Question 1

Matching
-hypertension

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances. 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances.

Question 2

Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​blood clotting 
B)  ​muscle contractions 
C)  ​transmission of nerve impulses 
D)  ​secretion of hormones 
E)  ​transport of oxygen in the blood 
A)  ​blood clotting 
B)  ​muscle contractions 
C)  ​transmission of nerve impulses 
D)  ​secretion of hormones 
E)  ​transport of oxygen in the blood

Question 3

Which of these foods are richest in potassium?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fresh fruits and vegetables 
B)  ​milk and dairy products 
C)  ​meats and meat substitutes 
D)  ​bread and cereals 
E)  ​fatty fish 
A)  ​fresh fruits and vegetables 
B)  ​milk and dairy products 
C)  ​meats and meat substitutes 
D)  ​bread and cereals 
E)  ​fatty fish

Question 4

In the U.S., low iron intake is often associated with:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​high sugar and fat intakes. 
B)  ​high protein intake. 
C)  ​low carbohydrate intake. 
D)  ​low intake of fruits and vegetables. 
E)  ​pregnancy. 
A)  ​high sugar and fat intakes. 
B)  ​high protein intake. 
C)  ​low carbohydrate intake. 
D)  ​low intake of fruits and vegetables. 
E)  ​pregnancy.

Question 5

​The primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​chlorine. 
B)  ​sodium. 
C)  ​magnesium. 
D)  ​potassium. 
E)  ​calcium. 
A)  ​chlorine. 
B)  ​sodium. 
C)  ​magnesium. 
D)  ​potassium. 
E)  ​calcium.

Question 6

Of the following, the mineral that is least likely to be deficient in anyone's diet is:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​calcium. 
B)  ​phosphorus. 
C)  ​iron. 
D)  ​iodine. 
E)  ​sodium. 
A)  ​calcium. 
B)  ​phosphorus. 
C)  ​iron. 
D)  ​iodine. 
E)  ​sodium.

Question 7

How does fluoride exert a caries-reducing effect?​

Accepted Answer

When bones and teeth become mineralized,

Question 8

In many people, chronic high intakes of which of the following can raise blood pressure?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​potassium 
C)  ​calcium 
D)  ​phosphorus 
E)  ​zinc 
A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​potassium 
C)  ​calcium 
D)  ​phosphorus 
E)  ​zinc

Question 9

Which of the following is the least likely reason that osteoporosis is more prevalent in women?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Women consume less calcium. 
B)  ​Women have lower bone mass. 
C)  ​Women have smaller bodies. 
D)  ​Bone loss begins later in women. 
E)  ​Women lose more bone after menopause. 
A)  ​Women consume less calcium. 
B)  ​Women have lower bone mass. 
C)  ​Women have smaller bodies. 
D)  ​Bone loss begins later in women. 
E)  ​Women lose more bone after menopause.

Question 10

Matching
-​hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances. 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances.

Question 11

Matching
-pica

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances. 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances.

Question 12

Which of the following foods is low in sodium?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pickles 
B)  ​fresh carrots 
C)  ​processed cheese 
D)  ​bologna 
E)  ​pizza 
A)  ​pickles 
B)  ​fresh carrots 
C)  ​processed cheese 
D)  ​bologna 
E)  ​pizza

Question 13

The best advice to give a healthy person eating a typical diet who is considering a supplement to improve his health is:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Choose a supplement that has been approved by the FDA. 
B)  ​Spend your money on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and milk products instead. 
C)  ​Buy supplements that have the USP symbol on the label for assurance of safety and effectiveness. 
D)  ​Choose a supplement that contains the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for maximum effectiveness. 
E)  ​Choose a "natural" or "organic" supplement. 
A)  ​Choose a supplement that has been approved by the FDA. 
B)  ​Spend your money on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and milk products instead. 
C)  ​Buy supplements that have the USP symbol on the label for assurance of safety and effectiveness. 
D)  ​Choose a supplement that contains the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for maximum effectiveness. 
E)  ​Choose a "natural" or "organic" supplement.

Question 14

In order to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal, you would:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​consume tea as a beverage with the meal. 
B)  ​eat a calcium-rich food with the meal. 
C)  ​consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal. 
D)  ​avoid eating foods rich in vitamin C with the meal. 
E)  ​drink plenty of coffee before each meal. 
A)  ​consume tea as a beverage with the meal. 
B)  ​eat a calcium-rich food with the meal. 
C)  ​consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal. 
D)  ​avoid eating foods rich in vitamin C with the meal. 
E)  ​drink plenty of coffee before each meal.

Question 15

People who regularly take prescription drugs such as steroids and diuretics are at risk for a deficiency of:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​potassium. 
B)  ​chloride. 
C)  ​iodine. 
D)  ​selenium. 
E)  ​calcium. 
A)  ​potassium. 
B)  ​chloride. 
C)  ​iodine. 
D)  ​selenium. 
E)  ​calcium.

Question 16

It is necessary to supplement your diet with inositol and carnitine.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following groups of people would have the lowest sodium intakes?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​those who avoid adding salt to their food 
B)  ​those who exercise strenuously on a regular basis 
C)  ​those who eat mostly processed foods 
D)  ​those who eat mostly whole, unprocessed foods 
E)  ​those on a low carbohydrate diet 
A)  ​those who avoid adding salt to their food 
B)  ​those who exercise strenuously on a regular basis 
C)  ​those who eat mostly processed foods 
D)  ​those who eat mostly whole, unprocessed foods 
E)  ​those on a low carbohydrate diet

Question 18

In regard to caffeine, the DRI committee determined that:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​beverages that contain caffeine do not count toward meetings one's fluid needs. 
B)  ​a person should not consume more than three cups of caffeine-containing beverages a day. 
C)  ​caffeinated beverages contribute to daily total water intake similarly to non-caffeinated beverages. 
D)  ​caffeine causes a net deficit of fluid in the body; therefore, caffeine-containing beverages should be avoided by athletes particularly. 
E)  ​caffeinated beverages disrupt the acid-base balance in the body and should be avoided. 
A)  ​beverages that contain caffeine do not count toward meetings one's fluid needs. 
B)  ​a person should not consume more than three cups of caffeine-containing beverages a day. 
C)  ​caffeinated beverages contribute to daily total water intake similarly to non-caffeinated beverages. 
D)  ​caffeine causes a net deficit of fluid in the body; therefore, caffeine-containing beverages should be avoided by athletes particularly. 
E)  ​caffeinated beverages disrupt the acid-base balance in the body and should be avoided.

Question 19

Matching
-​aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances. 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant. 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input. 
C) the rare condition in which body water contents are too high. 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance. 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands.
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water.
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations.
H)the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones.
I)high blood pressure.
J)a precursor to hemoglobin.
K)a craving for nonfood substances.

Question 20

The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it is​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​thyroxine. 
B)  ​renin. 
C)  ​cortisone. 
D)  ​epinephrine. 
E)  ​ADH. 
A)  ​thyroxine. 
B)  ​renin. 
C)  ​cortisone. 
D)  ​epinephrine. 
E)  ​ADH.

Exam 9: Water and the Minerals

Matching -hypertension

Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?​

Which of these foods are richest in potassium?​

In the U.S., low iron intake is often associated with:​

​The primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume is:

Of the following, the mineral that is least likely to be deficient in anyone's diet is:​

How does fluoride exert a caries-reducing effect?​

In many people, chronic high intakes of which of the following can raise blood pressure?​

Which of the following is the least likely reason that osteoporosis is more prevalent in women?​

Matching -​hypothalamus

Matching -pica

Which of the following foods is low in sodium?​

The best advice to give a healthy person eating a typical diet who is considering a supplement to improve his health is:​

In order to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal, you would:​

People who regularly take prescription drugs such as steroids and diuretics are at risk for a deficiency of:​

It is necessary to supplement your diet with inositol and carnitine.​

Which of the following groups of people would have the lowest sodium intakes?​

In regard to caffeine, the DRI committee determined that:​

Matching -​aldosterone

The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it is​

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?

Which of these foods are richest in potassium?

In the U.S., low iron intake is often associated with:

The primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume is:

Of the following, the mineral that is least likely to be deficient in anyone's diet is:

How does fluoride exert a caries-reducing effect?

In many people, chronic high intakes of which of the following can raise blood pressure?

Which of the following is the least likely reason that osteoporosis is more prevalent in women?

Matching -hypothalamus

Which of the following foods is low in sodium?

The best advice to give a healthy person eating a typical diet who is considering a supplement to improve his health is:

In order to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal, you would:

People who regularly take prescription drugs such as steroids and diuretics are at risk for a deficiency of:

It is necessary to supplement your diet with inositol and carnitine.

Which of the following groups of people would have the lowest sodium intakes?

In regard to caffeine, the DRI committee determined that:

Matching -aldosterone

The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it is