Question 1

Explain the metabolic effects of corticosteroid drugs.​

Accepted Answer

corticosteroid drugs are often prescribe

Question 2

A 25-year-old woman is critically ill after surviving a motor vehicle accident. The patient is 5'4" and weighs 120 pounds. This patient's energy needs would require how many kcalories for energy?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​15-20 kcal/kg body weight per day 
B)  ​22-25 kcal/kg body weight per day 
C)  ​25-30 kcal/kg body weight per day 
D)  ​30-35 kcal/kg body weight per day 
E)  ​38-40 kcal/kg body weight per day 
A)  ​15-20 kcal/kg body weight per day 
B)  ​22-25 kcal/kg body weight per day 
C)  ​25-30 kcal/kg body weight per day 
D)  ​30-35 kcal/kg body weight per day 
E)  ​38-40 kcal/kg body weight per day

Question 3

Matching​
-​hypoxia

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 4

Kati is a 19-year-old female who suffered a head injury and multiple broken bones in a motorcycle accident. She is currently in a coma, on a mechanical ventilator, and receiving enteral nutrition. Kati is 5'2" tall and weighs 115 pounds.
​
-To decrease the risk of infection, it will be important to keep Kati's _____ under control while she is recovering.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​serum albumin 
B)  ​blood glucose 
C)  ​blood pressure 
D)  ​serum prealbumin 
E)  ​nitrogen 
A)  ​serum albumin 
B)  ​blood glucose 
C)  ​blood pressure 
D)  ​serum prealbumin 
E)  ​nitrogen

Question 5

Matching​
-​sepsis

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 6

Matching​
-​dyspnea

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 7

Severe hypercapnia associated with respiratory failure can cause _____, which interferes with normal functioning of the central nervous system.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sepsis 
B)  ​SIRS 
C)  ​cardiac failure 
D)  ​COPD 
E)  ​acidosis 
A)  ​sepsis 
B)  ​SIRS 
C)  ​cardiac failure 
D)  ​COPD 
E)  ​acidosis

Question 8

Matching​
-​indirect calorimetry

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 9

Matching​
-​chronic bronchitis

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 10

A patient who has developed MODS would most likely demonstrate what signs or symptoms associated with liver failure?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Abnormal bleeding 
B)  ​Sepsis 
C)  ​Altered metabolic processes 
D)  ​Impaired gas exchange 
E)  ​Low blood pressure 
A)  ​Abnormal bleeding 
B)  ​Sepsis 
C)  ​Altered metabolic processes 
D)  ​Impaired gas exchange 
E)  ​Low blood pressure

Question 11

Matching​
-​refeeding syndrome

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 12

Kati is a 19-year-old female who suffered a head injury and multiple broken bones in a motorcycle accident. She is currently in a coma, on a mechanical ventilator, and receiving enteral nutrition. Kati is 5'2" tall and weighs 115 pounds.
​
-If Kati's enteral feeding is not providing adequate energy and protein to meet her nutritional needs, she will experience _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a loss of lean tissue 
B)  ​hyperglycemia 
C)  ​pulmonary edema 
D)  ​sepsis 
E)  ​organ failure 
A)  ​a loss of lean tissue 
B)  ​hyperglycemia 
C)  ​pulmonary edema 
D)  ​sepsis 
E)  ​organ failure

Question 13

The protein needs of a non-obese critically ill patient would be _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​0.8-1.0 g/kg body weight per day 
B)  ​1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight per day 
C)  ​1.2-2.0 g/kg body weight per day 
D)  ​2.0-2.5 g/kg body weight per day 
E)  ​2.5-3.0 g/kg body weight per day 
A)  ​0.8-1.0 g/kg body weight per day 
B)  ​1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight per day 
C)  ​1.2-2.0 g/kg body weight per day 
D)  ​2.0-2.5 g/kg body weight per day 
E)  ​2.5-3.0 g/kg body weight per day

Question 14

Protein synthesis is inhibited by _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cortisol 
B)  ​eicosanoids 
C)  ​mast cells 
D)  ​phagocytes 
E)  ​aldosterone 
A)  ​cortisol 
B)  ​eicosanoids 
C)  ​mast cells 
D)  ​phagocytes 
E)  ​aldosterone

Question 15

Matching​
-​mast cells

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 16

Weight loss and wasting are common in the advanced stages of COPD and may result from hypermetabolism, poor food intake, and the actions of various inflammatory proteins.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

​The increase in basal metabolic rate as a part of the stress response can be attributed to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​catecholamines 
B)  ​cortisol 
C)  ​eicosanoids 
D)  ​cytokines 
E)  ​hepcidin 
A)  ​catecholamines 
B)  ​cortisol 
C)  ​eicosanoids 
D)  ​cytokines 
E)  ​hepcidin

Question 18

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Matching​
-​emphysema

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 20

What compound is produced by white blood cells and participates in the inflammatory process?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​glucagon 
B)  ​catecholamines 
C)  ​cytokines 
D)  ​cortisol 
E)  ​aldosterone 
A)  ​glucagon 
B)  ​catecholamines 
C)  ​cytokines 
D)  ​cortisol 
E)  ​aldosterone

Exam 16: Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Explain the metabolic effects of corticosteroid drugs.​

A 25-year-old woman is critically ill after surviving a motor vehicle accident. The patient is 5'4" and weighs 120 pounds. This patient's energy needs would require how many kcalories for energy?​

Matching​ -​hypoxia

Matching​ -​sepsis

Matching​ -​dyspnea

Severe hypercapnia associated with respiratory failure can cause _____, which interferes with normal functioning of the central nervous system.​

Matching​ -​indirect calorimetry

Matching​ -​chronic bronchitis

A patient who has developed MODS would most likely demonstrate what signs or symptoms associated with liver failure?​

Matching​ -​refeeding syndrome

The protein needs of a non-obese critically ill patient would be _____.​

Protein synthesis is inhibited by _____.​

Matching​ -​mast cells

Weight loss and wasting are common in the advanced stages of COPD and may result from hypermetabolism, poor food intake, and the actions of various inflammatory proteins.​

​The increase in basal metabolic rate as a part of the stress response can be attributed to _____.

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.​

Matching​ -​emphysema

What compound is produced by white blood cells and participates in the inflammatory process?​

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Explain the metabolic effects of corticosteroid drugs.

A 25-year-old woman is critically ill after surviving a motor vehicle accident. The patient is 5'4" and weighs 120 pounds. This patient's energy needs would require how many kcalories for energy?

Matching -hypoxia

Matching -sepsis

Matching -dyspnea

Severe hypercapnia associated with respiratory failure can cause _____, which interferes with normal functioning of the central nervous system.

Matching -indirect calorimetry

Matching -chronic bronchitis

A patient who has developed MODS would most likely demonstrate what signs or symptoms associated with liver failure?

Matching -refeeding syndrome

The protein needs of a non-obese critically ill patient would be _____.

Protein synthesis is inhibited by _____.

Matching -mast cells

Weight loss and wasting are common in the advanced stages of COPD and may result from hypermetabolism, poor food intake, and the actions of various inflammatory proteins.

The increase in basal metabolic rate as a part of the stress response can be attributed to _____.

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.

Matching -emphysema

What compound is produced by white blood cells and participates in the inflammatory process?