Question 1

When selecting a vitamin-mineral supplement, choose one in which the nutrient levels are:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​at or very close to the RDA. 
B)  ​all the same. 
C)  ​at least 200 percent of the RDA. 
D)  ​at least 300 percent of the RDA. 
E)  ​at "therapeutic doses." 
A)  ​at or very close to the RDA. 
B)  ​all the same. 
C)  ​at least 200 percent of the RDA. 
D)  ​at least 300 percent of the RDA. 
E)  ​at "therapeutic doses." A

Question 2

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​zinc deficiency. 
B)  ​selenium deficiency. 
C)  ​iron deficiency. 
D)  ​iodine deficiency. 
E)  ​magnesium deficiency. 
A)  ​zinc deficiency. 
B)  ​selenium deficiency. 
C)  ​iron deficiency. 
D)  ​iodine deficiency. 
E)  ​magnesium deficiency. C

Question 3

Describe the body's mechanism for regulating water excretion.​

Accepted Answer

Water excretion is regulated by the brain and kidneys. The hypothalamus of the brain monitors blood salt levels and stimulates the pituitary gland to release ADH when blood salt levels are too high, or blood volume/pressure is too low. ADH stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excreting it.

Question 4

Matching
-​dehydration

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances. 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances.

Question 5

The leading cause of accidental ingestion fatalities among children is an overdose of:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​iron. 
B)  ​vitamin D. 
C)  ​zinc. 
D)  ​niacin. 
E)  ​vitamin C. 
A)  ​iron. 
B)  ​vitamin D. 
C)  ​zinc. 
D)  ​niacin. 
E)  ​vitamin C.

Question 6

A person who is severely lacking in which of the following may experience a sulfur deficiency?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​carbohydrate 
B)  ​fatty acids 
C)  ​protein 
D)  ​vitamins 
E)  ​sodium 
A)  ​carbohydrate 
B)  ​fatty acids 
C)  ​protein 
D)  ​vitamins 
E)  ​sodium

Question 7

Matching
-extracellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances. 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances.

Question 8

​Which of the following provides the least amount of potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​orange juice 
B)  ​bananas 
C)  ​potatoes 
D)  ​broccoli 
E)  ​cheese 
A)  ​orange juice 
B)  ​bananas 
C)  ​potatoes 
D)  ​broccoli 
E)  ​cheese

Question 9

Which of the following organ systems plays the primary role in maintaining acid-base balance?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lungs 
B)  ​skin 
C)  ​GI tract 
D)  ​kidneys 
E)  ​lymphatic 
A)  ​lungs 
B)  ​skin 
C)  ​GI tract 
D)  ​kidneys 
E)  ​lymphatic

Question 10

A diabetes-like condition may develop when which of the following is lacking in the diet?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​iron 
B)  ​zinc 
C)  ​chromium 
D)  ​molybdenum 
E)  ​selenium 
A)  ​iron 
B)  ​zinc 
C)  ​chromium 
D)  ​molybdenum 
E)  ​selenium

Question 11

Which mineral is a principal component of cell membranes?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​iron 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​iodine 
E)  ​magnesium 
A)  ​iron 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​iodine 
E)  ​magnesium

Question 12

In which of the following is water the least involved?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​regulating body temperature.​ 
B)  ​converting lipids to amino acids. 
C)  ​serving as a solvent for minerals and vitamins. 
D)  ​acting as a lubricant around joints. 
E)  ​maintaining blood volume 
A)  ​regulating body temperature.​ 
B)  ​converting lipids to amino acids. 
C)  ​serving as a solvent for minerals and vitamins. 
D)  ​acting as a lubricant around joints. 
E)  ​maintaining blood volume

Question 13

Iron is a component of which of the following proteins, responsible for transport of oxygen in the bloodstream?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​myoglobin 
B)  ​transferrin 
C)  ​hemosiderin 
D)  ​hepcidin 
E)  ​hemoglobin 
A)  ​myoglobin 
B)  ​transferrin 
C)  ​hemosiderin 
D)  ​hepcidin 
E)  ​hemoglobin

Question 14

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cancer. 
B)  diabetes.​ 
C)  ​dental decay. 
D)  ​heart disease. 
E)  ​goiter. 
A)  ​cancer. 
B)  diabetes.​ 
C)  ​dental decay. 
D)  ​heart disease. 
E)  ​goiter.

Question 15

When blood calcium falls too low, a regulatory system acts in three locations to raise it. Which of the following is one of those locations?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​stomach 
B)  ​heart 
C)  ​lungs 
D)  ​kidneys 
E)  ​brain 
A)  ​stomach 
B)  ​heart 
C)  ​lungs 
D)  ​kidneys 
E)  ​brain

Question 16

Which of the following situations would be least likely to necessitate intake of nutrient supplements in amounts consistent with the RDA?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​when your energy intake is low 
B)  ​​when you are a vegan 
C)  ​when you have an illness that takes away your appetite 
D)  ​when you depend primarily on grocery-store foods 
E)  ​when you are pregnant 
A)  ​when your energy intake is low 
B)  ​​when you are a vegan 
C)  ​when you have an illness that takes away your appetite 
D)  ​when you depend primarily on grocery-store foods 
E)  ​when you are pregnant

Question 17

Which of the following would be least likely to increase blood calcium levels?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​increased absorption of calcium in the intestine. 
B)  ​retention of calcium by the kidneys. 
C)  ​release of calcium from the bones. 
D)  ​manufacture of calcium from albumin. 
E)  ​increased intake of calcium in the diet. 
A)  ​increased absorption of calcium in the intestine. 
B)  ​retention of calcium by the kidneys. 
C)  ​release of calcium from the bones. 
D)  ​manufacture of calcium from albumin. 
E)  ​increased intake of calcium in the diet.

Question 18

A person must have water in his or her diet:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​because the kidneys exert no control over the amount of water excreted in the urine. 
B)  ​to prevent vitamin imbalances in the body. 
C)  ​because the kidneys must excrete a minimum amount of water as urine to rid the body of wastes. 
D)  ​in order to prevent water intoxication. 
E)  ​in order to take in minerals. 
A)  ​because the kidneys exert no control over the amount of water excreted in the urine. 
B)  ​to prevent vitamin imbalances in the body. 
C)  ​because the kidneys must excrete a minimum amount of water as urine to rid the body of wastes. 
D)  ​in order to prevent water intoxication. 
E)  ​in order to take in minerals.

Question 19

The best way to ensure an adequate intake of trace minerals is to:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​eat foods containing the major minerals. 
B)  ​make sure your diet is sufficient in vitamins. 
C)  ​consume a variety of foods. 
D)  ​practice dietary adequacy. 
E)  ​consume supplements. 
A)  ​eat foods containing the major minerals. 
B)  ​make sure your diet is sufficient in vitamins. 
C)  ​consume a variety of foods. 
D)  ​practice dietary adequacy. 
E)  ​consume supplements.

Question 20

The percentage of dietary iron normally absorbed is about:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​10-15%. 
B)  ​25-50%. 
C)  ​35-65%. 
D)  ​70-80% 
E)  ​90-100%. 
A)  ​10-15%. 
B)  ​25-50%. 
C)  ​35-65%. 
D)  ​70-80% 
E)  ​90-100%.

Exam 9: Water and the Minerals

When selecting a vitamin-mineral supplement, choose one in which the nutrient levels are:​

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is:​

Describe the body's mechanism for regulating water excretion.​

Matching -​dehydration

The leading cause of accidental ingestion fatalities among children is an overdose of:​

A person who is severely lacking in which of the following may experience a sulfur deficiency?​

Matching -extracellular fluid

​Which of the following provides the least amount of potassium?

Which of the following organ systems plays the primary role in maintaining acid-base balance?​

A diabetes-like condition may develop when which of the following is lacking in the diet?​

Which mineral is a principal component of cell membranes?​

In which of the following is water the least involved?​

Iron is a component of which of the following proteins, responsible for transport of oxygen in the bloodstream?​

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing:​

When blood calcium falls too low, a regulatory system acts in three locations to raise it. Which of the following is one of those locations?​

Which of the following situations would be least likely to necessitate intake of nutrient supplements in amounts consistent with the RDA?​

Which of the following would be least likely to increase blood calcium levels?​

A person must have water in his or her diet:​

The best way to ensure an adequate intake of trace minerals is to:​

The percentage of dietary iron normally absorbed is about:​

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

When selecting a vitamin-mineral supplement, choose one in which the nutrient levels are:

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is:

Describe the body's mechanism for regulating water excretion.

Matching -dehydration

The leading cause of accidental ingestion fatalities among children is an overdose of:

A person who is severely lacking in which of the following may experience a sulfur deficiency?

Which of the following provides the least amount of potassium?

Which of the following organ systems plays the primary role in maintaining acid-base balance?

A diabetes-like condition may develop when which of the following is lacking in the diet?

Which mineral is a principal component of cell membranes?

In which of the following is water the least involved?

Iron is a component of which of the following proteins, responsible for transport of oxygen in the bloodstream?

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing:

When blood calcium falls too low, a regulatory system acts in three locations to raise it. Which of the following is one of those locations?

Which of the following situations would be least likely to necessitate intake of nutrient supplements in amounts consistent with the RDA?

Which of the following would be least likely to increase blood calcium levels?

A person must have water in his or her diet:

The best way to ensure an adequate intake of trace minerals is to:

The percentage of dietary iron normally absorbed is about: