 
E)  The peptide ghrelin, produced in the stomach, induces the release of insulin by the pancreas.

Question 12

Anaemia is may result from insufficient intake of the fat-soluble vitamin

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin A. 
B)  Vitamin D. 
C)  Vitamin E. 
D)  Vitamin K. 
E)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  Vitamin A. 
B)  Vitamin D. 
C)  Vitamin E. 
D)  Vitamin K. 
E)  None of these answers are correct.

Question 13

The mouse-elephant curve (which relates body mass and metabolic rates) demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  large animals require proportionally more energy than small ones. 
B)  large animals require proportionally less energy than small ones. 
C)  food intake is independent of body mass. 
D)  large animals have a proportionally larger surface area than small ones. 
E)  large animals require higher quality food. 
A)  large animals require proportionally more energy than small ones. 
B)  large animals require proportionally less energy than small ones. 
C)  food intake is independent of body mass. 
D)  large animals have a proportionally larger surface area than small ones. 
E)  large animals require higher quality food.

Question 14

In foregut fermentation

Accepted Answer

A)  the animal first digests any soluble sugars. 
B)  starches are extracted in the mouth. 
C)  sugars and starches are taken up by microbes. 
D)  proteins are absorbed from the stomach. 
E)  cellulose is degraded and the glucose released is absorbed in the stomach. 
A)  the animal first digests any soluble sugars. 
B)  starches are extracted in the mouth. 
C)  sugars and starches are taken up by microbes. 
D)  proteins are absorbed from the stomach. 
E)  cellulose is degraded and the glucose released is absorbed in the stomach.

Question 15

Plants are a major source of nutrients for many animals. Problems associated with using plants as a source of nutrients include

Accepted Answer

A)  the lipids of plants are mainly saturated. 
B)  the composition of many plants varies with the season. 
C)  the mineral content of many plants is very low. 
D)  the carbohydrate and protein content of plants is low. 
E)  many plants in the higher slopes of the Snowy Mountains have high sodium content. 
A)  the lipids of plants are mainly saturated. 
B)  the composition of many plants varies with the season. 
C)  the mineral content of many plants is very low. 
D)  the carbohydrate and protein content of plants is low. 
E)  many plants in the higher slopes of the Snowy Mountains have high sodium content.

Question 16

The stomach is protected from being digested by

Accepted Answer

A)  a layer of surface active phospholipids. 
B)  surfactants. 
C)  a layer of epidermal cells. 
D)  the ability to switch off acid production. 
E)  production of hydrogen carbonate ions which neutralise the acidity of the partly digested food. 
A)  a layer of surface active phospholipids. 
B)  surfactants. 
C)  a layer of epidermal cells. 
D)  the ability to switch off acid production. 
E)  production of hydrogen carbonate ions which neutralise the acidity of the partly digested food.

Question 17

Someone suffering from growth failure, impaired immune function, reproductive failure, scaly skin and inflammation should eat which food(s), high in which essential mineral nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liver, nuts, green leafy vegetables, eggs and whole grains, all high in Mg 
B)  Beans, nuts, seafood, dark chocolate and meat, all high in S 
C)  Whole grains, seafood, legumes or meat, all high in Zn 
D)  Dairy, legumes and green leafy vegetables, all high in I 
E)  Water, tea and coffee, all high in Cu 
A)  Liver, nuts, green leafy vegetables, eggs and whole grains, all high in Mg 
B)  Beans, nuts, seafood, dark chocolate and meat, all high in S 
C)  Whole grains, seafood, legumes or meat, all high in Zn 
D)  Dairy, legumes and green leafy vegetables, all high in I 
E)  Water, tea and coffee, all high in Cu

Question 18

Mass-specific food intake

Accepted Answer

A)  increases linearly as body mass declines. 
B)  is the same for all vertebrate groups but is variable in some invertebrate groups. 
C)  means that the daily energy requirement must necessarily increase with size. 
D)  may be related to types of diet that animals select; small animals can afford to increase search time for scarce but nutritious foods while large animals eat poor-quality bulk foods such as grasses. 
E)  shows that larger animals require quality food. 
A)  increases linearly as body mass declines. 
B)  is the same for all vertebrate groups but is variable in some invertebrate groups. 
C)  means that the daily energy requirement must necessarily increase with size. 
D)  may be related to types of diet that animals select; small animals can afford to increase search time for scarce but nutritious foods while large animals eat poor-quality bulk foods such as grasses. 
E)  shows that larger animals require quality food.

Question 19

Leptin is

Accepted Answer

A)  a peptide hormone mutations which cause obesity. 
B)  a steroid hormone produced when the body contains a large amount of fat and suppresses appetite. 
C)  a peptide hormone produced in the brain which directly reduces appetite. 
D)  a protein which directly controls appetite and is responsible for body weight. 
E)  a protein secreted by fat cells in proportion to body weight. 
A)  a peptide hormone mutations which cause obesity. 
B)  a steroid hormone produced when the body contains a large amount of fat and suppresses appetite. 
C)  a peptide hormone produced in the brain which directly reduces appetite. 
D)  a protein which directly controls appetite and is responsible for body weight. 
E)  a protein secreted by fat cells in proportion to body weight.

Question 20

A comparison of percentage dry matter indicates that generally

Accepted Answer

A)  fruits and the 'whole mammal' contain similar amounts of fat. 
B)  fruits contain more protein than foliage. 
C)  foliage contains less sugar/starch than 'whole mammal'. 
D)  grasses contain more tannins than foliage. 
E)  foliage contains more minerals than 'whole mammals'. 
A)  fruits and the 'whole mammal' contain similar amounts of fat. 
B)  fruits contain more protein than foliage. 
C)  foliage contains less sugar/starch than 'whole mammal'. 
D)  grasses contain more tannins than foliage. 
E)  foliage contains more minerals than 'whole mammals'.

Exam 26: Animal and Human Nutrition

The glycemic index (GI) is

Heterotrophs need

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following animals CANNOT manufacture vitamin C?

Insects were able to develop an enormous array of dietary specialisations due to the development of

Elaboration of the stomach is characteristic of

Caecotropy (also known as coprophagy)

In humans, what is the highest contributing factor to an individual's weight?

Enzyme digestion

A major difference between the nutritional needs of plants and animals is that

Which of the following statements about insulin is CORRECT?

Anaemia is may result from insufficient intake of the fat-soluble vitamin

The mouse-elephant curve (which relates body mass and metabolic rates) demonstrates that

In foregut fermentation

Plants are a major source of nutrients for many animals. Problems associated with using plants as a source of nutrients include

The stomach is protected from being digested by

Someone suffering from growth failure, impaired immune function, reproductive failure, scaly skin and inflammation should eat which food(s), high in which essential mineral nutrient?

Mass-specific food intake

Leptin is

A comparison of percentage dry matter indicates that generally

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters