Question 1

In sponges, the ostium is

Accepted Answer

A)  a pore in the external wall through which water is drawn for feeding. 
B)  the central cavity of the body. 
C)  the pore through which the water leaves the body. 
D)  the vacuole formed for food ingestion. 
E)  the structure for attachment to the surface. 
A)  a pore in the external wall through which water is drawn for feeding. 
B)  the central cavity of the body. 
C)  the pore through which the water leaves the body. 
D)  the vacuole formed for food ingestion. 
E)  the structure for attachment to the surface. A

Question 2

With the exception of cnidarians and nematodes, eumetazoans can be divided into the two groups: protostomes and deuterostomes. A feature NOT used to separate these groups is the

Accepted Answer

A)  fate of the blastopore in embryo development. 
B)  way the coelom forms in the embryo. 
C)  way the embryonic cells divide. 
D)  number of germ cell tissues. 
E)  the way the mesoderm slits. 
A)  fate of the blastopore in embryo development. 
B)  way the coelom forms in the embryo. 
C)  way the embryonic cells divide. 
D)  number of germ cell tissues. 
E)  the way the mesoderm slits. D

Question 3

Which animal does NOT belong to the phylum Cnidaria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sea star 
B)  Coral 
C)  Sea wasp 
D)  Jellyfish 
E)  Sea anemone 
A)  Sea star 
B)  Coral 
C)  Sea wasp 
D)  Jellyfish 
E)  Sea anemone A

Question 4

What gene family is thought to be responsible for the evolution of different body plans due to their temporal and spatial expression in embryos?

Accepted Answer

A)  bHLH 
B)  Hox 
C)  Myb 
D)  Wrky 
E)  Myc 
A)  bHLH 
B)  Hox 
C)  Myb 
D)  Wrky 
E)  Myc

Question 5

In Platyhelminths differ from cnidarian

Accepted Answer

A)  since cnidarians have only two cell layers. 
B)  because Platyhelminths have a mesoderm which leads to organ formation. 
C)  because cnidarians have a skeleton of calcium carbonate. 
D)  as Platyhelminths have an excretory system which opens into the archenteron adjacent to the mouth. 
E)  since platyhelminths are parasites of vertebrates. 
A)  since cnidarians have only two cell layers. 
B)  because Platyhelminths have a mesoderm which leads to organ formation. 
C)  because cnidarians have a skeleton of calcium carbonate. 
D)  as Platyhelminths have an excretory system which opens into the archenteron adjacent to the mouth. 
E)  since platyhelminths are parasites of vertebrates.

Question 6

The skeleton of a sponge may be composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  spongin fibres. 
B)  calcium carbonate spicules. 
C)  silica spicules. 
D)  collagen fibres. 
E)  All of answers are correct. 
A)  spongin fibres. 
B)  calcium carbonate spicules. 
C)  silica spicules. 
D)  collagen fibres. 
E)  All of answers are correct.

Question 7

The phylogenetic tree of animals shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  Sponges, Phylum Protozoa, are the earliest lineage. 
B)  Eumetazoans are radially symmetrical. 
C)  Eumetazoans diverged with one branch becoming protostomes and the other becoming deuterostomes. 
D)  Protostomes and deuterostomes are distinguished by whether the blastopore becomes the mouth or the anus. 
E)  The subkingdom Eumetazoa are divided into protostomes and deuterostomes 
A)  Sponges, Phylum Protozoa, are the earliest lineage. 
B)  Eumetazoans are radially symmetrical. 
C)  Eumetazoans diverged with one branch becoming protostomes and the other becoming deuterostomes. 
D)  Protostomes and deuterostomes are distinguished by whether the blastopore becomes the mouth or the anus. 
E)  The subkingdom Eumetazoa are divided into protostomes and deuterostomes

Question 8

Which animal phylum is NOT a member of the subkingdom Eumetazoa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nemertea 
B)  Cnidaria 
C)  Porifera 
D)  Platyhelminthes 
E)  All these phyla belong to the Eumetazoa 
A)  Nemertea 
B)  Cnidaria 
C)  Porifera 
D)  Platyhelminthes 
E)  All these phyla belong to the Eumetazoa

Question 9

Which of the following organisms does NOT have bilateral symmetry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Box jellyfish 
B)  Flat worm 
C)  Slug 
D)  Star fish 
E)  Proboscis worm 
A)  Box jellyfish 
B)  Flat worm 
C)  Slug 
D)  Star fish 
E)  Proboscis worm

Question 10

An important feature of most corals (Class Anthozoa) not widely found among other cnidarians is

Accepted Answer

A)  a free-swimming larval stage. 
B)  their ability to live in freshwater and marine habitats. 
C)  a colonial habit. 
D)  the presence of symbiotic algae in their tissue. 
E)  sexual reproduction usually involves external fertilisation. 
A)  a free-swimming larval stage. 
B)  their ability to live in freshwater and marine habitats. 
C)  a colonial habit. 
D)  the presence of symbiotic algae in their tissue. 
E)  sexual reproduction usually involves external fertilisation.

Question 11

Reproduction in flatworms occurs by

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-fertilisation. 
B)  parthenogenesis. 
C)  self-fertilisation. 
D)  cross-fertilisation and parthenogenesis. 
E)  cross-fertilisation, self-fertilisation and parthenogenesis. 
A)  cross-fertilisation. 
B)  parthenogenesis. 
C)  self-fertilisation. 
D)  cross-fertilisation and parthenogenesis. 
E)  cross-fertilisation, self-fertilisation and parthenogenesis.

Question 12

The difference between monogeneans and digeneans is that monogeneans

Accepted Answer

A)  are monoecious. 
B)  are endoparasites. 
C)  have one host. 
D)  are ectoparasites. 
E)  have proglottids. 
A)  are monoecious. 
B)  are endoparasites. 
C)  have one host. 
D)  are ectoparasites. 
E)  have proglottids.

Question 13

An independent, free-swimming, young medusa produced by the scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an ephyra. 
B)  an actinula. 
C)  a planula. 
D)  a scyphistoma. 
E)  a strobila. 
A)  an ephyra. 
B)  an actinula. 
C)  a planula. 
D)  a scyphistoma. 
E)  a strobila.

Question 14

In cnidarians, the mouth is borne on the

Accepted Answer

A)  manubrium. 
B)  gastrodermis. 
C)  hypostome. 
D)  manubrium and gastrodermis. 
E)  manubrium and hypostome. 
A)  manubrium. 
B)  gastrodermis. 
C)  hypostome. 
D)  manubrium and gastrodermis. 
E)  manubrium and hypostome.

Question 15

In the Porifera, which cellular layer is equivalent to the epithelium of other animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Choanocerm 
B)  Pinacoderm 
C)  Mesophyl 
D)  Porocylum 
E)  Amoeboderm 
A)  Choanocerm 
B)  Pinacoderm 
C)  Mesophyl 
D)  Porocylum 
E)  Amoeboderm

Question 16

Fossil evidence about the origins of metazoans suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  multicellularity arose about 600 million years ago. 
B)  multicellularity arose independently on several different continents. 
C)  early multicellular animals arose from protozoa fusing to form flat worm-like animals. 
D)  metazoans evolved first in the Ediacara Hills of South Australia. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  multicellularity arose about 600 million years ago. 
B)  multicellularity arose independently on several different continents. 
C)  early multicellular animals arose from protozoa fusing to form flat worm-like animals. 
D)  metazoans evolved first in the Ediacara Hills of South Australia. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Animal phyla that show protostome development include

Accepted Answer

A)  Arthropoda, Annelida and Platyhelminthes. 
B)  Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda and Echinodermata. 
C)  Annelida, Mollusca and Chordata. 
D)  Mollusca, Annelida, Cordata. 
E)  Echinodermata, Mollusca and Platyhelminthes. 
A)  Arthropoda, Annelida and Platyhelminthes. 
B)  Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda and Echinodermata. 
C)  Annelida, Mollusca and Chordata. 
D)  Mollusca, Annelida, Cordata. 
E)  Echinodermata, Mollusca and Platyhelminthes.

Question 18

Which statement is an accurate description of metazoans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metazoans are unicellular. 
B)  Metazoans develop from an embryo. 
C)  Metazoans do not develop a zygote. 
D)  Metazoans produce gametes by mitosis. 
E)  Metazoans never reproduce asexually. 
A)  Metazoans are unicellular. 
B)  Metazoans develop from an embryo. 
C)  Metazoans do not develop a zygote. 
D)  Metazoans produce gametes by mitosis. 
E)  Metazoans never reproduce asexually.

Question 19

Ctenophores

Accepted Answer

A)  most lack nematocysts. 
B)  have transparent sac-like bodies. 
C)  have ciliary plates made up of fused cilia. 
D)  contain a conspicuous structure, the statocyst, which is a balance organ. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  most lack nematocysts. 
B)  have transparent sac-like bodies. 
C)  have ciliary plates made up of fused cilia. 
D)  contain a conspicuous structure, the statocyst, which is a balance organ. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

A molecular biologist mutates and silences an unknown gene in a species of turbellarian. The resulting organism appears morphologically the same as the wild-type, but is unable to adhere securely to surfaces. What might this unknown gene have been responsible for the development of?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclosporins 
B)  Feet 
C)  Lower mucilage 
D)  Ventral epithelia 
E)  Rhabdites 
A)  Cyclosporins 
B)  Feet 
C)  Lower mucilage 
D)  Ventral epithelia 
E)  Rhabdites

Exam 39: Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

In sponges, the ostium is

With the exception of cnidarians and nematodes, eumetazoans can be divided into the two groups: protostomes and deuterostomes. A feature NOT used to separate these groups is the

Which animal does NOT belong to the phylum Cnidaria?

What gene family is thought to be responsible for the evolution of different body plans due to their temporal and spatial expression in embryos?

In Platyhelminths differ from cnidarian

The skeleton of a sponge may be composed of

The phylogenetic tree of animals shows that

Which animal phylum is NOT a member of the subkingdom Eumetazoa?

Which of the following organisms does NOT have bilateral symmetry?

An important feature of most corals (Class Anthozoa) not widely found among other cnidarians is

Reproduction in flatworms occurs by

The difference between monogeneans and digeneans is that monogeneans

An independent, free-swimming, young medusa produced by the scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia is called

In cnidarians, the mouth is borne on the

In the Porifera, which cellular layer is equivalent to the epithelium of other animals?

Fossil evidence about the origins of metazoans suggests that

Animal phyla that show protostome development include

Which statement is an accurate description of metazoans?

Ctenophores

A molecular biologist mutates and silences an unknown gene in a species of turbellarian. The resulting organism appears morphologically the same as the wild-type, but is unable to adhere securely to surfaces. What might this unknown gene have been responsible for the development of?

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters