Exam 19: Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse. ​ -Many nutrients are adversely affected by heavy drinking. The doctor cautions Brian to take a multivitamin-mineral supplement and to be aware that heavy drinking can reduce absorption of _____. ​

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -hepatitis​

The beneficial effects of moderate alcohol intake are mainly seen in _____. ​

The hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery together supply approximately _____ mL of blood each minute to the extensive network of vessels in the liver.​

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse. ​ -Because of his heavy drinking, Brian is at highest risk of what condition?​

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -​paracentesis

​Explain how chronic alcohol use can affect brain function.

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -alcoholic liver disease

A client with cirrhosis who develops changes in personality and motor function may be exhibiting early symptoms of _____.​

What best describes a clinical effect of liver cirrhosis?​

Furosemide is what type of drug that may be used to treat the symptoms of cirrhosis?​

The blood vessels that carry nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver are called collaterals.​

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds. ​ -The dietitian assesses Mr. Jamison's protein needs based on an appropriate weight for his height and estimates that he requires _____ grams of protein per day.​

​People with malnutrition may experience fatty liver.

Describe why ascites, portal hypertension, and esophageal varices occur in clients with cirrhosis.​

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds. ​ -What laboratory test would most likely be elevated in Mr. Jamison?​

The nurse is working with a patient who has liver cirrhosis and who is malnourished. What describes the most appropriate type of nutrition support for this client?​

Persons using potassium-sparing diuretics should be cautioned about consuming _____. ​

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse. ​ -Most alcohol metabolism takes place in the _____.​

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -​sinusoids